Bullying toward Teachers and Classroom Management Skills
Year 2019,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 647 - 657, 15.04.2019
Ruchan Uz
Merve Bayraktar
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine students’ bullying toward teachers and classroom management skills in terms of various variables. The sample of the study consisted of 422 participant teachers. The ‘Bullying toward Teachers Questionnaire’ and ‘Classroom Management Skills Scale’ were used as data collection instruments. According to the results, it was determined that 57.2% of participant teachers have not been bullied whereas 42.8 % have been bullied by their students. The teachers who have been bullied by their students were mostly woman, had undergraduate degrees and more than 16 years of teaching experience. There was no significant difference of teachers’ total scores and two sub-dimension scores of CMSS according to gender, school type, education level and years of experience variables. There were significant differences between bullied and non-bullied teachers’ total scores and two sub-dimension scores obtained from CMSS. It is evident that non-bullied teachers’ mean scores obtained from two sub-dimensions and total scores of CMSS were significantly higher than those of the bullied teachers.
References
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- Allen, K. P. (2010). Clasroom management, bullying and teacher practices. The Professional Educator, 34(1), 1-15.
- Basar, H. (2009). Sinif yonetimi [Classroom management] (15th ed.). Ankara, Turkey: Ani Publication.
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- Bozkurt-Bulut, N. (2004). Ilkogretim sinif ogretmenlerinin iletisim becerilerine iliskin algilarinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Examination of elementary school teachers' perception of communication skills in terms of various variables]. Journal of Turkısh Educational Sciences, 2(4), 443-452.
- Buyukozturk, S. (2007), Sosyal bilimler icin veri analizi el kitabi [Handbook of data analysis for social sciences]. Ankara, Turkey: PegemA Publication.
- Burc, E. D. (2006). Ilkogretim okulu ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi yeterlikleri: Hatay Ili Ornegi [Classroom management competencies of elementary school teachers: Example of Hatay province] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
- Cemaloglu, N. (2007). The relationship between organizational health and bullying that teachers experience in primary schools in Turkey. Educational Research Quarterly, 31(2), 3-28.
- Champell, M., Casey, D., De la Cruz, C., Ferrel, J., Forman, J., Lipkin, R., … Whittaker, S. (2004). Bullying in college by students and teachers. Adolescence, 39(153), 53-64
- Chen, J.-K., & Astor, R. A. (2008). Students' reports of violence against teachers in Taiwanese schools. Journal of School Violence, 8(1), 2-17.
- Cinkir, S., & Karaman-Kepenekci, Y. (2003). Ogrenciler arası zorbalık [Bullying among students]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, (34), 236-253.
- Conn, K. (2004). Bullying and harassment: A legal guide for educators. Alexsandria, VA: ASCD.
- Culha, A. (2014). Egitim fakultesinden mezun olan ogretmenler ile diger fakultelerden mezun olan ogretmenlerin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin karsilastirilmasi [A comparison of classroom management skills of teachers graduated from education faculties and others] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
- Demirtas, H. (2011). Sinif yonetiminin temelleri [Foundations of classroom management]. In H. Kiran (Ed.), Etkili sinif uonetimi [Effective classroom management] (pp. 1-33). Ankara, Turkey: Ani Publication.
- De Wet, C. (2010). Victims of educator-targeted bullying: A qualitative study. South African Journal of Education, 30(2), 189-201. doi: 10.15700/saje.v30n2a341
- De Wet, C. (2012). Risk factors for educator targeted bullying: A social ecological perspective. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 22(2), 239-243. doi: 10.1080/14330237.2012.10820523
- De Wet, N. C., & Jacobs, L. (2006). Educator-targeted bullying: fact or fallacy? Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 19(2), 53-73.
- Erol, Z. (2006). Sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi uygulamalarina iliskin gorusleri [The opinions of classroom teachers about classroom management applications] (Unpublished master's thesis). Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey.
- Freiberg, H. J. (2002). Essential skills for new teachers. Educational Leadership, 59(6), 56-60.
- Greene, M. B. (2006). Bullying in schools: A plea for measure of human rights. Journal of Social Issues, 62(1), 63-79.
- Guven, E. D., & Cevher, F. N. (2005). Okul oncesi ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [An investigation of preschool teachers’ classroom management skills in terms of various variables]. Journal of Pamukkale University Education Faculty, 2(18), 1-22.
- Hall, P. S. (2005). Bullying and the teacher. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 72(1), 45.
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 499-534.
