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PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ

Year 2018, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 170 - 175, 01.07.2018

Abstract

Prematüre Retinopatisi (ROP), düşük doğum ağırlıklı
(<1500 gr) ve preterm yenidoğanlarda (<32 hafta) görülen, gözde retinal damarların anormal gelişimine bağlı
oluşan bir hastalıktır. Gözde miyopi, retina dekolmanı,
ambliyopi, strabismus, makula ektopisi, pupilla bloğu ve
tam körlük gibi çeşitli komplikasyonlara neden olan
ROP, yapılan göz muayeneleriyle erken dönemde belirlenip tedavi edilebilmektedir. ROP muayenesi topikal
anestezik damlalar kullanılarak uygulansa da yapılan
çalışmalar işlem sırasında yenidoğanların yüksek ağrı
çektiklerini bildirmektedir. Ağrının en az düzeye indirilmesi ya da giderilmesi her yenidoğanın en doğal hakkıdır ve multidisipliner bir ekip yaklaşımı gerektirir.
Yenidoğanın ağrısının azaltılması ya da giderilmesinde
çeşitli farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik yöntemler kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada ROP muayenesi yapılan preterm
yenidoğanlarda ağrı yönetiminde kullanılan farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik yöntemler tartışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda sağlık profesyonelleri bu yöntemlerden etkinliği
kanıtlanmış olanları uygulamalı ve yenidoğanda ağrıyı
azaltmada kanıta dayalı uygulamalara ve uygulamaların
etkinliğini değerlendiren çalışmalara yer vermelidirler

