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AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ

Year 2017, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 140 - 146, 01.07.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Avanos ve çevresindeki sokak köpeklerinde
filarial nematod enfeksiyonlarının prevalansını tespit
etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Mayıs-Eylül
2013 tarihleri arasında farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve ırktan
olmak üzere toplam 138 sokak köpeğinden kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan kan örnekleri öncelikle natif,
modifiye knott ve membran filtrasyon-asit fosfataz
histokimyasal boyama yöntemleri ile perifer kandaki
mikrofilerler yönünden incelenmiştir. Sonraki basamakta toplanan kanlardan genomik DNA ekstraksiyonu
yapılmış ve elde edilen genomik DNA’lar Dirofilaria
immitis’in 5.8S-ITS2-28S ve cytochrome oxidase subunit
1 (COI) spesifik gen bölgelerini parsiyel olarak
amplifiye eden primerler ile PCR analizine tabii
tutulmuşlardır. PCR analizi sonucunda, 138 köpeğin 3’ü
(%2.17) D. immitis pozitif olarak belirlenmiş, diğer
filarial nematod enfeksiyonlarına ise rastlanmamıştır.
Moleküler olarak pozitif belirlenen 3 örneğin 2’sinde
perifer kan muayene yöntemleri ile mikrofilerler saptanmıştır. Pozitif belirlenen izolatlardan birine ait PCR
ürünü jelden pürifiye edilerek her iki gen bölgesi için
çift yönlü sekans analizlerine tabii tutulmuştur. Sekans
analizi sonucu Avanos yöresinden elde edilen D. immitis
izolatının Dünya’da GenBank veri tabanına kayıtlı homolog izolatlarla 5.8S-ITS2-28S ve parsiyel COI gen
bölgelerinin çoklu hizalama analizlerine göre sırasıyla
%99.5-%100 ve %94.3-%100 identiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Avanos yöresi sokak köpeklerinde D. immitis enfeksiyonlarının hem mikroskobik
hem de moleküler yöntemlerle prevalansı belirlenmiş
ve pozitif belirlenen bir izolatın 5.8S-ITS2-28S ve COI
gen bölgelerinin moleküler karakterizasyonu ve
filogenetik analizi yapılmıştır.