- Kartal, H., & Bilgin, A. (2008). Bullying in the elementary schools: from the aspects of the students, the teachers and the parents. Elementary Education Online, 7(2), 485-495.
- Kartal, H., & Bilgin, A. (2009). Bullying and school climate from the aspects of students and teachers. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, (36), 209-226.
- Kirkpatrick, L., Lincoln, F., & Morrow, L. R. (2006). Assessment of a collaborative teacher preparation program: Voices of interns. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 73(1), 36-45.
- Koc, Z. (2007). Cocuklar ve ergenlerde okul zorbaliginin toplumsal nedenleri [Social causes of school bullying in children and adolescents]. Ilkogretmen Egitimci Dergisi [Journal of Elementary Educator], 12, 32-37.
- Koiv, K. (2015). Changes over a ten-year interval in the prevalence of teacher targeted bullying. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 126-133.
- Korkut, K. (2009). Sinif ogretmenlerinin oz-yeterlilik inanclari ile sinif yonetimi beceri algilari arasindaki iliski [The correlation between level of classroom teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and classroom management ability perceptions] (Unpublished master's thesis). Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
- Kutlu, E. (2006). Sinif ogretmenlerinin goruslerine gore sinif yonetiminde davranis duzenleme surecinin degerlendirilmesi [An evaluation of behavior organization process at classroom management according to the opinions of classroom teachers] (Unpublished master's thesis). Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Mayer, G. R. (2002). Behavioral strategies to reduce school violence. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 24(1/2), 83-100. doi: 10.1300/J019v24n01_06
- Meister, D. G., & Melnick, S. A. (2003). National new teacher study: Beginning teachers’ concerns. Action in Teacher Education, 24(4), 87–94. doi: 10.1080/01626620.2003.10463283
- Monks, C. P., & Smith, P. K. (2006). Definitions of bullying: Age differences in understanding of the term, and the role of experience. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 801-821. doi: 10.1348/026151005X82352
- Mullet, J, H. (2006). The bully within us…as teachers. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 10(3), 95-99.
- Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviours among US yought: Prevelance and association with psychological adjustment. JAMA: Journal of American Medical Association, 285(16), 2094- 2100. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.16.2094
- Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
- Olweus, D. (2003). A profile of bullying at school. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 12-17.
- Ozcan, M. (2012). Sinif baskanlari gozuyle ogretmenlerin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin degerlendirmesi [An evaluation of teachers’ classroom management skills from the class presidents’ perspective]. Egitim Bilimleri Arastirmaları Dergisi [Journal of Educational Sciences Research], 2(1), 73-90.
- Ozkilic, R. (2012). Bullying toward teachers: An example from Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Education Research, (47), 95-112.
- Ozkilic, R. (2014). Students bullying toward teachers and teacher self- efficacy beliefs. Education and Science, 39(175), 256-266. doi: 10.15390/EB.2014.1766
- Pervin, K., & Turner, A. (1998). A study of bullying of teachers by pupils in an inner London school. Pastoral Care in Education, 16(4), 4-10. doi: 10.1111/1468-0122.00104
- Piskin, M. (2002). Okul zorbaligi: Tanim, turleri, iliskili oldugu faktorler ve alinabilecek onlemler [School bullies: definition, types, related factors and preventions]. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 2(2), 531-562.
- Piskin, M. (2010). Examination of Peer Bullying Among Primary and Middle School Children in Ankara. Education and Science, 35(156), 175-189.
- Sawyer, A. L., Bradshaw, C. P., & O’Brennan, L. M. (2008). Examining ethnic, gender, and developmental differences in the way children report being a victim of bullying on self-report measures. Journal of Adolescence Health, 43(2), 106-114.
- Smith, D. C., & Sandhu, D. S. (2004). Toward a positive perspective on violence prevention in schools: Building connections. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(3), 287-293.
- Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R. F., & Liefooghe A. P. D. (2002). Definitions of bullying: A comparison of terms used, and age and gender differences, in a fourteen-country international comparison. Child Development, 73(4), 1119-1133.
- Stoughton, E. H. (2007). “How will I get them to behave?”: Preservice teachers reflect on classroom management. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(7), 1024-1037. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2006.05.001
- Terry, A. A. (1998). Teachers as targets of bullying by their pupils: A study to investigate incidence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68(2), 255-268. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1998.tb01288.x
- Terzi, A. R. (2002). Sinif yonetimi acisindan etkili ogretmen davranislari [Effective teacher behaviors in terms of classroom management]. Milli Egitim Dergisi [Journal of National Education], (155-156), 162-169.
