Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Ahıska Türklerinin Ana Vatana Geri Dönüş Sürecinde Avrupa Konseyi’nin Rolü Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2025, Issue: 22, 94 - 105, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.29157/etusbed.1559328

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Ahıska Türklerinin ana vatanları olan günümüz Gürcistan’daki Ahıska’ya (Samtshe-Cavahetya olarak bilinen) geri dönüş sürecinde Avrupa Konseyi’nin rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ahıska Türkleri 1944 yılında Joseph Stalin’in emriyle Orta Asya’ya sürülmüştür. Sovyet dönemi boyunca Ahıska Türklerinin ana vatanlarına geri dönme girişimleri Sovyet makamları tarafından engellenmiştir. Sovyetler Birliği’nin 1991’de dağılmasından sonra bağımsızlığını yeni kazanan Gürcistan, birçok başkanlık kararnamesi yayınlamasına rağmen çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı geri dönüş sürecini organize etmeyi başaramamıştır. Gürcistan’ın 1999 yılında Avrupa Konseyi’ne şartlı üye olması, Ahıska Türklerinin ana vatana geri dönüş sürecinde bir dönüm noktası olmuş, şartlardan biri Gürcistan’ın Ahıska Türklerinin geri dönüşünü sağlamasını gerektirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Avrupa Konseyi’nin Gürcistan’ı 2007 Geri Dönüş Yasası’nı çıkarmaya teşvik etmede aktif bir rol oynamasına rağmen, yasanın uygulanmasını izlemede ve geri dönüş sürecindeki sorunların giderilmesi için Gürcistan’ı harekete geçirmede nispeten başarısız olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ayrıca, çok az sayıda Ahıska Türkünün geri dönüş sürecinden faydalanmış olmasına rağmen, Avrupa Konseyi’nin Gürcistan’ı bu süreci başarıyla tamamlamış ve Konsey’e katılırken üstlendiği taahhüt ve yükümlülükleri yerine getirmiş olarak gördüğünü iddia etmektedir.

