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ÇEVRİMİÇİ ÖĞRENME ORTAMLARINDA KULLANILAN DÜRTME STRATEJİLERİNİN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PERFORMANSLARINA ETKİSİ VE PERFORMANS İLE MOTİVASYONLARINA YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 178 - 210, 25.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.711173

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, bir çevrimiçi ortamda kullanılan çerçeveleme dürtme stratejilerinin öğretmen adaylarının performanslarına etkisi ve performans ile motivasyonlarına yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, 2019-2020 öğretim yılında bir devlet üniversitesinin, Eğitim Fakültesi, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi bölümü 1.sınıfında “BTE 115 Öğretim Teknolojilerinin Temelleri” dersini alan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 47 öğrenci ile uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada 2 tür çerçeveleme dürtme stratejisi kullanılmıştır. Bunlardan biri amaç çerçeveleme dürtme stratejisi (ödülün korunması ve ödülün kazanılması); diğeri ise özellik çerçeveleme dürtme stratejisidir (pozitif çerçeveleme ve negatif çerçeveleme). Katılımcılar öncelikle rastgele olarak ödülün korunması (n=25) ve ödülün kazanılması (n=22) şeklinde iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Daha sonra her iki grup da kendi içinde pozitif çerçeveleme ve negatif çerçeveleme biçiminde rastgele ikiye bölünmüştür. Sonuç olarak, ödülün korunması-pozitif çerçeveleme, ödülün korunması-negatif çerçeveleme, ödülün kazanılması-pozitif çerçeveleme ve ödülün kazanılması-negatif çerçeveleme şeklinde 4 grup oluşturulmuştur. Açıklayıcı karma araştırma yöntemiyle yürütülen bu çalışmada, performans puanları, “Görev performansı rubriği”, performans ve motivasyona yönelik görüşler ise “yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları” ile toplanmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde, betimsel istatistikler ve verilerin normal dağılım göstermemesi nedeniyle Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal - Wallis testi uygulanmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının performanslarının ödülün korunması durumunda ödülün kazanılmasına göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Benzer biçimde öğrencilerden elde edilen görüşler doğrultusunda, ödülün korunması ödülün kazanılmasına göre performans ve motivasyonlarını daha çok arttırmıştır. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucuna göre, görevler sonrasında negatif çerçeveleme alan grubun pozitif çerçeveleme alan gruba göre performanslarının daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Aynı şekilde öğrenci görüşleri negatif çerçevelemenin pozitif çerçevelemeye göre performans ve motivasyonu daha çok arttırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Tüm gruplar içerisinde ödülün korunması ve negatif çerçeveleme alan öğrenenlerin performans puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu ve performans ve motivasyona yönelik görüşlerinin daha olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlardan hareketle, çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarının tasarımında dürtme stratejilerinin kullanımına ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