References

  • 1. Yıldız M, Özmen TA. Prematüre retinopatisinde güncel tedaviler. J Curr Pediatr 2010; 8:72-77.
  • 2. Koç E, Baş YA, Özdek Ş, et al. TOD ROP Komisyonu, TND ROP Çalışma Grubu. Türkiye prematüre retinopatisi rehberi 2016. Türk Neonataloji Derneği ve Türk Oftalmoloji Derneği 2016:4-53.http:// w w w . n e o n a t o l o g y . o r g . t r / w p c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 1 6 / 1 2 / premature_retinopatisi_rehberi.pdf.Erişim tarihi:20.10.2017.
  • 3. Yalaz M, Arslanoğlu S, Erakgün ET, ve ark. Prematüre retinopatisi risk faktörleri ve koruyucu önlemler. Türkiye Klinikleri Pediatri 2003; 12:1-8.
  • 4. Uslu S, Bülbül A. Neonatoloji bakış açısı ile prematüre retinopatisi. ŞEEAH Tıp Bülteni 2011; 45:142- 152.
  • 5. Özcan E, Yenice Ö, Kazokoğlu H, ve ark. Prematüre retinopatisi gelişiminde etkili risk faktörleri ve tarama sonuçları. Ret-Vit 2006; 14:127-132.
  • 6. Gilbert C, Fielder A, Gordillo L, et al. Characteristics of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity in countries with low, moderate and high levels of development: Implications for screening programs. Pediatrics 2005; 115:e518-525.
  • 7. Tolsma KW, Allred EN, Chen ML, et al. Neonatal bacteremia and rethinopathy of prematurity: The ELGAN Study. Arch Ofthalmol 2011; 129:1555- 1563.
  • 8. Bas AY, Koç E, Dilmen U. ROP Neonatal Study Group. Incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1311-1314.
  • 9. Rush R, Rush S, Ighanı F, et al. The effects of comfort care on the pain response in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2005; 25:59-62.
  • 10. Boyle EM, Freer Y, Khan-Orakzai Z, et al. Sucrose and non-nutritive sucking for the relief of pain in screening for retinopathy of prematurity: A randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:166-168.
  • 11. Tasman W. Retinopathy of prematurity: Do we still have a problem? Arch Ophthalmol 2011; 129:1083- 1086.
  • 12. Başmak H. Premature retinopatisi. Türkiye Klinikleri Oftalmoloji-Özel Konular 2011; 4:20-26.
  • 13. Gilbert C, Foster A. Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020-the right to sight. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79:227-232.
  • 14. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics 2013; 131:189-195.
  • 15. Wilson CM, Ells AL, Fielder AR. The challenge of screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Clin Perinatol 2013; 40:241-59.
  • 16. Belda S, Pallas C, De La Cruz J, Tejada P. Screening for retinopathy of prematurity: Is it painful? Biol Neonate 2004; 86:195-200.
  • 17. Mitchell A, Stevens B, Mungan N, et al. Analgesic effects of oral sucrose and pacifier during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Pain Manag Nurs 2004; 5:160-168.
  • 18. Kirchner L, Jeitler V, Pollak A, et al. Must screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity necessarily be painful? Retina 2009; 29:586-591.
  • 19. Grabska J, Walden P, Lerer T, et al. Can oral sucrose reduce the pain and distress associated with screening for retinopathy of prematurity? J Perinatol 2005; 25:33-35.
  • 20. Hartrey R. Anaesthesia for the laser treatment of neonates with retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond) 2007; 21:1025-1027.
  • 21. Kleberg A, Warren I, Norman E, et al. Lower stress responses after Newborn Individualized Development Care and Assessment Program care during eye screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity: A randomized study. Pediatrics 2008; 121:1267-1278.
  • 22. Slevin M, Murphy J, Daly L, O’Keefe M. Retinopathy of prematurity screening, stress related responses, the role of nesting. Br J Ophthalmol 1997; 81:762- 764.
  • 23. Laws DE, Morton C, Weindling M, Clark D. Systemic effects of screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Opthalmol 1996; 80:425-428.
  • 24. Şener Taplak A, Erdem E. A Comparison of breast milk and sucrose in reducing neonatal pain during eye exam for retinopathy of prematurity. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:305-310.
  • 25. Rosali L, Nesargi S, Mathew S, et al. Efficacy of expressed breast milk in reducing pain during rop screening-A randomized controlled trial. J Trop Pediatr 2015; 61:135-138.
  • 26. Nesargi SV, Nithyanandam S, Rao S, Nimbalkar S, Bhat S. Topical Anesthesia or oral dextrose for the relief of pain in screening for retinopathy of prematurity: A randomized controlled doubleblinded trial. J Trop Pediatr 2015; 61:20-24.
  • 27. American Academy of Pediatrics, Canadian Paediatric Society. Prevention and management of pain in the neonate: An update. Pediatrics 2006; 118:2231-2241.
  • 28. Anand KJS, International Evidence-Based Group for Neonatal Pain. Consensus statement for the prevention management of pain in the newborn. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 55:173-180.
  • 29. Simons SH, van Dijk M, Anand KS, et al. Do we stil hurt newborn babies? A prospective study of procedural pain and analgesia in neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157:1058-1064.
  • 30. Johnston CC, Strada ME. Acute pain response in infants: A multidimensional description. Pain 1986; 24:372-382.
  • 31. Olsson E, Eriksson M. Oral glucose for pain relief during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:1054-1059.
  • 32. Costa MC, Eckert GU, Fortes BG, et al. Oral glucose for pain relief during examination for retinopathy of prematurity: A masked randomized clinical trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:199-204.
  • 33. Dilli D, İlarslan NE, Kabataş EU, et al. Oral sucrose and non-nutritive sucking goes some way to reducing pain during retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:e76-79.
  • 34. Marsh VA, Young WO, Dunaway KK, et al. Efficacy of topical anaesthetics to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39:829-833.
  • 35. Mehta M, Mansfield T, VanderVeen DK. Effect of topical anesthesia and age on pain scores during retinopathy of prematurity screening. J Perinatol 2010; 30:731-735.
  • 36. Cogen MS, Parker JS, Sleep TE, et al. Masked trial of topical anesthesia for retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations. J AAPOS 2011; 15:45-48.
  • 37. Kabataş EU, Dursun A, Beken S, et al. Efficacy of single dose oral paracetamol in reducing pain during examination for retinopathy of prematurity: A blinded randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:22-26.
  • 38. O’Sullivan OA, O'Connor M, Brosnahan D, McCreery K, Dempsey EM. Sweeten, soother and swaddle for retinopathy of prematurity screening: A randomised placebo controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2010; 95:419-422.
  • 39. Gal P, Kissling GE, Young WO, et al. Efficacy of sucrose to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39:1029-1033.
  • 40. Gray L, Miller LW. Philipp BL. Blass EM. Breastfeeding is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics 2002; 109:590-593.
  • 41. Codipietro L, Ceccarelli M, Ponzone A. Breastfeeding or oral sucrose solution in term neonates receiving heel lance: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e716-720.
  • 42. Upadhyay A, Aggarwal R, Narayan S, et al. Analgesic effect of expressed breastmilk in procedural pain in term neonates: A randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind trial. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93:518-522.
  • 43. Ribeiro LM, Castral TC, Montanholi LL, et al. Human milk for neonatal pain relief during ophthalmoscopy. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2013; 47:1039-1045.