References

  • Asker, A. (2016). “Gürcistan’da Din-Devlet veya Kilise-Siyaset İlişkisinin Zorlukları”. Gürsoy Akça, İlbal Vurucu and Ayça Günkut Vurucu (Eds.), Doğudan Batıya Devletler Toplumlar Farklılıklar, Aygan Yayıncılık, 47-76.
  • Avşar, B. Z. and Tunçalp, Z. S. (1994). Sürgünde 50. yıl Ahıska Türkleri. Ankara: Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Yayınları.
  • Aydıngün, A. (2002). Ahıska (Meskhetian) Turks: Source of conflict in the Caucasus. The International Journal of Human Rights, 6(2), 49-64.
  • Aydıngün, A. and Asker, A. (2012). “Gürcistan De Jure Uniter, De Facto Parçalı”. İsmail Aydıngün and Çiğdem Balım (Eds.), Bağımsızlıklarının Yirmincı Yılında Azerbaycan, Gürcistan ve Ukrayna, Türk Dilli Halklar, Türkiye ile İlişkiler, Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi, 117-207.
  • Aydıngün, A. and Aydıngün, İ. (2014). Ahıska Türkleri: Ulusötesi Bir Topluluk - Ulusötesi Aileler. Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi.
  • Aydıngün, A. (2016). “Etnik Bir Demokraside Müslüman Azınlık Olmak: Yeni Başlangıçlar Mümkün Mü?”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 405-424.
  • Baratashvili, M. (1998). Legal state of Meskh repatriates in Georgia. Tbilisi: Union of Georgian Repatriates.
  • Beyoğlu, Ö. (Ed.) (2019). 1944 Ahıska: Son Tanıklar. İstanbul: Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı.
  • Biletska, Y. and Tuncel, K. T. (2016). “Ahıska Türklerinin Gürcistan’a Geri Dönüşü ve ‘Ermeni Faktörü’”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 319-346.
  • Biletska, Y. (2024). Minorities confront ethno-religious nationalism in an ethnic democracy: The case of Georgia. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 24 (1), 39-48.
  • Bougai, N. (1996). The deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union. New York: Nova Publishers.
  • Buntürk, S. (2007). Rus Türk mücadelesi’nde Ahıska Türkleri. Ankara: Berikan Yayınevi.
  • Civil Georgia (December 31, 2001). “CoE to Evaluate Progress of Meskhetian Repatriation”. https://civil.ge/archives/100891 (August 8, 2024).
  • Civil Georgia (November 22, 2004). “Meskhetians’s Repatriation Issue Still Remains Unsolved”. https://civil.ge/archives/106644 (August 23, 2024).
  • CoE. Monitoring bodies of the Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/monitoring-bodies (August 3, 2024).
  • CoE (1999). Georgia’s application for membership of the Council of Europe-Opinion 209. https://pace.coe.int/en/files/16669/html (August 1, 2024).
  • CoE (2001a). Doc.9042-Annual Report- October 15th 1999 to April 1st 2001. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref (August 3, 2024).
  • CoE (2001b). Honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 1257. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=16941&lang=en (August 8, 2024).
  • CoE (2002). Situation of refugees and displaced persons in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia-Doc.9480. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=9761&lang=EN (August 13, 2024).
  • CoE (2003). Follow-up Report to the Recommendations of the Commissioner for Human Rights Following His Visit to Georgia, from 1 to 10 June 2000. https://rm.coe.int/16806db6e8 (August 13, 2024).
  • CoE (2004). Honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Doc.10383. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=10747&lang=EN (September 3, 2024).
  • CoE (2005). The situation of the deported Meskhetian population-Resolution 1428. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17312&lang=en (August 14, 2024).
  • CoE (2006). Implementation of Resolution 1415 (2005) on the honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 1477. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17398&lang=en (August 21, 2024).
  • CoE (2008). Honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia-Report- Doc. 11502 rev. https://pace.coe.int/en/files/11849/html (August 22, 2024).
  • CoE (2011). The honouring obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 1801. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-EN.asp?fileid=17976&lang=en (August 26, 2024).
  • CoE (2014). The functioning of democratic institutions in Georgia- Resolution 2015(2014) Final Version. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=21275&lang=en (September 3, 2024).
  • CoE (2022). The honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 2438 (2022). https://pace.coe.int/en/files/30031/html (August 13, 2024).