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  • Choi, H. J., & Park, J. H. (2018). Testing a path-analytic model of adult dropout in online degree programs. Computers and Education, 116, 130-138.
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  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Damgaard, M. T. & Nielsen, H. S.(2018). Nudging in Education. Economics of Education Review 64, 313-342.
  • Damgaard, M. T. & Gravert, C. (2018). The Hidden Cost of Nudging: Experimental Evidence from Reminders in Fundraising. Journal of Public Economics, 157, 15-26.
  • Demarque, C., Charalambides, L., Hilton, D. J., Waroquier, L. (2015). Nudging Sustainable Consumption: The Use of Descriptive Norms to Promote a Minority Behavior in a Realistic Online Shopping Environment. J. of Environmental Psychology, 43, 166-174.
  • Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A. & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(3).
  • Field, E. (2009). Educational Debt Burden and Career Choice: Evidence from a Financial Aid Experiment at NYU Law School. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(1), 1-21.
  • Fryer, R. G., Levitt, S. D., List, J. & Sadoff, S. (2012). Enhancing the Efficiency of Teacher Incentives through Loss Aversion: A Field Experiment. NBER Working Paper No. 18237.
  • Gregor, S. & Lee‐Archer, B. (2016). The Digital Nudge in Social Security Administration. International Social Security Review, 69, 63-83.
  • Grüne-Yanoff, T. & Hertwig, R. (2016). Nudge versus Boost: How Coherent Are Policy and Theory? Minds & Machines, 26(1), 149-183.
  • Guthrie, J., Mancino, L., Lin, C. T .J. (2015). Nudging Consumers Toward Better Food Choices: Policy Approaches to Changing Food Consumption Behaviors. Psychology & Marketing, 32, 501-511.
  • Hansch, A., Hillers, L., McConachie, K., Newman, C., Schildhauer, T. & Schmidt, P. (2015). Video and Online Learning: Critical Reflections and Findings From the Field. SSRN eLibrary.
  • Harasim, L., Hiltz, S. R., Teles, L., & Turoff, M. (1995). Learning networks: A field guide to teaching and learning online. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Hranstinski, S. (2009). A theory of online learning as online participation. Computers & Education, 52(1), 78-82.
  • Ibrahim, M. A. & Van der Heijden, B. I. (2019). Learner characteristics’ factors and their relationship with drop-out in distance learning: The case of the Arab Open University in Saudi Arabia Riyadh Branch.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgement and choice. American Psychologist, 58(9), 697-720.
  • Kizilcec, R. F., Saltarelli, A, J., Reich, J. & Cohen, G. L. (2017). Closing global achievement gaps in MOOCs Brief interventions address social identity threat at scale. Science, 355(6322), 251-252.
  • Krawczyk, M. (2011). Framing in the field. A simple experiment on the reflection effect. University of Warsaw Working Papers No. 14.
  • Krishnamurthy, P., Carter, P., Blair, E. (2001). Attribute Framing and Goal Framing Effects in Health Decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85(2), 382-390.
  • Kukulska-Hulme, A., Lee, H. & Norris, L. (2017). Mobile Learning Revolution: Implications for Language Pedagogy. In: Chapelle, Carol A. and Sauro, Shannon eds. The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning. Oxford: Wiley & Sons, 217-233.
  • Lehmann, B. A., Chapman, G. B., Franssen, F. M., Kok, G., Ruiter, R. A.(2016). Changing the Default to Promote Influenza Vaccination Among Health Care Workers. Vaccine, 34, 1389-1392.
  • Levin, I. P., Schneider, S. L., Gaeth, G. J. (1998). All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76, 149-188.
  • Levitt, S. D., List, J. A., Neckermann, S. & Sadoff, S. (2016). The Behaviouralist Goes to School: Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Improve Economic Performance. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, (8)4, 183-219.
  • Mandernach, B. J., Gonzales, R. M., & Garnett, A. L. (2006). An examination of online instructor presence via threaded discussion participation. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 2(4), 248-260.
  • Martinez, I. (2014). The Effects of Nudges on Students’ Effort and Performance: Lessons from a MOOC. EdPolicyWorks Working Paper.
  • Masters, K., & Oberprieler, G. (2004). Encouraging equitable online participation through curriculum articulation. Computers & Education, 42(4), 319-332.
  • McEvoy, D. M. (2016). Loss Aversion and Student Achievement, Economics Bulletin, 36(3), 1762-1770.
  • McKavanagh, C., Kanes, C., Beven, F., Cunningham, A., & Choy, S. (2002). Evaluation of web-based flexible learning. Adelaide: National Centre for Vocational Education Research.
  • Merrill, M. D. (2002). First Principles of Instruction. Educational Technology Research and Development. 50(3), 43-59.
  • Mirsch, T., Lehrer, C., Jung, R. (2017) Digital Nudging: Altering User Behavior in Digital Environments. In: WI 2017 Proceedings. 634-648.
  • Nenkov, G. Y., Inman, J. J., Hulland, J. (2008) .Considering the Future: The Conceptualization and Measurement of Elaboration on Potential Outcomes. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(1), 126-141.
  • Sayın, Z., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2015). Çevrim-içi öğrenmeye yeni bir bakış açısı: Kitlesel açık çevrimiçi dersler. B. Akkoyunlu, A. İşman ve H. F. Odabaşı (Ed.) içinde Eğitim teknolojileri okumaları 2015, (26. Bölüm, ss. 525-538). TOJET-The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.
  • Schneider, C., Weinmann, M. & Vom Brocke, J. (2018). Digital Nudging. Guiding Online User Choices through Interface Design Communications of the ACM 61(7), 67-73.
  • Sheridan, R., Martin-Kerry J., Watt, I., Higgins, S., Stones, S. R., Taylor, D. H. (2019). User testing digital, multimedia information to inform children, adolescents and their parents about healthcare trials. J Child Health Care, 23, 468-82.
  • Tangari, A. H., Burton, S., Smith, R. J. (2015). Now that's a Bright Idea: The Influence of Consumer Elaboration and Distance Perceptions on Sustainable Choices. Journal of Retailing, 91(3), 410-421.
  • Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness. Yale University Press.
  • Thaler, R. H. (2016). Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, and Future. American Economic Review, 106 (7), 1577-1600.
  • Toledo, I., Albornoz, C., & Schneider, K. (2020). Learning Analytics to Explore Dropout in Online Entrepreneurship Education. Psychology, 11, 268-284.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science (New Series), 185(4157), 1124-1131.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice Science, 211, 453-458.
  • Wagner, V. (2017). Seeking Risk or Answering Smart? Heterogeneous Effects of Grading Manipulations in Elementary Schools. Working Paper.
  • Walton, G. M. (2014). The New Science of Wise Psychological Interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 73-82.
  • Weber, E. U., Johnson, E. J. (2009). Mindful judgment and decision making. Annu Rev Psychol, 60, 53-86.
  • Weinmann, M., Schneider, C. & Vom Brocke, J. (2016). Digital Nudging. Business & Information Systems Engineering 58(6), 433-436.
  • Wu, S. J., & Paluck, E. L. (2018). Designing nudges for the context: Golden coin decals nudge workplace behavior in China. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
  • Yeager, D. S. & Walton, G. M. (2011). Social-Psychological Interventions in Education: They’re Not Magic. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 267-301.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (9.Genişletilmiş Baskı) Ankara: Seçkin
Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 178 - 210, 25.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.711173

