KONTROL ODAĞI İLE DEPRESYON: STRESLE BAŞ ETME STRATEJİLERİNİN ÇOKLU ARACILIK ROLÜ

Year 2021, Issue: 13, 21 - 41, 31.10.2021

Ezgi Kaşdarma , Adem Kantar

https://doi.org/10.29157/etusbed.896708

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemisinin sebep olduğu psikolojik güçlüklere karşı olası koruyucu faktörlerin belirlenmesine ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara öneriler getirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda mevcut araştırmanın amacı, kontrol odağı ile depresyon düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide stresle baş etme stratejilerinin aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma verileri, pandemi sürecinin başında 189 üniversite öğrencisinden toplanmıştır. Veriler, İçsel ve Dışsal Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği, Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği, Sürekli Depresyon Envanteri yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma hipotezleri, Bootstrapping yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre, stresle problem ve duygu odaklı baş etme stratejileri, kontrol odağı ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık etmektedir. Buna göre, söz konusu aracı değişkenlerin modele dâhil edilmesiyle, dışsal kontrol odağındaki artışın depresyondaki artışı doğrudan yordayıcı gücü kaybolmuştur. Dışsal kontrol odaklı oluştaki artışa bağlı olarak problem odaklı baş etme azalırken, duygu odaklı baş etme artmıştır. Problem odaklı baş etme arttıkça depresyon azalırken, duygu odaklı baş etme arttıkça depresyon artmıştır. Bulgular, COVID-19 pandemisinin psikolojik sonuçları ve ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Kontrol odağı, Stresle baş etme, Depresyon, COVID-19, Pandemi

DEPRESSION AND LOCUS OF CONTROL: THE MULTIPLE MEDIATING ROLE OF STRESS COPING STRATEGIES

Abstract

There is a need to identify possible protective factors against the psychological problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and make recommendations for future studies. The present study examines the mediating role of stress coping strategies in the relationship between locus of control and depression level. Research data were collected from 189 university students at the beginning of the pandemic process. Data were collected through the Internal and External Locus of Control Scale, Stress Coping Styles Scale, and the Continuous Depression Inventory. Research hypotheses were analyzed by Bootstrapping method. According to the study results, problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping strategies mediate the relationship between locus of control and depression. The direct predictive power of the locus of control disappeared as include these mediator variables in the model. The increases in the external locus of control decreased problem-focused coping and increased emotion-focused coping. Depression decreased as problem-focused coping increased and increased as emotion-focused coping increased. Findings discussed in the context of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the relevant literature.