- Tinaz, P. (2006). Is yerinde psikolojik taciz (mobbing) [Psychological mobbing at work place]. Calisma ve Toplum [Work and Society], 4(11), 13-28.
- Turk Egitim-Sen [Turkish Education Union]. (2009). Ogretmenlerin gozuyle okullarda siddet [Violence in schools through the eyes of teachers]. Retrieved from https://www.turkegitimsen.org.tr/arsiv_haber_konu.php?Id=4.
- Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P., Sacco, F. C., & Brethour J. R. (2006). Teachers who bully students: A hidden trauma. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(3), 187-198. doi: 10.1177/0020764006067234
- Yaman, E., & Kocabasoglu, N. (2011). A different approach to bullying: An upright/vertical bullying study where students bully their teachers. Elementary Education Online, 10(2), 653-666.
- Yang, S.-J., Kim, J.-M., Kim, S.-W., Shin, I.-S ., & Yoon, J.-S. (2006). Bullying and victimization behaviors in boys and girls at South Korean primary schools. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(1), 69-77.
- Yalcinkaya, M., & Tonbul, Y. (2002). Ilkogretim okulu sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerine iliskin algi ve gozlemleri [The perception and observation regarding to the primary school teachers’ classroom management skills]. Ege Education Journal, 1(2), 96-103.
- Yell, M. L., & Rozaski, M. E. (2000). Searching for safe school: Legal issues in the prevention of school violence. Journal of Emotional Behavioral Disorders, 8(3), 187- 196. doi: 106342660000800306
- Yuksel, A. (2013). Sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin degerlendirilmesi-Afyon ili ornegi [An evaluation of classroom management skills of classroom teachers: Example of Afyon province] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Yilmaz, Z. N., & Aydin, O. (2015). Ilkogretim ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerine iliskin algilarinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Investigation of primary school teachers’ perceptions of classroom management skills with respect to some variables]. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 11(1), 148-164.
- Warner, B. S., Weist, M. D., & Krulak, A. (1999). Risk factors for school violence. Urban Education, 34(1), 52-68.
- Wilson, C. M., Douglas, K. S., & Lyon, D. R. (2011). Violence against teachers: Prevalence and consequences. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(12), 2353-2371. doi: 10.1177/0886260510383027
- Wilson, N. L. (2012). The principal's role in developing the classroom management skills of the novice elementary teacher [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Year 2019,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 647 - 657, 15.04.2019
Ruchan Uz
Merve Bayraktar
References
- Ada, S. (2010). Erzurum'daki ilkogretim 6., 7., 8. sinif ogrencilerinin akran zorbaliginin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Analyzing Peer Bullying of 6th, 7th, and 8th Grades Primary School Students from the Aspect of Different Variables in Erzurum]. Education and Science, 35(158), 90-100.
- Alkan, H. B. (2007). Ilkogretim ogretmenlerinin istenmeyen davranislarla bas etme yontemleri ve okulda siddet [Violence at schools and the elementary school teachers’ coping methods with unwanted behaviors] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey.
- Allen, K. P. (2010). Clasroom management, bullying and teacher practices. The Professional Educator, 34(1), 1-15.
- Basar, H. (2009). Sinif yonetimi [Classroom management] (15th ed.). Ankara, Turkey: Ani Publication.
- Benefield, J. (2004). Teachers the new targets of schoolyard bullies? Retrieved from http://www.ppta.org.nz/ cms/imaginelibrary/100894.pdf
- Bozkurt-Bulut, N. (2004). Ilkogretim sinif ogretmenlerinin iletisim becerilerine iliskin algilarinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Examination of elementary school teachers' perception of communication skills in terms of various variables]. Journal of Turkısh Educational Sciences, 2(4), 443-452.
- Buyukozturk, S. (2007), Sosyal bilimler icin veri analizi el kitabi [Handbook of data analysis for social sciences]. Ankara, Turkey: PegemA Publication.
- Burc, E. D. (2006). Ilkogretim okulu ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi yeterlikleri: Hatay Ili Ornegi [Classroom management competencies of elementary school teachers: Example of Hatay province] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
- Cemaloglu, N. (2007). The relationship between organizational health and bullying that teachers experience in primary schools in Turkey. Educational Research Quarterly, 31(2), 3-28.
- Champell, M., Casey, D., De la Cruz, C., Ferrel, J., Forman, J., Lipkin, R., … Whittaker, S. (2004). Bullying in college by students and teachers. Adolescence, 39(153), 53-64
- Chen, J.-K., & Astor, R. A. (2008). Students' reports of violence against teachers in Taiwanese schools. Journal of School Violence, 8(1), 2-17.