Abstract

References

  • van Alten, D. C. D., Phielix, C., Janssen, J., & Kester, L. (2019). Effects of flipping the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 28, 1-18.
  • Benhassine, N., Devoto, F., Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Pouliquen, V. 2015. Turning a Shove into a Nudge? A ‘Labelled Cash Transfer’ for Education. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(3), 86-125.
  • Choi, H. J., & Park, J. H. (2018). Testing a path-analytic model of adult dropout in online degree programs. Computers and Education, 116, 130-138.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Damgaard, M. T. & Nielsen, H. S.(2018). Nudging in Education. Economics of Education Review 64, 313-342.
  • Damgaard, M. T. & Gravert, C. (2018). The Hidden Cost of Nudging: Experimental Evidence from Reminders in Fundraising. Journal of Public Economics, 157, 15-26.
  • Demarque, C., Charalambides, L., Hilton, D. J., Waroquier, L. (2015). Nudging Sustainable Consumption: The Use of Descriptive Norms to Promote a Minority Behavior in a Realistic Online Shopping Environment. J. of Environmental Psychology, 43, 166-174.
  • Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A. & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(3).
  • Field, E. (2009). Educational Debt Burden and Career Choice: Evidence from a Financial Aid Experiment at NYU Law School. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(1), 1-21.
  • Fryer, R. G., Levitt, S. D., List, J. & Sadoff, S. (2012). Enhancing the Efficiency of Teacher Incentives through Loss Aversion: A Field Experiment. NBER Working Paper No. 18237.
  • Gregor, S. & Lee‐Archer, B. (2016). The Digital Nudge in Social Security Administration. International Social Security Review, 69, 63-83.
  • Grüne-Yanoff, T. & Hertwig, R. (2016). Nudge versus Boost: How Coherent Are Policy and Theory? Minds & Machines, 26(1), 149-183.
  • Guthrie, J., Mancino, L., Lin, C. T .J. (2015). Nudging Consumers Toward Better Food Choices: Policy Approaches to Changing Food Consumption Behaviors. Psychology & Marketing, 32, 501-511.
  • Hansch, A., Hillers, L., McConachie, K., Newman, C., Schildhauer, T. & Schmidt, P. (2015). Video and Online Learning: Critical Reflections and Findings From the Field. SSRN eLibrary.
  • Harasim, L., Hiltz, S. R., Teles, L., & Turoff, M. (1995). Learning networks: A field guide to teaching and learning online. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Hranstinski, S. (2009). A theory of online learning as online participation. Computers & Education, 52(1), 78-82.
  • Ibrahim, M. A. & Van der Heijden, B. I. (2019). Learner characteristics’ factors and their relationship with drop-out in distance learning: The case of the Arab Open University in Saudi Arabia Riyadh Branch.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgement and choice. American Psychologist, 58(9), 697-720.
  • Kizilcec, R. F., Saltarelli, A, J., Reich, J. & Cohen, G. L. (2017). Closing global achievement gaps in MOOCs Brief interventions address social identity threat at scale. Science, 355(6322), 251-252.
  • Krawczyk, M. (2011). Framing in the field. A simple experiment on the reflection effect. University of Warsaw Working Papers No. 14.
  • Krishnamurthy, P., Carter, P., Blair, E. (2001). Attribute Framing and Goal Framing Effects in Health Decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85(2), 382-390.
  • Kukulska-Hulme, A., Lee, H. & Norris, L. (2017). Mobile Learning Revolution: Implications for Language Pedagogy. In: Chapelle, Carol A. and Sauro, Shannon eds. The Handbook of Technology and Second Language Teaching and Learning. Oxford: Wiley & Sons, 217-233.
  • Lehmann, B. A., Chapman, G. B., Franssen, F. M., Kok, G., Ruiter, R. A.(2016). Changing the Default to Promote Influenza Vaccination Among Health Care Workers. Vaccine, 34, 1389-1392.
  • Levin, I. P., Schneider, S. L., Gaeth, G. J. (1998). All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76, 149-188.
  • Levitt, S. D., List, J. A., Neckermann, S. & Sadoff, S. (2016). The Behaviouralist Goes to School: Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Improve Economic Performance. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, (8)4, 183-219.