  • Conquest, R. (1970). The nation killers: The Soviet deportation of nationalities. Glasgow: Macmillan.
  • Dolidze, A. (2023). “Repatriation of Muslim Georgians: Mission Accomplished?”. Religions, 14 (7), 1-12.
  • ECRI (2002a). First Report on Georgia-Report. https://rm.coe.int/first-report-on-georgia/16808b576c (August 1, 2024).
  • ECRI (2002b). First Report on Georgia-Government Comments. https://rm.coe.int/government-comments-on-the-first-report-on-georgia/16808b5776 (August 1, 2024).
  • ECRI (2007). Second Report on Georgia- Report. https://rm.coe.int/second-report-on-georgia/16808b576e (August 22, 2024).
  • ECRI (2010). Third Report on Georgia- Report. https://rm.coe.int/third-report-on-georgia/16808b5770 (July 29, 2024).
  • ECRI (2013). Conclusions. https://rm.coe.int/interim-follow-up-conclusions-on-georgia-4th-monitoring-cycle/16808b577d (August 30, 2024).
  • ECRI (2016). Fourth Report on Georgia-Report. https://rm.coe.int/fourth-report-on-georgia/16808b5773 (August 30, 2024).
  • FCNM (2009). First Cycle-Opinion. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168008bd56 (July 29, 2024).
  • FCNM (2019a). Third Cycle-Opinion. https://rm.coe.int/3rd-op-georgia-en/1680969b56 (August 30, 2024).
  • FCNM (2019b). Third Cycle-Government comments. https://rm.coe.int/3rd-com-georgia-en/168096d739 (September 3, 2024).
  • FCNM (2022). Fourth Cycle- State Report. https://rm.coe.int/4th-sr-georgia-en/1680a78b0c (September 3, 2024).
  • FCNM (2024a). Fourth Cycle- Government Comments. https://rm.coe.int/4th-com-georgia-en/1680b08a34 (August 1, 2024).
  • FCNM (2024b). Fourth Cycle- Opinion. https://rm.coe.int/4th-op-georgia-en/1680b08a31 (September 4, 2024).
  • Gürsoy, H. E. and Biletska, Y. (2016). “Azınlık Haklarına Kuramsal Bir Bakış ve Bir Etnik Demokrasi Örneği Olarak Gürcistan”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 49-81.
  • Gürsoy, H. E. and Tulun, M. O. (2016). “Post-Sovyet Gürcistan’da Azınlık Hakları: Ulusal ve Uluslararası Mevzuat, Devlet Politikası ve Resmi Görüş”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 83-121.
  • Keskin, S. (2019). The repatriation process of Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks to their homeland in Georgia: Challenges and prospects (Master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara.
  • Keskin, S. and Gürsoy, H. E. (2017). Sovyet ve Sovyet Sonrası Dönemde Ahıska Türklerinin Karşılaştıkları İnsan Hakları İhlalleri ve Ayrımcılıklar. Uluslararası Suçlar ve Tarih, 18, 13-47.
  • Keskin, S. and Anaç, Ö. (2016). “Ahıska Türklerinin 1944 Sürgününden Günümüze Gürcistan’a Geri Dönüş Mücadelesi ve 2007 yılına Kadar Dönenlerin Durumu”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 275-294.
  • Keskin, S., Tulun, M. O., and Yılmaz, A. (2016). “2007 Geri Dönüş Yasası ve Ahıska Türklerinin Gürcistan’a Geri Dönüş Sürecindeki Son Durum”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 295-318.
  • Khazanov, A. M. (1995). After the USSR: Ethnicity, nationalism and politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Kreindler, I. (1986). “The Soviet deported nationalities: A summary and update”. Soviet Studies, 38 (3), 387-405.
  • Open Society Institute (1998). Meskhetian Turks: Solutions and Human Security. Publisher: Forced Migration Projects, Open Society Institute.
  • Polian, P. (2004). Against Their Will: The History and Geography of Forced Migration in the USSR. Budapest: Central European University Press.
  • Sumbadze, N. (2007). “Back Home Again: The Repatriation and Integration of Meskhetian Muslims in Georgia”. Tom Trier and Andrei Khanzhin(Eds.), The Meskhetian Turks at a Crossroads-Integration, Repatriation or Resettlement?, Berlin:LIT Verlag, 288-339.
  • Tolz, V. (1991). “New information about the deportation of ethnic groups under Stalin”. Report on the USSR, 3 (11), 16-20.
  • Trier, T., Tarkhan-Mouravi, G. and Kilimnik, F. (2011). Meskhetians: Homeward bound... Georgia: European Center for Minority Issues (ECMI).
  • Uravelli, O. (2011). “Sovyet Resmî Belgelerinde Ahıska Sürgünü”. Bizim Ahıska, (16), 8-12.
  • Üren, M. (2016). Kimlik, Çıkar ve Jeopolitik Ekseninde Ahıska Türkleri Sorunu. İstanbul: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
  • Yunusov, A. (2007). “Consolidating a national identity in exile: The Meskhetian Turks in Azerbaijan”. Tom Trier and Andrei Khanzhin (Eds.), The Meskhetian Turks at a crossroads: Integration, repatriation or resettlement? Berlin: LIT Verlag, 172-196.

