SİGARA DUMANININ UTERUSA ETKİLERİ: HİSTOPATOLOJİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, sigara dumanına maruz bırakılan sıçanların uteruslarında meydana gelen histopatolojik değişikliklerin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, 14 adet Wistar-albino cinsi dişi sıçan iki eşit gruba ayrıldı. Grup I’deki hayvanlar kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Grup II’deki sıçanlar ise sigara dumanına maruz bırakıldı. 45 günlük deney süresi sonunda tüm sıçanlar dekapitasyonla öldürülerek uterusları çıkarıldı. Uterus doku örnekleri rutin histolojik işlemlerden geçirilerek ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Kontrol sıçanlardan elde edilen uterus kesitleri normal yapısal görünüm özellikleri sergiledi. Sigara dumanına maruz bırakılan sıçanların uterus kesitlerinin ışık mikroskobu ile yapılan incelemesinde, duman inhalasyonunun uterusta doku hasarına yol açtığı, endometriyum yüzey ve bez epitel hücrelerinin boylarında azalmaya neden olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, hücre çekirdekleri belirgin ölçüde küçülmüş ve yassılaşmış görünümlüydü. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, sigara dumanı inhalasyonunun sıçanların uteruslarında histopatolojik düzeyde hasara neden olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

• Uterus, sigara, ışık mikroskobu

Influences of Cigarette Smoke on Uterus: A Histopathological Study

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the uteri of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. For this purpose, 14 female Wistar-albino rats were divided into two equal groups. Animals in group I were used as control. Rats in Group II were exposed to cigarette smoke. At the end of 45 days experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation and their uteri were removed. Following routine histological procedures, uterus tissue specimens were examined under a light microscope. The uterus sections of control rats showed normal structural integrity. Light microscopic examination of uterus specimens from animals exposed to cigarette smoke revealed that smoke inhalation caused tissue damage in the uteri. It was observed decreases in height of surface and glandular epithelial cells of rat endometrium. Additionally, the cell nuclei appeared markedly small and flat. In view of our findings herein, we concluded that cigarette smoke inhalation causes histopathologically damage in uterine tissue of ra

Keywords

• Uterus, cigarette, light microscope

References

1. 1. Ozan E, Kükner A, Canpolat L, et al. Histological and biochemical effects of cigarette smoke on lungs. Acta Physiol Hung 2001, 88: 301-315.
2. 2. Rajpurkar A, Dhabuwala CB, Jiang Y, Li H. Chronic cigarette smoking induces an oxidant/ antioxidant imbalance in the testis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2000, 19: 369-373.
3. 3. Agarwall R. Smoking, oxidative stres and inflammation: impact on resting energy expenditure in diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2005, 22: 6-13.
4. 4. Rahman I, MacNee W. Role of oxidants/ antioksidants in smoking induced lung diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 1996, 21: 669-681.
5. 5. Sisman AR, Bulbul M, Coker C, Onvural B. Cadmium exposure in tobacco workers: possible renal effects. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2003, 17: 51-55.
6. 6. Rahman MM, Laher I. Structural and functional alteration of blood vessels by cigarette smoking: an overview of molecular mechanisms. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2007, 5: 276-292.
7. 7. Li QY, Huang SG, Wan HY, et al. Effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation of rats with chronic bronchitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007, 120: 1511-1516.
8. 8. Ichinoe M, Mikami T, Hara A, Tsuruta T, Okayasu I. Background submucosal cysts in early gastric cancer cases have unique clinicopathologic features suggestive of postgastritis and significant smoking association. Am J Clin Pathol 2007, 128: 746- 752.