  • Mandernach, B. J., Gonzales, R. M., & Garnett, A. L. (2006). An examination of online instructor presence via threaded discussion participation. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 2(4), 248-260.
  • Martinez, I. (2014). The Effects of Nudges on Students’ Effort and Performance: Lessons from a MOOC. EdPolicyWorks Working Paper.
  • Masters, K., & Oberprieler, G. (2004). Encouraging equitable online participation through curriculum articulation. Computers & Education, 42(4), 319-332.
  • McEvoy, D. M. (2016). Loss Aversion and Student Achievement, Economics Bulletin, 36(3), 1762-1770.
  • McKavanagh, C., Kanes, C., Beven, F., Cunningham, A., & Choy, S. (2002). Evaluation of web-based flexible learning. Adelaide: National Centre for Vocational Education Research.
  • Merrill, M. D. (2002). First Principles of Instruction. Educational Technology Research and Development. 50(3), 43-59.
  • Mirsch, T., Lehrer, C., Jung, R. (2017) Digital Nudging: Altering User Behavior in Digital Environments. In: WI 2017 Proceedings. 634-648.
  • Nenkov, G. Y., Inman, J. J., Hulland, J. (2008) .Considering the Future: The Conceptualization and Measurement of Elaboration on Potential Outcomes. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(1), 126-141.
  • Sayın, Z., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2015). Çevrim-içi öğrenmeye yeni bir bakış açısı: Kitlesel açık çevrimiçi dersler. B. Akkoyunlu, A. İşman ve H. F. Odabaşı (Ed.) içinde Eğitim teknolojileri okumaları 2015, (26. Bölüm, ss. 525-538). TOJET-The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.
  • Schneider, C., Weinmann, M. & Vom Brocke, J. (2018). Digital Nudging. Guiding Online User Choices through Interface Design Communications of the ACM 61(7), 67-73.
  • Sheridan, R., Martin-Kerry J., Watt, I., Higgins, S., Stones, S. R., Taylor, D. H. (2019). User testing digital, multimedia information to inform children, adolescents and their parents about healthcare trials. J Child Health Care, 23, 468-82.
  • Tangari, A. H., Burton, S., Smith, R. J. (2015). Now that's a Bright Idea: The Influence of Consumer Elaboration and Distance Perceptions on Sustainable Choices. Journal of Retailing, 91(3), 410-421.
  • Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness. Yale University Press.
  • Thaler, R. H. (2016). Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, and Future. American Economic Review, 106 (7), 1577-1600.
  • Toledo, I., Albornoz, C., & Schneider, K. (2020). Learning Analytics to Explore Dropout in Online Entrepreneurship Education. Psychology, 11, 268-284.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science (New Series), 185(4157), 1124-1131.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice Science, 211, 453-458.
  • Wagner, V. (2017). Seeking Risk or Answering Smart? Heterogeneous Effects of Grading Manipulations in Elementary Schools. Working Paper.
  • Walton, G. M. (2014). The New Science of Wise Psychological Interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 73-82.
  • Weber, E. U., Johnson, E. J. (2009). Mindful judgment and decision making. Annu Rev Psychol, 60, 53-86.
  • Weinmann, M., Schneider, C. & Vom Brocke, J. (2016). Digital Nudging. Business & Information Systems Engineering 58(6), 433-436.
  • Wu, S. J., & Paluck, E. L. (2018). Designing nudges for the context: Golden coin decals nudge workplace behavior in China. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
  • Yeager, D. S. & Walton, G. M. (2011). Social-Psychological Interventions in Education: They’re Not Magic. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 267-301.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (9.Genişletilmiş Baskı) Ankara: Seçkin
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yahya İltüzer 0000-0002-6111-9158

Yasemin Demiraslan Çevik 0000-0002-5160-4766

Publication Date July 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İltüzer, Y., & Demiraslan Çevik, Y. (2021). ÇEVRİMİÇİ ÖĞRENME ORTAMLARINDA KULLANILAN DÜRTME STRATEJİLERİNİN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PERFORMANSLARINA ETKİSİ VE PERFORMANS İLE MOTİVASYONLARINA YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram Ve Uygulama, 11(2), 178-210. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.711173