References

  • 1. Soulsby EJL. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals (7 th ed). Baillere Tindall 1982; 307-312.
  • 2. Nayar JK. Mosquito-borne dog heartworm disease. University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2014.
  • 3. Merdivenci A. Türkiye Sivrisinekleri (Yurdumuzda varlığı bilinen sivrisineklerin biyomorfolojisi, biyo-ekolojisi, yayılışı ve sağlık önemleri). İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fak Yayınları, İstanbul 1984. Yayın No: 3215.
  • 4. Anderson RC. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission (2nd ed.), NewYork, CABI Publishing 2000; 467-509.
  • 5. Yildirim A, İça A, Atalay O, et al. Prevalence and epidemiological aspects of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Kayseri province. Res Vet Sci 2007a; 82:358-363.
  • 6. Yildirim A, İça A, Aslan Ö ve ark. Kayseri yöresi köpeklerinde Dirofilaria immitis'in membran filtrasyon-asit fosfotaz histokimyasal boyama, antijen ELISA ve PCR yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılması, XV. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi. Kayseri ve Ürgüp, 18-23 Kasım 2007b; ss 140-141.
  • 7. Acevedo RA, Ciencias L, Theis JH. Combination of filtration and histochemical stain for detection and differentiation of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1981; 42:537-540.
  • 8. Rishniw M, Barr SC, Simson KW, et al. Discrimination between six species of canine microfilariae by a sigle polymerase chain reaction. Vet Parasitol 2006; 135:303-314.
  • 9. Hall TA. Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT, Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 1999; 41:95-98.
  • 10. Drummond AJ, Ashton B, Buxton S, et al (2014). Geneious v5.5, Available from http:// www.geneious.com (22.04.2014).
  • 11. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, et al. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 10 2731-2739.
  • 12. Barriga OO. Dirofilariasis. In: Steele JH, Schultz MG (eds), Parasitic zoonoses. Vol II. Florida 1982; pp 93-110.
  • 13. Cancrini G, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Ricci I, et al. Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy. Vet Parasitol 2003; 118:195 -202.
  • 14. Öge H, Doğanay A, Öge S, Yildirim A. Prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs from Ankara and vicinity in Turkey. Deut Tierarztl Wochernssch 2003; 110:69-72.
  • 15. Yıldırım A. Ankara ve Çevresindeki Köpeklerde Filarial Etkenlerin Prevalansı. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara 2003.
  • 16. Voyvoda H, Paşa S. Aydın’ın bazı ilçe ve köyleri ile İzmir’in Selçuk ilçesindeki köpeklerde Leishmaniosis ve Dirofilariosis’in prevalansı. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2004; 28:1105-1111.
  • 17. Sarali H. Köpeklerdeki Dirofilaria Türlerinde Wolbachia’nın Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın 2009.
  • 18. Taşçı GT, Kılıç Y. Kars ve Iğdır civarındaki köpeklerde Dirofilaria immitis’in prevalansı ve potansiyel vektör sivrisinek türleri üzerine araştırmalar. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2012; 18:A29-A34.
  • 19. Şimşek FM. Şanlıurfa İli Sınırları İçerisinde Bulunan Sivrisinek Türleri (Diptera: Culicidae) ve Sıtma Vektörlerinin Biyo-Ekolojisi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara 2004.
  • 20. Eisen L, Bolling BG, Blair BJ, et al. Mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance along habitat-climate-elevation gradients in the northern Colorado Front Range. J Med Entomol 2008; 45:800-811.
  • 21. Seward RL. 2001. Canine heartworm disease. http://heartwormsociety.org/. (15.05.2014).
  • 22. Williams JF, Williams CSF, Signs M, Hokama L. Evaluation of a polikarbonat filter for the detection of microfilaremia in dogs in central Michigan. JAVMA 1977; 170:714-716.
  • 23. Wylie JP. Detection of microfilariae by a filter technique. JAVMA 1970; 156:1043-1405.
  • 24. Courtney CH. Detection and differentiation of microfilariae. Calif Vet Special Edition 1989; 9-11.
  • 25. Calvert A. Confirming a diagnosis of heartworm infection in dogs. Vet Med 1987; 82:232-237.
  • 26. Nuchprayoon S, Junpee A, Poovorawan Y, Scott AL. Detection and differentiation of filarial parasites by universal primers and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73:895 -900.
  • 27. Casiraghi M, Bazzocchi C, Mortarino M. A simple molecular method for discriminating common filarial nematodes of dogs (Canis familiaris). Vet Parasitol 2006; 141:368-372.
  • 28. Thanchomnang T, Intapan PM, Lulitanond V, et al. Rapid detection of Dirofilaria immitis in mosquito vectors and dogs using a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR and melting curve analysis. Vet Parasitol 2010; 168:255-260.
  • 29. Lee SE, Kim HC, Chong ST, et al. Molecular survey of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens by direct PCR for wild caught mosquitoes in the Republic of Korea. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148:149-155.
  • 30. Liu J, Song KH, Lee SE, et al. Serological and moleculer survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection in stray cats in Gyunggi province, South Korea. Vet Parasitol 2005; 130:125-129.
  • 31. Woese CR. Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 1987; 51:221-271.
  • 32. George EF, Pechman CR, Woese CR. Comparative cataloging of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid: Molecular approach to prokaryotic systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1977; 27:44-57.
  • 33. Sanpool O, Tantrawatpan C, Thanchomnang T, et al. Pyrosequencing using SL and 5S rRNA as molecular markers for identifying zoonotic filarial nematodes in blood samples and mosquitoes. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:326-333.
  • 34. Rossi A, Peix Á, Pavlikovskaya T, et al. Genetic diversity of Dirofilaria spp. isolated from subcutaneous and ocular lesions of human patients in Ukraine. Acta Trop 2015; 142:1-4.
  • 35. Patwardhan A, Ray S, Roy A. Molecular markers in phylogenetic studies-A Review. J Phylogen Evolution Biol 2014; 2:131.
  • 36. Russo CA, Takezaki N, Nei M. Efficiencies of different genes and different tree-building methods in recovering a known vertebrate phylogeny. Mol Biol Evol 1996; 13:525-536.
  • 37. Zardoya R, Meyer A. Phylogenetic performance of mitochondrial proteincoding genes in resolving relationships among vertebrates. Mol Biol Evol 1996; 13:933-942.
  • 38. Huang H, Wang T, Yang G, et al. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Dirofilaria immitis of China based on COI and 12S rDNA genes. Vet Parasitol 2009; 160:175-179.
  • 39. To KK, Wong SS, Poon RW, et al. A novel Dirofilaria species causing human and canine infections in Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3534-3541.
  • 40. Suzuki J, Kobayashi S, Okata U, et al. Molecular analysis of Dirofilaria repens removed from a subcutaneous nodule in a Japanese woman after a tour to Europe. Parasite 2015; 22:2.

