An Ethical Evaluation of Predictive Policing Applications

Abstract

This study aims to examine predictive law enforcement practices in the literature and to conduct an ethical evaluation of predictive law enforcement practices using artificial intelligence in this context. The concept of big data is now present in every moment of our lives, and objects other than humans (IoT) are constantly generating data. The increase in big data in recent years has increased the number of artificial intelligence applications in many fields. Artificial intelligence applications, including machine learning, are rapidly becoming widespread in health, finance, and e-Commerce areas. Different technologies are also being developed for security forces in the context of the defence industry and preventive services, such as weapon technologies and law enforcement applications. Predictive policing is one such application. Within the scope of this study, a literature review was used to examine the structures and examples of artificial intelligence applications used in predictive law enforcement, and evaluations were made on the ethics of artificial intelligence applications used in this field. This study will raise awareness about predictive law enforcement applications using artificial intelligence and shed light on the ethics of these applications for future academic studies.

Keywords

• Predictive Policing
• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Ethics

Öngörücü Kolluk Uygulamalarına İlişkin Etik Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Büyük veri kavramı artık hayatımızın her anında yer almakta ve artık insanların dışındaki nesneler dahi (IoT) sürekli olarak veri üretmektedirler. Büyük verideki son yıllarda yaşanan yaygın kullanım ve artış birçok alanda yapay zekâ içeren uygulamaların sayısını da giderek artırmaktadır. Yapay öğrenme içeren yapay zekâ uygulamalarının sağlık, finans, e-ticaret gibi alanlarda hızla yaygınlaştığı görülmektedir. Silah teknolojileri ve kolluk uygulamaları gibi savunma sanayi ve önleyici hizmetler bağlamında güvenlik güçleri için de farklı teknolojiler geliştirilmektedir. Öngörücü kolluk (predictive policing) uygulamaları da bunlardan bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yapay zekâ uygulamalarının güvenlik alanındaki uygulamalarından biri olan ve alan yazında yer alan öngörücü kolluk uygulamalarını incelemek ve bu bağlamda yapay zekâ kullanan öngörücü kolluk uygulamaları hakkında etik açıdan bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Araştırma kapsamında yöntem olarak alan yazın taraması kullanılmış, öngörücü kolluk alanında kullanılan yapay zekâ içeren uygulamaların yapıları ve örnekleri incelenerek bu alanda kullanılan yapay zekâ içeren uygulamaların etiği üzerine değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın yapay zekâ kullanan öngörücü kolluk uygulamaları ile ilgili farkındalığı artıracağı ve söz konusu uygulamaların etiği hakkında ileride yapılacak akademik çalışmalar için ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Öngörücü Kolluk
• Yapay Zeka
• Makine Öğrenmesi
• Etik

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