- Cinkir, S., & Karaman-Kepenekci, Y. (2003). Ogrenciler arası zorbalık [Bullying among students]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, (34), 236-253.
- Conn, K. (2004). Bullying and harassment: A legal guide for educators. Alexsandria, VA: ASCD.
- Culha, A. (2014). Egitim fakultesinden mezun olan ogretmenler ile diger fakultelerden mezun olan ogretmenlerin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin karsilastirilmasi [A comparison of classroom management skills of teachers graduated from education faculties and others] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
- Demirtas, H. (2011). Sinif yonetiminin temelleri [Foundations of classroom management]. In H. Kiran (Ed.), Etkili sinif uonetimi [Effective classroom management] (pp. 1-33). Ankara, Turkey: Ani Publication.
- De Wet, C. (2010). Victims of educator-targeted bullying: A qualitative study. South African Journal of Education, 30(2), 189-201. doi: 10.15700/saje.v30n2a341
- De Wet, C. (2012). Risk factors for educator targeted bullying: A social ecological perspective. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 22(2), 239-243. doi: 10.1080/14330237.2012.10820523
- De Wet, N. C., & Jacobs, L. (2006). Educator-targeted bullying: fact or fallacy? Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 19(2), 53-73.
- Erol, Z. (2006). Sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi uygulamalarina iliskin gorusleri [The opinions of classroom teachers about classroom management applications] (Unpublished master's thesis). Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey.
- Freiberg, H. J. (2002). Essential skills for new teachers. Educational Leadership, 59(6), 56-60.
- Greene, M. B. (2006). Bullying in schools: A plea for measure of human rights. Journal of Social Issues, 62(1), 63-79.
- Guven, E. D., & Cevher, F. N. (2005). Okul oncesi ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [An investigation of preschool teachers’ classroom management skills in terms of various variables]. Journal of Pamukkale University Education Faculty, 2(18), 1-22.
- Hall, P. S. (2005). Bullying and the teacher. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 72(1), 45.
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 499-534.
- Kartal, H., & Bilgin, A. (2008). Bullying in the elementary schools: from the aspects of the students, the teachers and the parents. Elementary Education Online, 7(2), 485-495.
- Kartal, H., & Bilgin, A. (2009). Bullying and school climate from the aspects of students and teachers. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, (36), 209-226.
- Kirkpatrick, L., Lincoln, F., & Morrow, L. R. (2006). Assessment of a collaborative teacher preparation program: Voices of interns. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 73(1), 36-45.
- Koc, Z. (2007). Cocuklar ve ergenlerde okul zorbaliginin toplumsal nedenleri [Social causes of school bullying in children and adolescents]. Ilkogretmen Egitimci Dergisi [Journal of Elementary Educator], 12, 32-37.
- Koiv, K. (2015). Changes over a ten-year interval in the prevalence of teacher targeted bullying. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 126-133.
- Korkut, K. (2009). Sinif ogretmenlerinin oz-yeterlilik inanclari ile sinif yonetimi beceri algilari arasindaki iliski [The correlation between level of classroom teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and classroom management ability perceptions] (Unpublished master's thesis). Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
- Kutlu, E. (2006). Sinif ogretmenlerinin goruslerine gore sinif yonetiminde davranis duzenleme surecinin degerlendirilmesi [An evaluation of behavior organization process at classroom management according to the opinions of classroom teachers] (Unpublished master's thesis). Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Mayer, G. R. (2002). Behavioral strategies to reduce school violence. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 24(1/2), 83-100. doi: 10.1300/J019v24n01_06
- Meister, D. G., & Melnick, S. A. (2003). National new teacher study: Beginning teachers’ concerns. Action in Teacher Education, 24(4), 87–94. doi: 10.1080/01626620.2003.10463283
- Monks, C. P., & Smith, P. K. (2006). Definitions of bullying: Age differences in understanding of the term, and the role of experience. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 801-821. doi: 10.1348/026151005X82352
- Mullet, J, H. (2006). The bully within us…as teachers. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 10(3), 95-99.
- Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviours among US yought: Prevelance and association with psychological adjustment. JAMA: Journal of American Medical Association, 285(16), 2094- 2100. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.16.2094
- Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
- Olweus, D. (2003). A profile of bullying at school. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 12-17.
- Ozcan, M. (2012). Sinif baskanlari gozuyle ogretmenlerin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin degerlendirmesi [An evaluation of teachers’ classroom management skills from the class presidents’ perspective]. Egitim Bilimleri Arastirmaları Dergisi [Journal of Educational Sciences Research], 2(1), 73-90.
