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POLİTİKALARI BAĞLAMINDA INDRA GANDHİ

Year 2020, Issue: 11, 43 - 71, 31.10.2020

Abstract

Hindistan’ın ve dünya siyasetinin 20.yüzyıldaki seçkin liderlerinden olan eski Hindistan Başbakanı Cavaharlal Nehru’nun kızı olan Indra Nehru-Gandhi, 1966 yılında başbakan olduktan sonra birçok başarılı iş yapmıştır. Ancak 1975 yılında başlayan ve 1977 yılında genel seçimlerin yapılmasına kadar süren olağanüstü hal döneminde ülkesinde güttüğü otoriter politika nedeniyle muhaliflerinin tepkisiyle karşılamıştır. Buna rağmen başta tarım devrimi ve bankaların kamulaştırılması olmak üzere önemli reformlar yapmış ve birçok sorunu çözmüştür. Dış politikada ise Gandhi, pragmatik yaklaşımıyla Hindistan’ın dünya ülkeleri arasında sözü geçen bir ülke olmasını amaçlamıştır. Sovyetler Birliği ile iyi münasebetler kurmuş ve Bağlantısızlar Hareketinin liderliğine seçilmiştir. Pakistan ile birçok kez savaşmasına rağmen yaptığı barış anlaşmasıyla münasebetlerini düzeltmiştir. Ancak iç politikada Sihlere karşı başlattığı mücadele onun hayatını kaybetmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Bu makalede Gandhi’nin liderliğini başbakanlık dönemi boyunca iç ve dış politika faaliyetleri kapsamında değerlendirdik ve Gandhi’nin olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini ortaya koyduk.

References

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Year 2020, Issue: 11, 43 - 71, 31.10.2020