Pan Management in Retinopathy of Prematurity Examination

Year 2018, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 170 - 175, 01.07.2018

Abstract

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease seen in
preterm newborns (below 32 weeks) with birth weights
below 1500 gm caused by abnormal development of eye
retinal vessels. ROP, which causes various complications
such as eye myopia, retinal detachment, amblyopia,
strabismus, macular ectopia, pupillary block and
complete blindness, can be diagnosed and treated early
with eye examinations. Although ROP examinations are
performed using by topical anesthetics and eye drops
that dilate the eyebrows, studies have shown that
newborns suffer from high pain during the procedure.
Minimizing or eliminating the pain is the most natural
right of every newborn and requires a multidisciplinary
team approach. Various pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods can be used to reduce or
eliminate neonatal pain. In this study, pharmacological
and non-pharmacological methods used in pain
management in preterm newborns who have
undergone ROP examination have been discussed in the
light of the results of the evidence-based research on
the subject. To this end, nurses should apply the
methods effectiveness of which have been proven and
evidence-based study practices in reducing neonatal
pain and in assessing the effectiveness of the
application.

References

  • 1. Yıldız M, Özmen TA. Prematüre retinopatisinde güncel tedaviler. J Curr Pediatr 2010; 8:72-77.
  • 2. Koç E, Baş YA, Özdek Ş, et al. TOD ROP Komisyonu, TND ROP Çalışma Grubu. Türkiye prematüre retinopatisi rehberi 2016. Türk Neonataloji Derneği ve Türk Oftalmoloji Derneği 2016:4-53.http:// w w w . n e o n a t o l o g y . o r g . t r / w p c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 1 6 / 1 2 / premature_retinopatisi_rehberi.pdf.Erişim tarihi:20.10.2017.
  • 3. Yalaz M, Arslanoğlu S, Erakgün ET, ve ark. Prematüre retinopatisi risk faktörleri ve koruyucu önlemler. Türkiye Klinikleri Pediatri 2003; 12:1-8.
  • 4. Uslu S, Bülbül A. Neonatoloji bakış açısı ile prematüre retinopatisi. ŞEEAH Tıp Bülteni 2011; 45:142- 152.
  • 5. Özcan E, Yenice Ö, Kazokoğlu H, ve ark. Prematüre retinopatisi gelişiminde etkili risk faktörleri ve tarama sonuçları. Ret-Vit 2006; 14:127-132.
  • 6. Gilbert C, Fielder A, Gordillo L, et al. Characteristics of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity in countries with low, moderate and high levels of development: Implications for screening programs. Pediatrics 2005; 115:e518-525.
  • 7. Tolsma KW, Allred EN, Chen ML, et al. Neonatal bacteremia and rethinopathy of prematurity: The ELGAN Study. Arch Ofthalmol 2011; 129:1555- 1563.
  • 8. Bas AY, Koç E, Dilmen U. ROP Neonatal Study Group. Incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1311-1314.
  • 9. Rush R, Rush S, Ighanı F, et al. The effects of comfort care on the pain response in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2005; 25:59-62.
  • 10. Boyle EM, Freer Y, Khan-Orakzai Z, et al. Sucrose and non-nutritive sucking for the relief of pain in screening for retinopathy of prematurity: A randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:166-168.
  • 11. Tasman W. Retinopathy of prematurity: Do we still have a problem? Arch Ophthalmol 2011; 129:1083- 1086.
  • 12. Başmak H. Premature retinopatisi. Türkiye Klinikleri Oftalmoloji-Özel Konular 2011; 4:20-26.
  • 13. Gilbert C, Foster A. Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020-the right to sight. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79:227-232.
  • 14. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics 2013; 131:189-195.
  • 15. Wilson CM, Ells AL, Fielder AR. The challenge of screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Clin Perinatol 2013; 40:241-59.
  • 16. Belda S, Pallas C, De La Cruz J, Tejada P. Screening for retinopathy of prematurity: Is it painful? Biol Neonate 2004; 86:195-200.
  • 17. Mitchell A, Stevens B, Mungan N, et al. Analgesic effects of oral sucrose and pacifier during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Pain Manag Nurs 2004; 5:160-168.
  • 18. Kirchner L, Jeitler V, Pollak A, et al. Must screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity necessarily be painful? Retina 2009; 29:586-591.
  • 19. Grabska J, Walden P, Lerer T, et al. Can oral sucrose reduce the pain and distress associated with screening for retinopathy of prematurity? J Perinatol 2005; 25:33-35.
  • 20. Hartrey R. Anaesthesia for the laser treatment of neonates with retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond) 2007; 21:1025-1027.
  • 21. Kleberg A, Warren I, Norman E, et al. Lower stress responses after Newborn Individualized Development Care and Assessment Program care during eye screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity: A randomized study. Pediatrics 2008; 121:1267-1278.
  • 22. Slevin M, Murphy J, Daly L, O’Keefe M. Retinopathy of prematurity screening, stress related responses, the role of nesting. Br J Ophthalmol 1997; 81:762- 764.
  • 23. Laws DE, Morton C, Weindling M, Clark D. Systemic effects of screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Opthalmol 1996; 80:425-428.