References

• Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L. ve Ahmad, A. (2020). Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems, Asian Journal Of Psychiatry,102092.
• Anderson, C. R. (1977). Locus of control, coping behaviors, and performance in a stress setting: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 446-451.
• Aryee, S., Luk, V., Leung, A. ve Lo, S. (1999). Role stressors, interrole conflict, and well-being: The moderating ınfluence of spousal support and coping behaviors among employed parents in Hong Kong. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2): 259-278.
• Atak, H. ve Çok, F. (2010). İnsan yaşamında yeni bir dönem: Beliren yetişkinlik. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17(1), 39-50.
• Cheng, C., Cheung, S., Chio, J. H. ve Chan, M. S. (2013). Cultural meaning of perceived control: A meta-analysis of locus of control and psychological symptoms across 18 cultural regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 152-188.
• Chew, Q. H., Wei, K. C., Vasoo, S., Chua, H. C. ve Sim, K. (2020). Narrative synthesis of psychological and coping responses towards emerging ınfectious disease outbreaks in the general population: practical considerations for the COVID-19 pandemic. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 61(7), 350-356.
• Cong, C. W., Ling, W. S. ve Aun, T. S. (2019). Problem-focused coping and depression among adolescents: Mediating effect of self-esteem. Current Psychology, 1-8.
• Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Dağ, İ. (1991). Rotter’in iç-dış kontrol odağı ölçeği (RİDKOÖ)’nin üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Psikoloji Dergisi. 7(26): 10-16.
• Dijkstra, M. T., Beersma, B. ve Evers, A. (2011). Reducing conflict-related employee strain: The benefits of an internal locus of control and a problem-solving conflict management strategy. Work & Stress, 25(2), 167-184.
• Endler, N. S. ve Parker, J. D. (1990). Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 844–854.
• Folkman, S. ve Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
• Fortes-Ferreira, F. L., Peiro, J. M. ve Gonzalez-Morales, M. G. (2006). Work‐related stress and well‐being: The roles of direct action coping and palliative coping. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47(4), 293-302.
• Grossi, G. (1999). Coping and emotional distress in a sample of Swedish unemployed. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 40(3),157-165.
• Hammen, C. (2005). Stress and depression. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol, 1, 293-319.
• Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1): 4-40.
• Hobfoll, S. E., Dunahoo, C. L., Ben-Porath, Y. ve Monnier, J. (1994). Gender and coping: The dual‐axis model of coping. American Journal of Community psychology, 22(1), 49-82.
• Huang, L., Lei, W., Xu, F., Liu, H. ve Yu, L. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies in nurses and nursing students during Covid-19 outbreak: A comparative study. PLoS One, 15(8), e0237303.
• Kang, Y. (2009). Role of health locus of control between uncertainty and uncertainty appraisal among patients with atrial fibrillation. Western Journal Of Nursing Research, 31(2), 187-200.
• Karaşar, B. ve Canlı, D. (2020). Psychological resilience and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(2), 273-279.
• Kesavayuth, D., Poyago-Theotoky, J. ve Zikos, V. (2020). Locus of control, health and healthcare utilization. Economic Modelling, 86, 227-238.
• Kulaksızoğlu, A. (1997). Ergenlik psikolojisi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
• Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C. ve Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3165.
• Monat, A., Averill, J. R. ve Lazarus, R. S. (1972). Anticipatory stress and coping reactions under various conditions of uncertainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(2), 237–253.
• Özdin, S. ve Bayrak, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511.
• Özer, A. K. ve Özer, S. (2006) Durumsal-sürekli depresyon ölçeğinin faktöriyel alt yapısı. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi. 7(2): 210-217.
• Pakpour, A. H. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders, 2(1), 58-63.
• Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066.
• Rick, J. ve Guppy, A. (1994). Coping strategies and mental health in white collar public sector employees. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 121-137.
• Rodriguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H. ve Collado, S. (2020). Psychological impact and associated factors during the initial stage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1540.
• Roncancio, A. M., Berenson, A. B. ve Rahman, M. (2012). Health locus of control, acculturation, and health-related Internet use among Latinas. Journal of Health Communication, 17(6), 631-640.
• Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1–28.
• Rotter, J. B. (1975).Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 56-67.
• Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing: serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-12.
• Savaşır, I. ve Şahin, N. (1997). Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler. Ankara: Özyurt Matbaacılık.
• Scrimin, S., Haynes, M., Altoe, G., Bornstein, M. H. ve Axia, G. (2009). Anxiety and stress in mothers and fathers in the 24 h after their child's surgery. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(2), 227-233.
• Sigurvinsdottir, R., Thorisdottir, I. E. ve Gylfason, H. F. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on mental health: The role of locus on control and internet use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 6985.
• Smari, J., Arason, E., Hafsteinsson, H. ve Ingimarsson, S. (1997). Unemployment, coping and psychological distress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38(2), 151-156.
• Sønderskov, K. M., Dinesen, P. T., Santini, Z. I. ve Østergaard, S. D. (2020). The depressive state of Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 32(4), 226-228.
• Spielberger C. D., Ritterband L. M., Reheiser, E. C. ve Brunner T. M. (2003). The nature and measurement of depression. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 3, 209-234.
• Şahin, N. H. ve Durak, A. (1995). Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 56-73.
• Tunç-Aksan, A. ve Gizir, C. A. (2019). Meme kanseri tanısı almış kadınların hastalık temsilleri ve başa çıkma tarzları ile kaygı ve depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9(54), 623-658.
• Zakowski, S. G. (1995). The effects of stressor predictability on lymphocyte proliferation in humans. Psychology and Health, 10(5), 409-425.