9. 9. Mortada WI, Sobh MA, El-Defrawy MM. The exposure to cadmium, lead and mercury from smoking and its impact on renal integrity. Med Sci Monit 2004, 10: 112-116.
10. 10. Ozyurt H, Pekmez H, Parlaktaş BS, Kuş İ, Özyurt B ve Sarsılmaz M. “Oxidative stress in testicular tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape),” Asian Journal of Andrology 2006, 8: 189-193.
11. 11. Brody AL. Functional brain imaging of tobacco use and dependence. J Psychiatr Res 2006, 40: 404-418.
12. 12. Saetta M, Finkelstein R, Cosio MG. Morphological and cellular basis for airflow limitation in smokers. Eur Respir J 1994, 7: 1505-1515.
13. 13. Wright JL, Jeng AY, Battistini B. Effect of ECE and NEP inhibition on cigarette smokeinduced cell proliferation in the rat lung. Inhal Toxicol 2001, 13: 497-511.
14. 14. Pekmez H, Kuş İ, Çolakoğlu N, Özyurt H, Zararsız ve Sarsılmaz M. Sıçan testisinde sigara maruziyeti ile oluşan histolojik değişiklikler üzerine kafeik asit fenetil ester (CAPE)’ in koruyucu etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2004, 20: 1-5.
15. 15. Czekaj P, Palasz A, Lebda-Wyborny T, et al. Morphological changes in lungs, placenta, liver and kidneys of pregnant rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2002, 75: 27-35.
16. 16. Pessione F, Ramond MJ, Njapoum C, et al. Cigarette smoking and hepatic lesions in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2001, 34: 121-125.
17. 17. Baggio B, Budakovic A, Dalla Vestra M, Saller A, Bruseghin M, Fioretto P. Effects of cigarette smoking on glomerular structure and function in type 2 diabetic patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002, 13: 2730-2736.
18. 18. Yuen ST, Gogo AR, Luk IS, Cho CH, Ho JC, Loh TT. The effect of nicotine and its interaction with carbon tetrachloride in the rat liver. Pharmacol Toxicol 1995, 77: 225-230.
19. 19. Lambert DS, Clark KE. The maternal and fetal physiologic effects of nicotine. Semin Perinatol 1996, 20: 115-126.
20. 20. Zavos PM. Cigarette smoking: male and female infertility. Fertil Contracept Sex 1989, 17: 133-138.
21. 21. Pattinson HA, Taylor PJ, Pattinson MH. The effect of cigarette smoking on ovarian function and early pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization treatment. Fertil Steril 1991, 55: 780-783.
22. 22. Odongua N, Chae YM, Kim MR, Yun JE, Jee SH. Associations between smoking, screening, and death caused by cervical cancer in Korean women. Yonsei Med J 2007, 48: 192-200.
23. 23. Nas T, Barun S, Oztürk GS, Vural IM, Ercan ZS, Sarioğlu Y. Nicotine potantiates the electrical field stimulation-evoked contraction of non-pregnant rabbit myometriyum. Tohoko J Exp Med 2007, 211: 187-193.
24. 24. Alonso-Gonzalez C, Gonzalez A, Mazarrasa O, et al. Melatonin prevents the estrogenic effects of sub-chronic administration of cadmium on mice mammary glands and uterus. J Pineal Res 2007, 42: 403-410.
25. 25. Talbot P and Riveles K. Smoking and reproduction: The oviduct as a target of cigarette smoke. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005, 3: 52.
26. 26. Bershtein LM, Tsyrlina EV, Gamaiunova VB, et al. Effect of tobacco smoke on the level of estrogens and DNA in the rat uterus. Ross Fiziol Zh Im Sechenova 1999, 85: 1440-1444.
27. 27. Berstein LM, Tsyrlina EV, Krjukova OG, Dzhumasultanova SV. Influence of tobacco smoke on DNA unwinding and uterotrophic effect of estrogens in rats. Cancer Lett 1998, 127: 95-98.
28. 28. Magers T, Talbot P, DiCarlantonio G, et al. Cigarette smoke inhalation affects the reproductive system of female hamsters. Reprod Toxicol 1995, 9: 513-525.
29. 29. Poppe WA, Ide PS, Drijkoningen MP, Lauweryns JM, Van Assche FA. Tobacco smoking impairs the local immunosurveillance in the uterine cervix. A n immunohistochemical study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1995, 39: 34-38.