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Kadın Okul Müdürlerinin Liderlik Stilleri ile Öğretmenlerin Güç Mesafesi Algıları Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 49 - 69, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1527676

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kadın okul müdürlerinin liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel güç mesafesi algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Muğla ilinde, kadın okul müdürleri tarafından yönetilen okullarda görev yapan 378 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, Okul Yöneticilerinin Liderlik Stili Ölçeği ve Örgütsel Güç Mesafesi Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular öğretmenlerin; kadın okul müdürlerinin dönüşümcü liderlik stilini yüksek, sürdürümcü liderlik stilini orta ve serbest bırakıcı liderlik stilini düşük düzeyde algıladıklarını göstermektedir. Çalışmanın örgütsel güç mesafesi ile ilgili sonuçları, öğretmenlerin gücü kabullenme ve güce razı olma algılarının yüksek; gücü araçsal kullanma ve gücü meşrulaştırma algılarının düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Öğretmenlerin, kadın okul müdürlerinin liderlik stillerine yönelik algıları, cinsiyet ve eğitim durumuna göre; güç mesafesi algıları, kıdem ve kadro tipine göre anlamlı farklar göstermiştir. Çalışmanın regresyon analizinden elde edilen sonuçları, sürdürümcü liderliğin, öğretmenlerin gücü araçsal kullanma ve güce razı olma algılarının anlamlı birer yordayıcısı olduğunu göstermiştir.

References

  • Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender & Society, 20(4), 441-464. doi: 10.1177/0891243206289499.
  • Akan, D., Yıldırım, İ., & Yalçın, S. (2014). Okul müdürleri liderlik stili ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi (OMLSÖ). Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(51), 392-415. doi: 10.17755/esosder.28743.
  • Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2002). Developing potential across a full range of leadership: Cases on transactional and transformational leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N., & Sinha, J. B. P. (1999). Organizational culture and human resource management practices: The model of culture fit. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(4), 501-526.
  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (Eds.). (2006). Transformational leadership. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The Strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Camcı, H., & Güvenç, M.L. (2022). Kadın okul yöneticilerinin liderlik davranışları. International Academic Social Resources Journal, 7(38), 655-660.
  • Çiçek Sağlam, A., & Göl Dede, D. (2020). Öğretmenlerin güç mesafesi algıları ile örgütsel sessizlikleri arasındaki ilişki. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6), 1-23.
  • Çolak, İ., Yorulmaz, Y. İ., & Altınkurt, Y. (2022). The mediating role of teachers’ critical thinking dispositions in the relationship between their organisational power distance perceptions and autonomy behaviors, E-International Journal of Educational Research, 13(2), 90-107. doi: 10.19160/e-ijer.1076433.
  • Eagly, A. H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., & van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 569–591. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569.
  • Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G., & Klonsky, B. G. (1992). Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), 3–22. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.3.
  • Fuchs, D., Di Giulio, A., Glaab, K., Lorek, S., Maniates, M., Princen, T., & Ropke, I. (2016). Power: the missing element in sustainable consumption and absolute reductions research and action. Journal of Cleaner Production, 132, 298–307. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.006.
  • Ganiyu, R. A., Oluwafemi, A., Ademola, A. A. & Olatunji, O. I. (2018). The Glass ceiling conundrum: Illusory belief or barriers that impede women’s career advancement in the workplace. Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business, 3(1),137-166.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. USA: Sage. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hoşgörür, T., & Yorulmaz, Y. İ. (2016). The effect of power sources used by lecturers in class management on the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of fairness regarding their learning environment. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 45(2), 375-404. doi: 10.14812/cuefd.284860.