- Ozkilic, R. (2012). Bullying toward teachers: An example from Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Education Research, (47), 95-112.
- Ozkilic, R. (2014). Students bullying toward teachers and teacher self- efficacy beliefs. Education and Science, 39(175), 256-266. doi: 10.15390/EB.2014.1766
- Pervin, K., & Turner, A. (1998). A study of bullying of teachers by pupils in an inner London school. Pastoral Care in Education, 16(4), 4-10. doi: 10.1111/1468-0122.00104
- Piskin, M. (2002). Okul zorbaligi: Tanim, turleri, iliskili oldugu faktorler ve alinabilecek onlemler [School bullies: definition, types, related factors and preventions]. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 2(2), 531-562.
- Piskin, M. (2010). Examination of Peer Bullying Among Primary and Middle School Children in Ankara. Education and Science, 35(156), 175-189.
- Sawyer, A. L., Bradshaw, C. P., & O’Brennan, L. M. (2008). Examining ethnic, gender, and developmental differences in the way children report being a victim of bullying on self-report measures. Journal of Adolescence Health, 43(2), 106-114.
- Smith, D. C., & Sandhu, D. S. (2004). Toward a positive perspective on violence prevention in schools: Building connections. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(3), 287-293.
- Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R. F., & Liefooghe A. P. D. (2002). Definitions of bullying: A comparison of terms used, and age and gender differences, in a fourteen-country international comparison. Child Development, 73(4), 1119-1133.
- Stoughton, E. H. (2007). “How will I get them to behave?”: Preservice teachers reflect on classroom management. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(7), 1024-1037. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2006.05.001
- Terry, A. A. (1998). Teachers as targets of bullying by their pupils: A study to investigate incidence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68(2), 255-268. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1998.tb01288.x
- Terzi, A. R. (2002). Sinif yonetimi acisindan etkili ogretmen davranislari [Effective teacher behaviors in terms of classroom management]. Milli Egitim Dergisi [Journal of National Education], (155-156), 162-169.
- Tinaz, P. (2006). Is yerinde psikolojik taciz (mobbing) [Psychological mobbing at work place]. Calisma ve Toplum [Work and Society], 4(11), 13-28.
- Turk Egitim-Sen [Turkish Education Union]. (2009). Ogretmenlerin gozuyle okullarda siddet [Violence in schools through the eyes of teachers]. Retrieved from https://www.turkegitimsen.org.tr/arsiv_haber_konu.php?Id=4.
- Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P., Sacco, F. C., & Brethour J. R. (2006). Teachers who bully students: A hidden trauma. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(3), 187-198. doi: 10.1177/0020764006067234
- Yaman, E., & Kocabasoglu, N. (2011). A different approach to bullying: An upright/vertical bullying study where students bully their teachers. Elementary Education Online, 10(2), 653-666.
- Yang, S.-J., Kim, J.-M., Kim, S.-W., Shin, I.-S ., & Yoon, J.-S. (2006). Bullying and victimization behaviors in boys and girls at South Korean primary schools. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(1), 69-77.
- Yalcinkaya, M., & Tonbul, Y. (2002). Ilkogretim okulu sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerine iliskin algi ve gozlemleri [The perception and observation regarding to the primary school teachers’ classroom management skills]. Ege Education Journal, 1(2), 96-103.
- Yell, M. L., & Rozaski, M. E. (2000). Searching for safe school: Legal issues in the prevention of school violence. Journal of Emotional Behavioral Disorders, 8(3), 187- 196. doi: 106342660000800306
- Yuksel, A. (2013). Sinif ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerinin degerlendirilmesi-Afyon ili ornegi [An evaluation of classroom management skills of classroom teachers: Example of Afyon province] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Yilmaz, Z. N., & Aydin, O. (2015). Ilkogretim ogretmenlerinin sinif yonetimi becerilerine iliskin algilarinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Investigation of primary school teachers’ perceptions of classroom management skills with respect to some variables]. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 11(1), 148-164.
- Warner, B. S., Weist, M. D., & Krulak, A. (1999). Risk factors for school violence. Urban Education, 34(1), 52-68.
- Wilson, C. M., Douglas, K. S., & Lyon, D. R. (2011). Violence against teachers: Prevalence and consequences. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(12), 2353-2371. doi: 10.1177/0886260510383027
- Wilson, N. L. (2012). The principal's role in developing the classroom management skills of the novice elementary teacher [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.