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MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ

Year 2006, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 203 - 207, 01.12.2006

Abstract

Memeli ve kanatlı hayvanlarda özofagus boru şeklinde kassel bir organdır. Seyrine göre memelilerde; pars servikalis, pars torasika ve pars abdominalis bölümlerinden kanatlılarda ise, uzun pars servikalis ve kısa pars torasika bölümlerinden, meydana gelir. Histolojik olarak, memeli ve kanatlı hayvanlarda özofagusun duvarı tunika mukoza, muskularis ve adventisya/seroza katmanlarından oluşur. Kutan mukoza özelliğinde olan tunika mukoza, dört alt katmana ayrılır. Çok katlı yassı özellikteki lamina epiteliyaliste keratinizasyonun derecesi türlere göre farklılık gösterir. Lamina propriya kollagen iplikler yanında elastik iplikler de içeren ince bir bağ dokudan oluşur. İnsanda, özofagusun üst bölümü ile mideye yakın olan bölümündeki lamina propriyada bezler bulunur. Bezler kanatlıların lamina propriyasında da bulunmaktadır. Lamina muskularis longitudinal seyirli düz kas tellerinden, submukoza ise gevşek bağ dokudan oluşur. Submukoza katmanında memeli hayvanlarda özofagus bezleri olarak adlandırılan müköz bezler bulunur. Tunika muskularis içte sirküler, dışta longitudinal seyirli düz kaslardan oluşur. Memelilerde özofagusun servikal bölümü tunika adventisya, torakal bölümü ise mediastinal pleura, kanatlılarda ise, tüm uzunluğu boyunca gevşek bağ dokudan oluşan tunika adventisya ile sarılmıştır. Servikal özofagusun göğüs boşluğunun girişinde ventrale doğru genişlemesi sonucu oluşan kursak kanatlılara özgü bir organdır ve gıdaları depolamak için kullanılır. Kursak, yapı olarak özofagusa benzerse de lamina epiteliyalisi daha kalındır ve organın büyük bir bölümü boyunca müköz bezler bulunmamaktadır. Diğer katmanlarının özellikleri özofagusta olduğu gibidir

References

  • Dursun N. Evcil Kuşların Anatomisi, Medisan Yayın Evi, Ankara, 2002:59-61.
  • Hodges RD. The Histology of the Fowl. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, 1974, pp 45-47.
  • King AS, Mc Lelland J. BIRDS: their structure and function. Second Ed., Bailliere Tindall, 1984, pp 90-94.
  • Aughey E, Frye LF. Comparative Veterinary Histology. Manson publishing Ltd., 2001, pp 105-107.
  • Imai M, Shibata T, Moriguchi K, Hayama H. Glands distributed in the lamina propria mucosae of the esophagus in the gecko and Japanese Lizard. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991, 68: 289-293.
  • Imai M, Shibata T, Izumi T. Histological and histochemical investigations on Japanese lizard esophagus. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1992, 69: 25-34.
  • Imai M, Shibata T, Moriguchi K. Pepsinogen granules in the esophageal epithelium of the rock snake. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991, 68: 231-234.
  • Pedini V, Scocco P, Radaelli G, Fagioli O and Ceccarelli P. Carbonhydrate histochemistry of the alimentary canal of the shi drum, umbrina cirrosa L. Anat. Histol Embryol 2001, 30: 345-349.
  • Pedini V, Dall’aglio C, Parillo F and Scocco P. A lectin histochemical study of the oesophagus of shi drum. Journal of Fish Biology 2004, 64: 625-631.
  • Ezeasor DN. Light and electron microscopic studies on the esophageal epithelium of the Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri. Anat Anz 1984, 155: 71-83.
  • Banks WJ. Applied Veterinary Histology. Third Edition By Mosby-year book, Inc., 1993, pp 336-337.
  • Cormack HD. Ham’s Histology. Ninth edition. By J. B. Lippincott Company, 1987, pp 493- 494.
  • Erbengi T. Özel Histoloji Atlası ve Özet Histo- loji. III. Baskı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakül- tesi El Kitapları Serisi, 1984, s 143.
  • Shibata T, Imai M, Moroguchi K, Takada Y, Hayama H. Actual characteristics of the glands distributed in the lamina propria muco- sae of the fowl esophagus. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991, 68: 45-50.
  • Tanyolaç A. Özel Histoloji, Ankara, 1993, s 71-72.
  • Dellmann DH. Textbook Veterinary Histology. Fourth Edition. By Lea &Febiger, 1993, pp 165-167.
  • Wehner GR, Harrold RL. Crop volume of chickens as affected by body size, sex and breed. Poult Sci 1982, 61: 598-600.
  • Seo K.-H, Holt PS, Vaughn LE, Gast RK, Stone HD. Detection of salmonella enteritidis- specific immunoglobulin A antibodies in crop samples from chickens infected with salmonella enteritidis. Poultry Sci 2003, 82: 67-70.
  • Bayer RC, Chawan CB, Bırd FH. Scanning electron mikroscopy of the chicken crop-the avian rumen. Poult Sci 1975, 54: 703-707.
  • Holdt Peter S, Vaughn Lara E, Gast Rıchard K, Stone Henry D. Development of a lavage procedure to collect crop secretıons from lıve chickens for studyıng crop ımmunity. Poultry Science 2003, 82: 67-70.