Abstract

References

  • 1. Alam, Mohammed Badrul, India’s Nuclear Policy, Delhi, India,Mittal Publications, 1988. 2. Bank Nationalisation http://pnbsu.com/news/banking_finance/bank_nationalization.pdf (07/09/2018) 3. Banking reform in India https://economics.mit.edu/files/508 (Erişim Tarihi: 07 / 09 / 2018) 4. Basu,Raj Sekhar, “Understanding The Poverty Amelioration Programmes Of The Congress: The Narratives From The Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi Years”, Lithuania, Universitat Wroclawski,Societal Studies, 4 (2) , 2012. 5. Chattopadhyaya, Haraprasad, Ethnic Unrest in Modern Sri Lanka: An Account of Tamil Sinhalese Race Relations, New Delhi, India, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1994. 6. Chiriyankandath, James (Ed.), Parties and Political Change in South Asia, Oxon, UK, Routledge, 2016. 7. Chopra, Ed.P.N., A Comprehensive History of India 3.Cilt, New Delhi,India, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2003. 8. Chowdhury, Monoj Kumar, Agricultural Strategy in India:Green Revolution (A Historical Perspective), International Journal of Arts,Humanities and Management Studies,Vol 02, No.5, May 2016. 9. Decoding Indra Gandhi’s Bank Nationalisation of 1969 https://www.thequint.com/news/india/indira-gandhi-bank-nationalisation-1969-morarji-congress (Erişim Tarihi: 07/09/2018) 10. Education in India: National Policies and Regulations http://www.allresearchjournal.com /archives/2016/vol2issue6/PartG/2-6-67-472.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 14 / 10 / 2018) 11. Economic Milestone: Nationalisation of Banks (1969) http://www.forbesindia.com/article/independence-day-special/economic-milestone-nationalisation-of-banks-(1969)/38415/1 (Erişim Tarihi: 07 / 09 / 2018) 12. Green, Josclyn C., Indira Gandhi: India’s Destined Leader, History Theses, State University of New York College at Buffalo, Paper 23, 2013. 13. Green Revolution: Making India self sufficient in food https://www.inc.in/en/in-focus/green-revolution-making-india-self-sufficient-in-food (Erişim Tarihi: 07 / 09 /2018) 14. Gupte, Pranay, Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi, India , Penguin Books, ,2012. 15. Haqqani, Husain, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Washington, USA, Carnegie Endowment, 2010. 16. India’s Nuclear and Defence Policy http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in /bitstream/ 10603/118057/ 9 / 09_chapter%204.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11/09/2018) 17. Indra Gandhi biography https://www.britannica.com/biography/Indira-Gandhi#ref325594 (Erişim Tarihi: 02/ 09 /2018) 18. Indra Gandhi biography http://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/smt-indira-gandhi/ (Erişim Tarihi: 2 Eylül 2018) 19. Indian National Congress https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/asia-and-africa/south-asian-history/indian-national-congress (Erişim Tarihi: 04/01/2019) 20. India Since Independence https://erenow.com/exams/indiasinceindependence/28.html (Erişim Tarihi:03 / 09 /2018) 21. Jayakar, Pupul, Indira Gandhi: A Biography, New Delhi, India, Penguin Books, 1992. 22. Johari, J.C. , Indian National Congress Since Independence, New Delhi, India, Lotus Press, 2006. 23. Kapoor,Ravi Shanker, How India's Intellectuals Spread Lies (2nd Edition), New Delhi, India,Vision Books, 2014. 24. Khanna, V.N., Foreign Policy of India, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1997. 25. Kim, Yoosuk, Indian Electoral Politics and the Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), USA , Florida State University, 2006. 26. Krishna, Ananth V., India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics, India, Pearson Education, 2011. 27. Kochanek, Stanley A, Hardgrave, Robert L., India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation, Boston, USA, Cengage Learning, 2007. 28. Kumar, Anil, Political Parties in India, India, Educreation Publishing, Chhattisgarh, 2017.
  • 29. Latif, Amir, “A Comparative Study of Nuclear Doctrines of India and Pakistan”, Journal of Global Peace and Conflict, Vol. 2, No. 1, June 2014, 30. Mastny, Vojtech, The Soviet Union’s Partnership with India, http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/lory1.ethz.ch/documents/MastnySoviet-IndianPartnership.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05/ 01 / 2019) 31. Naik,V Nagendra, “Indira Gandhi and Indo-Sri Lankan relations, International Journal of Academic Research and Development”, New Delhi, Volume 2, Issue 4; July 2017. 32. Nair, P. Sukumaran , Indo-Bangladesh Relations, APH Publishing,New Delhi, India, 2008. 33. Nationalisation of Indian Banks and their progress after nationalisation http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/66839/10/10_chapter%204.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 07/09/2018) 34. Nükleer Silahların Yayılmasının Önlenmesi Anlaşması https://www.iaea.org/topics/non-proliferation-treaty (Erişim Tarihi: 11 / 09 / 2018) 35. Perkins,John, Geopolitics and the Green Revolution: Wheat, Genes, and the Cold War,New York,Oxford University Press,1997. 36. Kishan S.Rana, 21st-Century Diplomacy: A Practitioner's Guide, USA, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011. 37. Salman, M. A. Salman, Uprety, Kishor , Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers: A Legal Perspective, Washington, World Bank Publications, 2002. 38. Sanghvi, Vijay, The Congress, Indira to Sonia Gandhi, Delhi, India, Gyan Publishing House, 2006. 39. Sharma ,Shri Ram , India-USSR Relations, 1947-1971: From Ambivalence to Steadfastness, 1. Cilt ,New Delhi, India, Discovery Publishing House, 1999. 40. Simla Agreement Bkz. https://mea.gov.in/in-focus-article.htm?19005/Simla+Agreement+July+2+1972 (Erişim Tarihi 05/01/2019) 41. Singh, Pashaura, Fenech, Louis E., The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies, Oxford, Britain,OUP Oxford, 2014. 42. Sundararajan, Saroja , Kashmir Crisis: Unholy Anglo-Pak Nexus, Delhi, India, Gyan Publishing House, 2010. 43. Tarrosy Istvan, “Need for non alignment in our global World? The Non-aligned Movement Today and Tomorrow”,Croatia, Croatian International Relations Review, July – December 2005. 44. Zakir Hussain https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zakir-Husain (Erişim Tarihi: 04/01/2019)
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Caner Asal 0000-0002-7912-2742

Publication Date October 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Asal, C. (2020). POLİTİKALARI BAĞLAMINDA INDRA GANDHİ. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(11), 43-71.