Bonding Between Denture Base and Artificial Teeth in CAD/CAM-Fabricated Complete Dentures: A Review

Abstract

One of the most frequent failures observed in complete or partial dentures is the separation of resin teeth from the denture base resin. This issue has also been reported in modern, digitally manufactured dentures. This review aimed to present an updated overview of the bonding mechanisms between artificial teeth and denture base materials produced through digital fabrication techniques. A comprehensive literature search was carried out across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies published up to Feb 1, 2025. Studies that reported bond strength values between 3D-printed denture base resins and artificial teeth were included in the analysis. To enhance the retention of denture teeth, dental technicians frequently employ chemical agents (such as monomers, ethyl acetate, surface conditioning solutions, and adhesives) and mechanical approaches (including grinding, laser treatment, and sandblasting), though the effectiveness of these methods remains a topic of debate. A primary cause of bonding failure is the incompatibility between materials and insufficient copolymerization. As the field of denture manufacturing evolves, novel materials continue to emerge, highlighting the need for further research to determine optimal tooth-denture base resin pairings. Current evidence suggests that the bond strength between artificial teeth and base resin in 3D printed dentures is lower and the type of bond failure is less favorable than in conventionally manufactured dentures. In this context, traditional methods appear to be the more reliable option until advances in digital technology become available.

Keywords

• 3D printing
• acrylic resin
• bonding
• artificial teeth

CAD/CAM ile Üretilen Tam Protezlerde Kaide ve Yapay Diş Bağlantısı: Derleme

Abstract

Tam veya kısmi protezlerde en sık görülen başarısızlıklardan biri, yapay dişlerin protez kaide rezininden ayrılmasıdır. Bu sorun dijital olarak üretilen protezlerde de bildirilmiştir. Bu derleme, yapay dişler ve dijital üretim teknikleriyle üretilen protez kaide materyalleri arasındaki bağlanma mekanizmalarına ilişkin güncellenmiş bir genel bakış sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. PubMed, Scopus ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında 1 Şubat 2025’e kadar yayınlanmış ilgili çalışmaları kapsayacak şekilde bir literatür taraması yapıldı. 3 boyutlu yazıcı ile üretilmiş protez kaide rezinleri ile yapay dişler arasındaki bağlanma dayanımı değerlerini rapor eden çalışmalar analize dahil edildi. Diş teknisyenleri, protez dişlerinin bağlantısını artırmak için sıklıkla kimyasal maddeler (monomerler, etil asetat, yüzey şartlandırma solüsyonları ve adezivler vb.) ve mekanik yöntemler (frez ve taşlar ile aşındırma, lazerle pürüzlendirme ve kumlama dahil) kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bu yöntemlerin etkinliği tartışma konusudur. Bağlanma başarısızlığının birincil nedeni, malzemeler arasındaki uyumsuzluk ve yetersiz kopolimerizasyondur. Protez üretim teknikleri geliştikçe, yeni materyaller ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu durum yapay dişlerle protez kaide rezini arasındaki bağlanmanın geliştirilmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Mevcut kanıtlar, 3 boyutlu yazıcılarla üretilmiş protezlerde yapay dişler ve kaide rezini arasındaki bağlanma dayanımının, geleneksel olarak üretilen protezlere kıyasla daha düşük ve bağlanma başarısızlığı tipinin de daha istenmeyen şekilde olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, dijital teknolojideki gelişmeler gerçekleşene kadar geleneksel yöntemlerin daha güvenilir seçenekler olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

• 3D baskı
• akrilik rezin
• bağlama
• yapay dişler

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada etik onay alınmasına ihtiyaç yoktur.

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