  • 24. Şener Taplak A, Erdem E. A Comparison of breast milk and sucrose in reducing neonatal pain during eye exam for retinopathy of prematurity. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:305-310.
  • 25. Rosali L, Nesargi S, Mathew S, et al. Efficacy of expressed breast milk in reducing pain during rop screening-A randomized controlled trial. J Trop Pediatr 2015; 61:135-138.
  • 26. Nesargi SV, Nithyanandam S, Rao S, Nimbalkar S, Bhat S. Topical Anesthesia or oral dextrose for the relief of pain in screening for retinopathy of prematurity: A randomized controlled doubleblinded trial. J Trop Pediatr 2015; 61:20-24.
  • 27. American Academy of Pediatrics, Canadian Paediatric Society. Prevention and management of pain in the neonate: An update. Pediatrics 2006; 118:2231-2241.
  • 28. Anand KJS, International Evidence-Based Group for Neonatal Pain. Consensus statement for the prevention management of pain in the newborn. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 55:173-180.
  • 29. Simons SH, van Dijk M, Anand KS, et al. Do we stil hurt newborn babies? A prospective study of procedural pain and analgesia in neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157:1058-1064.
  • 30. Johnston CC, Strada ME. Acute pain response in infants: A multidimensional description. Pain 1986; 24:372-382.
  • 31. Olsson E, Eriksson M. Oral glucose for pain relief during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:1054-1059.
  • 32. Costa MC, Eckert GU, Fortes BG, et al. Oral glucose for pain relief during examination for retinopathy of prematurity: A masked randomized clinical trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:199-204.
  • 33. Dilli D, İlarslan NE, Kabataş EU, et al. Oral sucrose and non-nutritive sucking goes some way to reducing pain during retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:e76-79.
  • 34. Marsh VA, Young WO, Dunaway KK, et al. Efficacy of topical anaesthetics to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39:829-833.
  • 35. Mehta M, Mansfield T, VanderVeen DK. Effect of topical anesthesia and age on pain scores during retinopathy of prematurity screening. J Perinatol 2010; 30:731-735.
  • 36. Cogen MS, Parker JS, Sleep TE, et al. Masked trial of topical anesthesia for retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations. J AAPOS 2011; 15:45-48.
  • 37. Kabataş EU, Dursun A, Beken S, et al. Efficacy of single dose oral paracetamol in reducing pain during examination for retinopathy of prematurity: A blinded randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:22-26.
  • 38. O’Sullivan OA, O'Connor M, Brosnahan D, McCreery K, Dempsey EM. Sweeten, soother and swaddle for retinopathy of prematurity screening: A randomised placebo controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2010; 95:419-422.
  • 39. Gal P, Kissling GE, Young WO, et al. Efficacy of sucrose to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39:1029-1033.
  • 40. Gray L, Miller LW. Philipp BL. Blass EM. Breastfeeding is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics 2002; 109:590-593.
  • 41. Codipietro L, Ceccarelli M, Ponzone A. Breastfeeding or oral sucrose solution in term neonates receiving heel lance: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e716-720.
  • 42. Upadhyay A, Aggarwal R, Narayan S, et al. Analgesic effect of expressed breastmilk in procedural pain in term neonates: A randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind trial. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93:518-522.
  • 43. Ribeiro LM, Castral TC, Montanholi LL, et al. Human milk for neonatal pain relief during ophthalmoscopy. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2013; 47:1039-1045.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA62SR27EU
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşe Şener Taplak This is me

Emine Erdem This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2018
Submission Date July 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 27 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Taplak, A. Ş., & Erdem, E. (2018). PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 170-175.
AMA Taplak AŞ, Erdem E. PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ. JHS. July 2018;27(2):170-175.
Chicago Taplak, Ayşe Şener, and Emine Erdem. “PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 27, no. 2 (July 2018): 170-75.
EndNote Taplak AŞ, Erdem E (July 1, 2018) PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 27 2 170–175.
IEEE A. Ş. Taplak and E. Erdem, “PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ”, JHS, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 170–175, 2018.
ISNAD Taplak, Ayşe Şener - Erdem, Emine. “PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 27/2 (July 2018), 170-175.
JAMA Taplak AŞ, Erdem E. PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ. JHS. 2018;27:170–175.
MLA Taplak, Ayşe Şener and Emine Erdem. “PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 2, 2018, pp. 170-5.
Vancouver Taplak AŞ, Erdem E. PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ. JHS. 2018;27(2):170-5.