The Prevalence of Dirofilaria Immitis in Stray Dogs in Avanos Province

Year 2017, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 140 - 146, 01.07.2017

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence
of filarial nematode infections in stray dogs in Avanos
and vicinity. For this aim, a total of 138 blood samples
were collected from stray dogs in different ages, sexes
and breeds between May-September 2013. The blood
samples were firstly examined by wet mount (direct
microscopic examination), modified knott’s and membrane filtration-acid phosphates histochemical staining
techniques in order to detect the circulating microfilaria
in peripheral blood. In the next step, genomic DNA extraction was obtained from collected blood samples, and
the obtained genomic DNAs were analyzed by PCR with
primers amplifying specific gene regions of 5.8S-ITS2-
28S and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) of Dirofilaria immitis. Three (2.17%) out of 138 blood samples
were found to be D. immitis positive whereas no other
filarial nematode species were detected. Two out of
three positive samples determined as molecularly positive were also found positive by peripheral blood examination techniques. The PCR product belonging to one of
positive isolates was gel purified and sequenced in both
directions for two gene regions. The identity rates between the obtained D. immitis isolate obtained from
Avanos region and the other homologous isolates from
the world GenBank were determined as 99.5%-100%
and 94.3%-100% according to the phylogenetic analyses of 5.8S-ITS2-28S and COI gene regions, respectively.
Both microscopic and molecular methods the prevalence of D. immitis from stray dogs of Avanos region was
revealed and the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of isolate for 5.8S-ITS2-28S and COI
gene regions were investigated in this study.

References

  • 1. Soulsby EJL. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals (7 th ed). Baillere Tindall 1982; 307-312.
  • 2. Nayar JK. Mosquito-borne dog heartworm disease. University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2014.
  • 3. Merdivenci A. Türkiye Sivrisinekleri (Yurdumuzda varlığı bilinen sivrisineklerin biyomorfolojisi, biyo-ekolojisi, yayılışı ve sağlık önemleri). İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fak Yayınları, İstanbul 1984. Yayın No: 3215.
  • 4. Anderson RC. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission (2nd ed.), NewYork, CABI Publishing 2000; 467-509.
  • 5. Yildirim A, İça A, Atalay O, et al. Prevalence and epidemiological aspects of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Kayseri province. Res Vet Sci 2007a; 82:358-363.
  • 6. Yildirim A, İça A, Aslan Ö ve ark. Kayseri yöresi köpeklerinde Dirofilaria immitis'in membran filtrasyon-asit fosfotaz histokimyasal boyama, antijen ELISA ve PCR yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılması, XV. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi. Kayseri ve Ürgüp, 18-23 Kasım 2007b; ss 140-141.
  • 7. Acevedo RA, Ciencias L, Theis JH. Combination of filtration and histochemical stain for detection and differentiation of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1981; 42:537-540.
  • 8. Rishniw M, Barr SC, Simson KW, et al. Discrimination between six species of canine microfilariae by a sigle polymerase chain reaction. Vet Parasitol 2006; 135:303-314.
  • 9. Hall TA. Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT, Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 1999; 41:95-98.
  • 10. Drummond AJ, Ashton B, Buxton S, et al (2014). Geneious v5.5, Available from http:// www.geneious.com (22.04.2014).
  • 11. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, et al. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 10 2731-2739.
  • 12. Barriga OO. Dirofilariasis. In: Steele JH, Schultz MG (eds), Parasitic zoonoses. Vol II. Florida 1982; pp 93-110.
  • 13. Cancrini G, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Ricci I, et al. Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy. Vet Parasitol 2003; 118:195 -202.
  • 14. Öge H, Doğanay A, Öge S, Yildirim A. Prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs from Ankara and vicinity in Turkey. Deut Tierarztl Wochernssch 2003; 110:69-72.
  • 15. Yıldırım A. Ankara ve Çevresindeki Köpeklerde Filarial Etkenlerin Prevalansı. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara 2003.
  • 16. Voyvoda H, Paşa S. Aydın’ın bazı ilçe ve köyleri ile İzmir’in Selçuk ilçesindeki köpeklerde Leishmaniosis ve Dirofilariosis’in prevalansı. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2004; 28:1105-1111.
  • 17. Sarali H. Köpeklerdeki Dirofilaria Türlerinde Wolbachia’nın Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın 2009.
  • 18. Taşçı GT, Kılıç Y. Kars ve Iğdır civarındaki köpeklerde Dirofilaria immitis’in prevalansı ve potansiyel vektör sivrisinek türleri üzerine araştırmalar. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2012; 18:A29-A34.
  • 19. Şimşek FM. Şanlıurfa İli Sınırları İçerisinde Bulunan Sivrisinek Türleri (Diptera: Culicidae) ve Sıtma Vektörlerinin Biyo-Ekolojisi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara 2004.
  • 20. Eisen L, Bolling BG, Blair BJ, et al. Mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance along habitat-climate-elevation gradients in the northern Colorado Front Range. J Med Entomol 2008; 45:800-811.
  • 21. Seward RL. 2001. Canine heartworm disease. http://heartwormsociety.org/. (15.05.2014).
  • 22. Williams JF, Williams CSF, Signs M, Hokama L. Evaluation of a polikarbonat filter for the detection of microfilaremia in dogs in central Michigan. JAVMA 1977; 170:714-716.
  • 23. Wylie JP. Detection of microfilariae by a filter technique. JAVMA 1970; 156:1043-1405.
  • 24. Courtney CH. Detection and differentiation of microfilariae. Calif Vet Special Edition 1989; 9-11.
  • 25. Calvert A. Confirming a diagnosis of heartworm infection in dogs. Vet Med 1987; 82:232-237.
  • 26. Nuchprayoon S, Junpee A, Poovorawan Y, Scott AL. Detection and differentiation of filarial parasites by universal primers and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73:895 -900.
  • 27. Casiraghi M, Bazzocchi C, Mortarino M. A simple molecular method for discriminating common filarial nematodes of dogs (Canis familiaris). Vet Parasitol 2006; 141:368-372.
  • 28. Thanchomnang T, Intapan PM, Lulitanond V, et al. Rapid detection of Dirofilaria immitis in mosquito vectors and dogs using a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR and melting curve analysis. Vet Parasitol 2010; 168:255-260.
  • 29. Lee SE, Kim HC, Chong ST, et al. Molecular survey of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens by direct PCR for wild caught mosquitoes in the Republic of Korea. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148:149-155.
  • 30. Liu J, Song KH, Lee SE, et al. Serological and moleculer survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection in stray cats in Gyunggi province, South Korea. Vet Parasitol 2005; 130:125-129.
  • 31. Woese CR. Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 1987; 51:221-271.
  • 32. George EF, Pechman CR, Woese CR. Comparative cataloging of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid: Molecular approach to prokaryotic systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1977; 27:44-57.
  • 33. Sanpool O, Tantrawatpan C, Thanchomnang T, et al. Pyrosequencing using SL and 5S rRNA as molecular markers for identifying zoonotic filarial nematodes in blood samples and mosquitoes. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:326-333.
  • 34. Rossi A, Peix Á, Pavlikovskaya T, et al. Genetic diversity of Dirofilaria spp. isolated from subcutaneous and ocular lesions of human patients in Ukraine. Acta Trop 2015; 142:1-4.
  • 35. Patwardhan A, Ray S, Roy A. Molecular markers in phylogenetic studies-A Review. J Phylogen Evolution Biol 2014; 2:131.
  • 36. Russo CA, Takezaki N, Nei M. Efficiencies of different genes and different tree-building methods in recovering a known vertebrate phylogeny. Mol Biol Evol 1996; 13:525-536.
  • 37. Zardoya R, Meyer A. Phylogenetic performance of mitochondrial proteincoding genes in resolving relationships among vertebrates. Mol Biol Evol 1996; 13:933-942.
  • 38. Huang H, Wang T, Yang G, et al. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Dirofilaria immitis of China based on COI and 12S rDNA genes. Vet Parasitol 2009; 160:175-179.
  • 39. To KK, Wong SS, Poon RW, et al. A novel Dirofilaria species causing human and canine infections in Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3534-3541.
  • 40. Suzuki J, Kobayashi S, Okata U, et al. Molecular analysis of Dirofilaria repens removed from a subcutaneous nodule in a Japanese woman after a tour to Europe. Parasite 2015; 22:2.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA73SC25DJ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Feray Yabaneri This is me