  • House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.) (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Jackson, J. (2001). Women middle managers’ perception of the glass ceiling. Women in Management Review, 16, 30-41.
  • Khan, S. I., Abdullah, N.N. & Zada, R.S.E. (2023). Transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles: A gender analysis. Qalaai Zanist Journal, 8(1), 1228–1246. doi: 10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.1.49.
  • Loi, R., Lam, L. W., & Chan, K. W. (2012). Coping with job insecurity: The role of procedural justice, ethical leadership and power distance orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(3), 361–372. doi: 10.1007/s10551-011-1095-3.
  • Lukes, S. (2005). Power: A radical view (2nd ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mert, P. (2021). Leadership characteristics of female school principals according to female teachers. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(4), 166-176. doi: 10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.4.356. Molyneux, M., Adrija D., Malu A. C. Gatto, and Holly Rowden. 2021. “New Feminist Activism, Waves and Generations.” UN Women Discussion Paper No. 29. Accessed January 30, 2024. doi: 10.18356/25216112/40.
  • Okçu, V. (2011). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıkları ve yıldırma yaşama düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1992). Managing with Power: Politics and Influence in Organizations.Boston: Harvard Business School.
  • Powell, G.N. & Butterfield, D.A. (2003). Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management. Women in Management Review, 18(1/2), 88-96. doi: 10.1108/09649420310462361.
  • Rafiei, S., & Pourreza, A. (2013). The moderating role of power distance on the relationship between employee participation and outcome variables. International journal of health policy and management, 1(1), 79–83. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.12.
  • Rendall, J. (1985). The origins of modern feminism: Women in Britain, France and the United States 1780-1860. London: Macmillan.
  • Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Silva, S., & Mendis, B. (2017). Relationship between transformational, transaction and laissez-faire leadership styles and employee commitment. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(7), 13–21.
  • Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 115-191. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60283-X.
  • U.S. Glass Ceiling Commission. (1995). Good for business: Making full use of the nation's human capital. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/key_workplace/116/
  • Veliu, L., Manxhari, M., Demiri, V., & Jahaj, L. (2017). The influence of leadership styles on employee’s performance. Vadyba Journal of Management, 31(2), 59-69.
  • Voon, M. L., Lo, M. C., Ngui, K. S., & Ayob, N. B. (2011). The influence of leadership styles on employees’ job satisfaction in public sector organisations in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 24-32.
  • Walters, M. (2005). Feminism: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global Gender Gap Report 2023. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2023.pdf
  • Yammarino, F. J., & Bass, B. M. (1990). Long-term forecasting and leadership performance. Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 81-95. doi: 10.1016/1048-9843(90)90014-Y.
  • Yorulmaz, Y.İ. (2021). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel güç mesafesi algılarının eğitim örgütlerine yansımaları, yapısal nedenleri ve yapılaşması. Doktora tezi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Muğla.
  • Yorulmaz, Y. I., Çolak, İ., Altınkurt, Y., & Yılmaz, K. (2018). Örgütsel güç mesafesi ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 8(4), 671-686. Doi: 10.24315/trkefd.411916.
  • Zacharakis, M. (2017). The impact of female school principals’ leadership traits on teacher morale in california cbee star schools. Doctoral Dissertation, Brandman University. https://digitalcommons.umassglobal.edu/edd_dissertations/126
  • Ziblim, L. (2020). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandığı güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin güç mesafesi arasındaki ilişki (Muğla/Türkiye-Tamale/Gana örneği). Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Muğla.

