ÇOCUKLUK ANKSİYETESİNİN BELİRTİLERİ, YAYGINLIĞI ve BİLİŞSEL AÇIKLAMALARI: TEORİ ve GÖRGÜL ÇALIŞMALAR

Öz

Sürekli anksiyete ve anksiyete bozuklukları çocukluk ve ergenlikte görülen en yaygın ve yıpratıcı bozukluklardan biridir. Çeşitli gelişimsel alanlarda bozukluğa yol açtıklarından ötürü ağır bir sosyal ve ekonomik yüktür. Dolayısıyla, çocukluk anksiyetesine genel bir kapsamlı bakış açısı sunmak için, bu incelemenin ilk amacı çeşitli anksiyete bozukluklarının ayırt edici özelliklerini, yaygınlık oranlarını, ortaya konuş biçimini ve gidişatını güncel veriler ışığında özetlemektir. Çocukluk anksiyetesinin bilişsel açıklamalarına giderek artan ilgi ile birlikte, bu derlemenin ikinci amacı bilgi işleme anlayışımızdaki ilerlemeyi ve gençlerde anksiyete bozukluklarına yol açan ilgili bilgi işlem yanlılıklarını sunmaktır. Özellikle, kaygılı çocukların tehdide ilişkin bilişlerindeki çarpıklıklara, tehdit edici bilginin işlendiği bilişsel aşamalara ve bu aşamalarda ortaya çıkan bilişsel yanlılıklara (dikkat, yorumlama ve bellek) ilişkin teoriler ele alınmıştır. Son olarak, dikkat yanlılığı bilginin sisteme girdiği ilk aşama olduğu ve yanlılıklar arasında potansiyel bir aracılık ilişkisi olduğu için, anksiyeteyi olduğu gibi diğer yanlılıkları da azaltmak adına tehdide ilişkin dikkat yanlılığını ortadan kaldırmanın önemi vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anksiyete bozuklukları
• çocukluk anksiyetesi
• bilgi işlem yanlılıkları
• gidişat
• epidemiyoloji

PRESENTATION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, and COGNITIVE ACCOUNTS of CHILDHOOD ANXIETY: THEORY and EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Abstract

Anxiety disorders and trait anxiety are one of the most common and impairing psychological conditions in childhood and adolescence. They cause impairments in various developmental domains and create a heavy social and economic burden. To present an extensive overall perspective to current issues childhood anxiety, the first aim of this review is to outline the identifying hallmarks of diverse anxiety disorders, prevalence rates, manifestation, and prognosis in the light of recent research. With the growing interest on cognitive accounts of anxiety, the second aim is to present the trajectory of progress in our understanding of information processing and the related information processing biases en route to youth anxiety. Specifically, theories on distortions in children’s anxiogenic cognitions, the cognitive stages to process threat-related information, and the cognitive biases (i.e., attention, interpretation, and memory) pertaining to each stage were addressed. Finally, because attention bias is the first stage of information processing and there is a potential mediational association between these biases, the importance of eliminating attention bias for threat to further reduce the other biases as well as anxiety was highlighted.

Keywords

• anxiety disorders
• childhood anxiety
• information processing biases
• prognosis
• epidemiology

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