An Evaluation of the Role of the Council of Europe (CoE) in the Repatriation Process of Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks

Year 2025, Issue: 22, 94 - 105, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.29157/etusbed.1559328

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the role of the Council of Europe (CoE) in the repatriation process of the Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks to their homeland, Akhaltsikhe (named Samtskhe-Javakheti in Georgian), in modern Georgia. In 1944, Ahıska Turks were deported to Central Asia on the order of Joseph Stalin. Throughout the Soviet era, the attempts of Ahıska Turks to return to their homeland were prevented by the Soviet authorities. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the newly independent Georgia did not succeed in organizing the repatriation process due to various reasons, despite the promulgation of several presidential decrees. The conditional membership of Georgia to the CoE in 1999 marked a turning point in the repatriation process of Ahıska Turks, as one of the conditions required Georgia to provide the repatriation of Ahıska Turks. This study argues that while the CoE played an active role in encouraging Georgia to enact the 2007 Repatriation Law, it relatively failed to monitor the implementation of the law and to move Georgia for addressing problems in the repatriation process. This study also claims that, although a very small number of Ahıska Turks have benefited from the repatriation process, the CoE appears to consider Georgia as having successfully completed this process and fulfilled the commitments and obligations it undertook upon joining the Council.

References

  • Asker, A. (2016). “Gürcistan’da Din-Devlet veya Kilise-Siyaset İlişkisinin Zorlukları”. Gürsoy Akça, İlbal Vurucu and Ayça Günkut Vurucu (Eds.), Doğudan Batıya Devletler Toplumlar Farklılıklar, Aygan Yayıncılık, 47-76.
  • Avşar, B. Z. and Tunçalp, Z. S. (1994). Sürgünde 50. yıl Ahıska Türkleri. Ankara: Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Yayınları.
  • Aydıngün, A. (2002). Ahıska (Meskhetian) Turks: Source of conflict in the Caucasus. The International Journal of Human Rights, 6(2), 49-64.
  • Aydıngün, A. and Asker, A. (2012). “Gürcistan De Jure Uniter, De Facto Parçalı”. İsmail Aydıngün and Çiğdem Balım (Eds.), Bağımsızlıklarının Yirmincı Yılında Azerbaycan, Gürcistan ve Ukrayna, Türk Dilli Halklar, Türkiye ile İlişkiler, Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi, 117-207.
  • Aydıngün, A. and Aydıngün, İ. (2014). Ahıska Türkleri: Ulusötesi Bir Topluluk - Ulusötesi Aileler. Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi.
  • Aydıngün, A. (2016). “Etnik Bir Demokraside Müslüman Azınlık Olmak: Yeni Başlangıçlar Mümkün Mü?”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 405-424.
  • Baratashvili, M. (1998). Legal state of Meskh repatriates in Georgia. Tbilisi: Union of Georgian Repatriates.
  • Beyoğlu, Ö. (Ed.) (2019). 1944 Ahıska: Son Tanıklar. İstanbul: Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı.
  • Biletska, Y. and Tuncel, K. T. (2016). “Ahıska Türklerinin Gürcistan’a Geri Dönüşü ve ‘Ermeni Faktörü’”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 319-346.
  • Biletska, Y. (2024). Minorities confront ethno-religious nationalism in an ethnic democracy: The case of Georgia. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 24 (1), 39-48.
  • Bougai, N. (1996). The deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union. New York: Nova Publishers.
  • Buntürk, S. (2007). Rus Türk mücadelesi’nde Ahıska Türkleri. Ankara: Berikan Yayınevi.
  • Civil Georgia (December 31, 2001). “CoE to Evaluate Progress of Meskhetian Repatriation”. https://civil.ge/archives/100891 (August 8, 2024).
  • Civil Georgia (November 22, 2004). “Meskhetians’s Repatriation Issue Still Remains Unsolved”. https://civil.ge/archives/106644 (August 23, 2024).
  • CoE. Monitoring bodies of the Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/monitoring-bodies (August 3, 2024).
  • CoE (1999). Georgia’s application for membership of the Council of Europe-Opinion 209. https://pace.coe.int/en/files/16669/html (August 1, 2024).
  • CoE (2001a). Doc.9042-Annual Report- October 15th 1999 to April 1st 2001. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref (August 3, 2024).
  • CoE (2001b). Honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 1257. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=16941&lang=en (August 8, 2024).
  • CoE (2002). Situation of refugees and displaced persons in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia-Doc.9480. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=9761&lang=EN (August 13, 2024).
  • CoE (2003). Follow-up Report to the Recommendations of the Commissioner for Human Rights Following His Visit to Georgia, from 1 to 10 June 2000. https://rm.coe.int/16806db6e8 (August 13, 2024).
  • CoE (2004). Honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Doc.10383. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=10747&lang=EN (September 3, 2024).
  • CoE (2005). The situation of the deported Meskhetian population-Resolution 1428. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17312&lang=en (August 14, 2024).
  • CoE (2006). Implementation of Resolution 1415 (2005) on the honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 1477. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17398&lang=en (August 21, 2024).
  • CoE (2008). Honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia-Report- Doc. 11502 rev. https://pace.coe.int/en/files/11849/html (August 22, 2024).
