Examining the Relationship between Referee Performance and Self-Efficacy

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between basketball referees' performance scores gained during a season and their self-efficacy levels. The study was conducted in correlational design and the accessible sampling method was used for the sample selection. The sample of the study consisted of 64 Class-B referees (2% (n=3) were females and 98% (n=61) were males) who actively served in the 2016-2017 season within Turkish Basketball Federation. A demographic information form, "The Referee Self-Efficacy Scale" developed by Karacam and Pulur, and performance scores calculated by the Central Arbitration Committee of Turkish Basketball Federation were used as data collection tools. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 21 and AMOS programs. The Pearson-Product Moments Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the relationships between the variables. As a result, a positive significant relationship was found between basketball referees' physical fitness, game knowledge, decision-making, pressure, communication, REFS total score, and their performance scores and the variables age and the number of matches refereed. Moreover, a positive significant relationship was found between basketball referees' physical fitness, game knowledge, decision-making, pressure, communication, and REFS total score and their performance scores.

Keywords

• Basketball referees,referee self-efficacy,self-efficacy,referee performance,referees

References

1. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
2. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
4. Catteeuw, P., Helsen, W., Gilis, B., & Wagemans, J. (2009). Decision-making skills, role specificity, and deliberate practice in association football refereeing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11), 1125–1136.
5. Dosseville, F., Laborde, S., Raab, M., & others. (2011). Contextual and personal motor experience effects in judo referees’ decisions. Sport Psychologist, 25(1), 67-81.
6. Ekmekci, R. (2008). Determining the source and coping style of stress among basketball referees and developing preventative administrative practices (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Abant Izzet Baysal Universty, Bolu, Turkey.
7. Ekmekci, R. (2016). Psychological preparation in refereeing. Ankara: Detay Publication.
8. Farshad, T., Esmaeili, M. R., & Bavandpour, R. (2013). The effect of self-efficacy on job satisfaction of sport referees. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(2), 219-225.

9. Feltz, D.L., Short, S.E., & Sullivan, P.J. (2008). Self-efficacy in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
10. Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
11. Guillén, F., & Feltz, D. L. (2011). A conceptual model of referee efficacy. Frontiers in psychology, 2, 1-5.
12. Hepler, T. J., & Feltz, D. L. (2012). Take the first heuristic, self-efficacy, and decision-making in sport. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18(2), 154.
13. Karacam A. & Pulur A. (2016). Identification the Relation between Active Basketball Classification Referees' Empathetic Tendencies and Their Problem Solving Abilities. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(8), 1912 – 1917 doi:10.13189/ujer.2016.040822
14. Karacam, A., & Pulur, A. (2017a). Adaptation study of referee self-efficacy scale (REFS) to Turkish. Nigde Universty Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 11(1), 118-128.
15. Karacam, A., & Pulur A. (2017b). Examining the relationship between referee self-efficacy and general self-efficacy levels of basketball referees in terms of certain variables. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(8), 37-45 doi:10.11114/jets.v5i8.2450.
16. Karacam, A., & Pulur A. (2017c). Examining the relationship between referee self-efficacy and general self-efficacy levels of football, basketball and handball referees. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(9), 1571-1579. doi: 10.13189/ujer.2017.050914
17. Karacam, A , Pulur, A . (2018). The Zest for Work Scale for Referees: Validity and Reliability Study-ZWSR. Gaziantep Universty Journal Of Sports Sciences, 3(2), 35-45. doi: 10.31680/gaunjss.416737
18. Myers, N. D., Feltz, D. L., Guillén, F., & Dithurbide, L. (2012). Development of, and initial validity evidence for, the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale: A multistudy report. Journal of sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(6), 737-765.
19. Pizzera, A., & Raab, M. (2012). Perceptual judgments of sports officials are influenced by their motor and visual experience. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24(1), 59–72.
20. Spencer, B. D. (2015). Self-efficacy and performance in volleyball referees (Unpublished master’s thesis). Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.
21. Tuero, C., Tabernero, B., Marquez, S., & Guillen, F. (2002). Análisis de los factores que influyen en la práctica del arbitraje [Analysis of the factors affecting the practice of refereeing]. SCAPE, 1(1), 7–16.