Abdullah İnci This is me

Alparslan Yıldırım This is me

Zuhal Önder This is me

Arif Çiloğlu This is me

Önder Düzlü This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2017
Submission Date July 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yabaneri, F., İnci, A., Yıldırım, A., Önder, Z., et al. (2017). AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(2), 140-146.
AMA Yabaneri F, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A, Düzlü Ö. AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ. JHS. July 2017;26(2):140-146.
Chicago Yabaneri, Feray, Abdullah İnci, Alparslan Yıldırım, Zuhal Önder, Arif Çiloğlu, and Önder Düzlü. “AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 26, no. 2 (July 2017): 140-46.
EndNote Yabaneri F, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A, Düzlü Ö (July 1, 2017) AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 26 2 140–146.
IEEE F. Yabaneri, A. İnci, A. Yıldırım, Z. Önder, A. Çiloğlu, and Ö. Düzlü, “AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ”, JHS, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 140–146, 2017.
ISNAD Yabaneri, Feray et al. “AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 26/2 (July 2017), 140-146.
JAMA Yabaneri F, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A, Düzlü Ö. AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ. JHS. 2017;26:140–146.
MLA Yabaneri, Feray et al. “AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 2, 2017, pp. 140-6.
Vancouver Yabaneri F, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A, Düzlü Ö. AVANOS YÖRESİ SOKAK KÖPEKLERİNDE DİROFİLARİA İMMİTİS’İN PREVALANSININ BELİRLENMESİ. JHS. 2017;26(2):140-6.