  • CoE (2011). The honouring obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 1801. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-EN.asp?fileid=17976&lang=en (August 26, 2024).
  • CoE (2014). The functioning of democratic institutions in Georgia- Resolution 2015(2014) Final Version. https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=21275&lang=en (September 3, 2024).
  • CoE (2022). The honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia- Resolution 2438 (2022). https://pace.coe.int/en/files/30031/html (August 13, 2024).
  • Conquest, R. (1970). The nation killers: The Soviet deportation of nationalities. Glasgow: Macmillan.
  • Dolidze, A. (2023). “Repatriation of Muslim Georgians: Mission Accomplished?”. Religions, 14 (7), 1-12.
  • ECRI (2002a). First Report on Georgia-Report. https://rm.coe.int/first-report-on-georgia/16808b576c (August 1, 2024).
  • ECRI (2002b). First Report on Georgia-Government Comments. https://rm.coe.int/government-comments-on-the-first-report-on-georgia/16808b5776 (August 1, 2024).
  • ECRI (2007). Second Report on Georgia- Report. https://rm.coe.int/second-report-on-georgia/16808b576e (August 22, 2024).
  • ECRI (2010). Third Report on Georgia- Report. https://rm.coe.int/third-report-on-georgia/16808b5770 (July 29, 2024).
  • ECRI (2013). Conclusions. https://rm.coe.int/interim-follow-up-conclusions-on-georgia-4th-monitoring-cycle/16808b577d (August 30, 2024).
  • ECRI (2016). Fourth Report on Georgia-Report. https://rm.coe.int/fourth-report-on-georgia/16808b5773 (August 30, 2024).
  • FCNM (2009). First Cycle-Opinion. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168008bd56 (July 29, 2024).
  • FCNM (2019a). Third Cycle-Opinion. https://rm.coe.int/3rd-op-georgia-en/1680969b56 (August 30, 2024).
  • FCNM (2019b). Third Cycle-Government comments. https://rm.coe.int/3rd-com-georgia-en/168096d739 (September 3, 2024).
  • FCNM (2022). Fourth Cycle- State Report. https://rm.coe.int/4th-sr-georgia-en/1680a78b0c (September 3, 2024).
  • FCNM (2024a). Fourth Cycle- Government Comments. https://rm.coe.int/4th-com-georgia-en/1680b08a34 (August 1, 2024).
  • FCNM (2024b). Fourth Cycle- Opinion. https://rm.coe.int/4th-op-georgia-en/1680b08a31 (September 4, 2024).
  • Gürsoy, H. E. and Biletska, Y. (2016). “Azınlık Haklarına Kuramsal Bir Bakış ve Bir Etnik Demokrasi Örneği Olarak Gürcistan”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 49-81.
  • Gürsoy, H. E. and Tulun, M. O. (2016). “Post-Sovyet Gürcistan’da Azınlık Hakları: Ulusal ve Uluslararası Mevzuat, Devlet Politikası ve Resmi Görüş”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 83-121.
  • Keskin, S. (2019). The repatriation process of Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks to their homeland in Georgia: Challenges and prospects (Master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara.
  • Keskin, S. and Gürsoy, H. E. (2017). Sovyet ve Sovyet Sonrası Dönemde Ahıska Türklerinin Karşılaştıkları İnsan Hakları İhlalleri ve Ayrımcılıklar. Uluslararası Suçlar ve Tarih, 18, 13-47.
  • Keskin, S. and Anaç, Ö. (2016). “Ahıska Türklerinin 1944 Sürgününden Günümüze Gürcistan’a Geri Dönüş Mücadelesi ve 2007 yılına Kadar Dönenlerin Durumu”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 275-294.
  • Keskin, S., Tulun, M. O., and Yılmaz, A. (2016). “2007 Geri Dönüş Yasası ve Ahıska Türklerinin Gürcistan’a Geri Dönüş Sürecindeki Son Durum”. Ayşegül Aydıngün, Ali Asker, and Aslan Yavuz Şir (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Topluluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 295-318.
  • Khazanov, A. M. (1995). After the USSR: Ethnicity, nationalism and politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Kreindler, I. (1986). “The Soviet deported nationalities: A summary and update”. Soviet Studies, 38 (3), 387-405.
  • Open Society Institute (1998). Meskhetian Turks: Solutions and Human Security. Publisher: Forced Migration Projects, Open Society Institute.
  • Polian, P. (2004). Against Their Will: The History and Geography of Forced Migration in the USSR. Budapest: Central European University Press.
  • Sumbadze, N. (2007). “Back Home Again: The Repatriation and Integration of Meskhetian Muslims in Georgia”. Tom Trier and Andrei Khanzhin(Eds.), The Meskhetian Turks at a Crossroads-Integration, Repatriation or Resettlement?, Berlin:LIT Verlag, 288-339.
  • Tolz, V. (1991). “New information about the deportation of ethnic groups under Stalin”. Report on the USSR, 3 (11), 16-20.
  • Trier, T., Tarkhan-Mouravi, G. and Kilimnik, F. (2011). Meskhetians: Homeward bound... Georgia: European Center for Minority Issues (ECMI).
  • Uravelli, O. (2011). “Sovyet Resmî Belgelerinde Ahıska Sürgünü”. Bizim Ahıska, (16), 8-12.
  • Üren, M. (2016). Kimlik, Çıkar ve Jeopolitik Ekseninde Ahıska Türkleri Sorunu. İstanbul: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
  • Yunusov, A. (2007). “Consolidating a national identity in exile: The Meskhetian Turks in Azerbaijan”. Tom Trier and Andrei Khanzhin (Eds.), The Meskhetian Turks at a crossroads: Integration, repatriation or resettlement? Berlin: LIT Verlag, 172-196.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Serhat Keskin 0000-0002-5654-9591

Early Pub Date May 29, 2025
Publication Date May 31, 2025
Submission Date October 1, 2024
Acceptance Date April 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 22

Cite

APA Keskin, S. (2025). An Evaluation of the Role of the Council of Europe (CoE) in the Repatriation Process of Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(22), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.29157/etusbed.1559328