Adaptation of Distributed Leadership Scale into Turkish: The Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to adapt “Distributed Leadership Scale” originally developed by Davis into Turkish Language. A total of 386 participants including teachers employed in high schools in Tokat participated in the study. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to test the structural validity of the scale. EFA results illustrated that adapted scale consisted of seven factors. In the light of the original scale form, these factors were named as “School Organization”, “School Vision”, “School Culture”, “Instructional Program”, “Artifacts”, “Teacher Leadership”, “Principal Leadership”. The scale consisted of 34 items and reliability coefficients for the subscales from .75 and .92. Results finally revealed that Distributed Leadership Scale-Turkish Adapted Form is a valid and reliable measurement tool to be used in describing the distributed leadership behaviors in schools.

Keywords

• Distributed leadership, distributed leadership scale, validity and reliability

References

1. Bakir, A. (2013). Ogretmenlerin paylasilan liderlik ve orgutsel baglilik algilari arasindaki iliskinin analizi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Inonu Universitesi, Egitim Bilimleri Enstitusu, Malatya.
2. Baloglu, N. (2011). Dagitimci liderlik uygulamalari: Eklektik bir tasarim calismasi. Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty, 12(4), 163- 181.
3. Baloglu, N. (2011). Dagitimci liderlik: Okullarda dikkate alinmasi gereken bir liderlik yaklasimi. Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty, 12(3), 127- 148.
4. Bennett, N. Wise, C. Woods, P. A and Harvey, J. A. (2003). Distributed leadeship: a rewiev of literature. London, UK: National College for School Leadership.
5. Bolden, R. (2007). Distributed leadership. In Marturano, A. & Gosling, J. (Eds), Leadership, the Key Concepts. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
6. Buyukozturk, S. (2014). Sosyal bilimler icin veri analizi el kitabi. Ankara, Turkey: Pegem Akademi.
7. Cartwright, D. (1965). Influence, leadership, control. Handbook of organizations, (pp. 1-47).
8. Davis, M. W. (2009). Distributed leadership and school performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The School of Education and Human Development, George Washington University, USA

9. Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership, Albert Shanker Institute Washington, DC.
10. Engestrom, Y. (1987). Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to development research. Heslinki, Finland: Orienta-Konsultit Oy.
11. Ergun, M. Ozsuer, S. (2006). Vygotsky‟nin yeniden degerlendirilmesi. Afyon Karahisar Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2, 269-292.
12. Gall, M. D. Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (1996). Educational research: An introduction. Longman Publishing.
13. Gibb, C. A. (1954). Leadership, In , D. Cartwrights (Ed), Studies in Social Power (pp. 118-149). Michigan: Institute for social research, University of Michigan.
14. Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: a new architechure for leadership. Educational Management ve Administration, 28(3), 317–38.
15. Gronn, P. (2003). The new work of educational leaders: Changing leadership practice in an era of school reform. London, UK: Thousand Oaks,
16. Hair, J. F. Black, W. C. Babin, B. J. Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
17. Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributed leadership: Heresy, fantasy or possibility? School Leadership And Management, 23 (3), 313-324.
18. Hulpia, H. Devos, G., & Rosseel Y. (2009). The relationship between the perception of distributed leadership in secondary schools and teachers' and teacher leaders' job satisfaction and organizational commitment, School Effectiveness and School Improvement. An International Journal of Research, Policy and Practice, 20 (3), 291-317.
19. Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1977). Orgutlerin toplumsal psikolojisi. (H. Can, Y. Bayar, Trans.). Ankara: TODAI Yayinlari.
20. Kayri, M. ve Gunuc, S. (2009). Internet bagimlilik olceginin Turkceye uyarlanmasi: Gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi. Ankara Universitesi Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Dergisi, (42), 175-185.
21. Kline, P. (2000). An easy guide to factor analysis. New York: Routledge.
22. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
23. Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2001). Bringing leadership lessons from the past into the future. The future of leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
24. Mintzberg, H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. New York: Harper Row.
25. O’Connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers, 32, 396-402.
26. Ozdamar, K. (2004). Paket Programlar Icin Istatistiksel Veri Analizi (5th ed.) Eskisehir, Turkey: Kaan Kitabevi.
27. Ozer, N., & Beycioglu, K. (2010). The relationship between teacher professional development and burnout. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4928-4932.
28. Spillane, J. P. Halverson, R., & Diamond J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: a distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, (30), 23-33.
29. Spillane, J. P. Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies.
30. Sumer, N. (2000). Yapisal esitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve ornek uygulamalar. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari, 3(6), 49-74.
31. Sahin, M. Ugur, C. Dincel, S. Balikci, A., & Karadag, E. (2014). Dagitimci Liderlik Olcegi’nin Turkceye Uyarlanmasi, Dil Gecerligi ve On Psikometrik Incelenmesi. Egitimde Politika Analizi, 3(2), 19-30.
32. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th edition). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
33. Tastan, M., & Oguz, E. (2013). Ilkogretim ogretmenleri icin dagitimci liderlik olceginin gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi. Kafkas Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi, (11), 103-124.
34. Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in action: Social science bases of administrative theory. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction publishers.
35. Watson, S. T. (2005). Teacher collaboration and school reform: distributing leadership through the use of professional learning teams (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri Columbia, USA.