Structural Properties of Oesophagus in the M ammalian and Avian Species

Year 2006, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 203 - 207, 01.12.2006

Abstract

The esophagus in mammalians and avian species is a muscular organ shaped-like a tube. According to its direction, it is composed of sections as pars cervicalis, pars thoracica and pars abdominalis in mammalians, but such long pars cervicalis and short pars thoracica in avian species. Histologically, the wall of esophagus is made up of layers as tunica mucosae, tunica muscularis and tunica adventitia/serosa in mammalians and avian species. In mammalians and avian species, the tunica mucasae consists of four sublayers, characteristic of cutanous mucosae. In the lamina epithelialis, lined by stratified squamous epithelium, the extent of keratinization differs from species. The lamina propria constitues a fine connective tissue, including both collogen fibers and elastic fibers. In humans, there exist glands in the lamina propria superior to esophagus and proximal to the stomach. The glands exist also in lamina propria of birds. The lamina muscularis is made up of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle fibers, whereas the submucasa is composed of loose connnective tissue. The seromucous glands, also called esophageal glands, exist in the submucasa of mammalians. In both species, the tunica muscularis is composed of the layers of circularly and longitudinally arranged, respectively inside and outside. In mammalians, the cervical portion of esophagus is covered with the tunica adventitia, whilst its thoracal section is surrounded by mediastinal pleura. In birds, however, the esophagus, is covered all along with tunica adventitia composed of loose connective tissue. The crop, dilatation of the cervical esophagus toward ventrale in the opening of cavity of the thorax, is a special organ for birds and used for the storage of bolus. Although the crop is smilar to esophagus, its lamina epithelialis is thicker than that of esohagus and it predominantly lacks mucous glands greater of organ. The properties of other layers bear resemblance to that of esophagus

References

  • Dursun N. Evcil Kuşların Anatomisi, Medisan Yayın Evi, Ankara, 2002:59-61.
  • Hodges RD. The Histology of the Fowl. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, 1974, pp 45-47.
  • King AS, Mc Lelland J. BIRDS: their structure and function. Second Ed., Bailliere Tindall, 1984, pp 90-94.
  • Aughey E, Frye LF. Comparative Veterinary Histology. Manson publishing Ltd., 2001, pp 105-107.
  • Imai M, Shibata T, Moriguchi K, Hayama H. Glands distributed in the lamina propria mucosae of the esophagus in the gecko and Japanese Lizard. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991, 68: 289-293.
  • Imai M, Shibata T, Izumi T. Histological and histochemical investigations on Japanese lizard esophagus. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1992, 69: 25-34.
  • Imai M, Shibata T, Moriguchi K. Pepsinogen granules in the esophageal epithelium of the rock snake. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991, 68: 231-234.
  • Pedini V, Scocco P, Radaelli G, Fagioli O and Ceccarelli P. Carbonhydrate histochemistry of the alimentary canal of the shi drum, umbrina cirrosa L. Anat. Histol Embryol 2001, 30: 345-349.
  • Pedini V, Dall’aglio C, Parillo F and Scocco P. A lectin histochemical study of the oesophagus of shi drum. Journal of Fish Biology 2004, 64: 625-631.
  • Ezeasor DN. Light and electron microscopic studies on the esophageal epithelium of the Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri. Anat Anz 1984, 155: 71-83.
  • Banks WJ. Applied Veterinary Histology. Third Edition By Mosby-year book, Inc., 1993, pp 336-337.
  • Cormack HD. Ham’s Histology. Ninth edition. By J. B. Lippincott Company, 1987, pp 493- 494.
  • Erbengi T. Özel Histoloji Atlası ve Özet Histo- loji. III. Baskı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakül- tesi El Kitapları Serisi, 1984, s 143.
  • Shibata T, Imai M, Moroguchi K, Takada Y, Hayama H. Actual characteristics of the glands distributed in the lamina propria muco- sae of the fowl esophagus. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991, 68: 45-50.
  • Tanyolaç A. Özel Histoloji, Ankara, 1993, s 71-72.
  • Dellmann DH. Textbook Veterinary Histology. Fourth Edition. By Lea &Febiger, 1993, pp 165-167.
  • Wehner GR, Harrold RL. Crop volume of chickens as affected by body size, sex and breed. Poult Sci 1982, 61: 598-600.
  • Seo K.-H, Holt PS, Vaughn LE, Gast RK, Stone HD. Detection of salmonella enteritidis- specific immunoglobulin A antibodies in crop samples from chickens infected with salmonella enteritidis. Poultry Sci 2003, 82: 67-70.
  • Bayer RC, Chawan CB, Bırd FH. Scanning electron mikroscopy of the chicken crop-the avian rumen. Poult Sci 1975, 54: 703-707.
  • Holdt Peter S, Vaughn Lara E, Gast Rıchard K, Stone Henry D. Development of a lavage procedure to collect crop secretıons from lıve chickens for studyıng crop ımmunity. Poultry Science 2003, 82: 67-70.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA27UB85MG
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hakan Sağsöz This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2006
Submission Date December 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sağsöz, H. (2006). MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 203-207.
AMA Sağsöz H. MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ. JHS. December 2006;15(3):203-207.
Chicago Sağsöz, Hakan. “MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15, no. 3 (December 2006): 203-7.
EndNote Sağsöz H (December 1, 2006) MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15 3 203–207.
IEEE H. Sağsöz, “MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ”, JHS, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 203–207, 2006.
ISNAD Sağsöz, Hakan. “MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15/3 (December 2006), 203-207.
JAMA Sağsöz H. MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ. JHS. 2006;15:203–207.
MLA Sağsöz, Hakan. “MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 3, 2006, pp. 203-7.
Vancouver Sağsöz H. MEMELİ VE KANATLI HAYVANLARDA ÖZOFAGUSUN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ. JHS. 2006;15(3):203-7.