The Relationship Between Female School Principals' Leadership Styles and Teachers' Power Distance Perceptions

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 49 - 69, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1527676

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the leadership styles of female school principals and teachers' perceptions of organizational power distance. The sample of the study consists of 378 teachers working in schools managed by female principals in the province of Muğla. Data were collected using the School Administrators’ Leadership Style Scale and the Organizational Power Distance Scale. The findings indicate that teachers perceive female school principals’ transformational leadership style as high, transactional leadership style as moderate, and laissez-faire leadership style as low. The results related to organizational power distance reveal that teachers’ perceptions of acceptance of power and acquiescence to power are high, while their perceptions of instrumental use of power and justification of power are low. Teachers’ perceptions of female school principals’ leadership styles significantly differ based on gender and educational background, whereas their perceptions of power distance significantly differ based on seniority and employment type. The results of the regression analysis show that transactional leadership is a significant predictor of teachers' perceptions of instrumental use of power and acquiescence to power.

References

  • Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender & Society, 20(4), 441-464. doi: 10.1177/0891243206289499.
  • Akan, D., Yıldırım, İ., & Yalçın, S. (2014). Okul müdürleri liderlik stili ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi (OMLSÖ). Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(51), 392-415. doi: 10.17755/esosder.28743.
  • Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2002). Developing potential across a full range of leadership: Cases on transactional and transformational leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N., & Sinha, J. B. P. (1999). Organizational culture and human resource management practices: The model of culture fit. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(4), 501-526.
  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free.
  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (Eds.). (2006). Transformational leadership. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The Strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Camcı, H., & Güvenç, M.L. (2022). Kadın okul yöneticilerinin liderlik davranışları. International Academic Social Resources Journal, 7(38), 655-660.
  • Çiçek Sağlam, A., & Göl Dede, D. (2020). Öğretmenlerin güç mesafesi algıları ile örgütsel sessizlikleri arasındaki ilişki. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6), 1-23.
  • Çolak, İ., Yorulmaz, Y. İ., & Altınkurt, Y. (2022). The mediating role of teachers’ critical thinking dispositions in the relationship between their organisational power distance perceptions and autonomy behaviors, E-International Journal of Educational Research, 13(2), 90-107. doi: 10.19160/e-ijer.1076433.
  • Eagly, A. H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., & van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 569–591. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569.
  • Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G., & Klonsky, B. G. (1992). Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), 3–22. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.3.
  • Fuchs, D., Di Giulio, A., Glaab, K., Lorek, S., Maniates, M., Princen, T., & Ropke, I. (2016). Power: the missing element in sustainable consumption and absolute reductions research and action. Journal of Cleaner Production, 132, 298–307. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.006.
  • Ganiyu, R. A., Oluwafemi, A., Ademola, A. A. & Olatunji, O. I. (2018). The Glass ceiling conundrum: Illusory belief or barriers that impede women’s career advancement in the workplace. Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business, 3(1),137-166.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. USA: Sage. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hoşgörür, T., & Yorulmaz, Y. İ. (2016). The effect of power sources used by lecturers in class management on the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of fairness regarding their learning environment. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 45(2), 375-404. doi: 10.14812/cuefd.284860.
  • House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.) (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Jackson, J. (2001). Women middle managers’ perception of the glass ceiling. Women in Management Review, 16, 30-41.
  • Khan, S. I., Abdullah, N.N. & Zada, R.S.E. (2023). Transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles: A gender analysis. Qalaai Zanist Journal, 8(1), 1228–1246. doi: 10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.1.49.
  • Loi, R., Lam, L. W., & Chan, K. W. (2012). Coping with job insecurity: The role of procedural justice, ethical leadership and power distance orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(3), 361–372. doi: 10.1007/s10551-011-1095-3.
  • Lukes, S. (2005). Power: A radical view (2nd ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mert, P. (2021). Leadership characteristics of female school principals according to female teachers. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(4), 166-176. doi: 10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.4.356. Molyneux, M., Adrija D., Malu A. C. Gatto, and Holly Rowden. 2021. “New Feminist Activism, Waves and Generations.” UN Women Discussion Paper No. 29. Accessed January 30, 2024. doi: 10.18356/25216112/40.
  • Okçu, V. (2011). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıkları ve yıldırma yaşama düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1992). Managing with Power: Politics and Influence in Organizations.Boston: Harvard Business School.
  • Powell, G.N. & Butterfield, D.A. (2003). Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management. Women in Management Review, 18(1/2), 88-96. doi: 10.1108/09649420310462361.
  • Rafiei, S., & Pourreza, A. (2013). The moderating role of power distance on the relationship between employee participation and outcome variables. International journal of health policy and management, 1(1), 79–83. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.12.
  • Rendall, J. (1985). The origins of modern feminism: Women in Britain, France and the United States 1780-1860. London: Macmillan.
  • Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Silva, S., & Mendis, B. (2017). Relationship between transformational, transaction and laissez-faire leadership styles and employee commitment. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(7), 13–21.
  • Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 115-191. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60283-X.
  • U.S. Glass Ceiling Commission. (1995). Good for business: Making full use of the nation's human capital. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/key_workplace/116/
  • Veliu, L., Manxhari, M., Demiri, V., & Jahaj, L. (2017). The influence of leadership styles on employee’s performance. Vadyba Journal of Management, 31(2), 59-69.
  • Voon, M. L., Lo, M. C., Ngui, K. S., & Ayob, N. B. (2011). The influence of leadership styles on employees’ job satisfaction in public sector organisations in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 24-32.
  • Walters, M. (2005). Feminism: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global Gender Gap Report 2023. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2023.pdf
  • Yammarino, F. J., & Bass, B. M. (1990). Long-term forecasting and leadership performance. Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 81-95. doi: 10.1016/1048-9843(90)90014-Y.
  • Yorulmaz, Y.İ. (2021). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel güç mesafesi algılarının eğitim örgütlerine yansımaları, yapısal nedenleri ve yapılaşması. Doktora tezi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Muğla.
  • Yorulmaz, Y. I., Çolak, İ., Altınkurt, Y., & Yılmaz, K. (2018). Örgütsel güç mesafesi ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 8(4), 671-686. Doi: 10.24315/trkefd.411916.
  • Zacharakis, M. (2017). The impact of female school principals’ leadership traits on teacher morale in california cbee star schools. Doctoral Dissertation, Brandman University. https://digitalcommons.umassglobal.edu/edd_dissertations/126
  • Ziblim, L. (2020). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandığı güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin güç mesafesi arasındaki ilişki (Muğla/Türkiye-Tamale/Gana örneği). Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Muğla.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Curriculum and Teaching in Economics, Business and Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Demet Tozlu This is me 0000-0002-3046-3095

Tuğba Hoşgörür 0000-0001-7109-3935

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date August 3, 2024
Acceptance Date September 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tozlu, D., & Hoşgörür, T. (2024). The Relationship Between Female School Principals’ Leadership Styles and Teachers’ Power Distance Perceptions. Eğitim Ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 49-69. https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1527676