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Arap Baharı ve Sonrasında ABD’nin Libya Politikası

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 170 - 189, 03.01.2021

Abstract

Öz: 2010 yılında Tunus’ta başlayan ayaklanmalar kısa sürede birçok ülkeye yayılmış ve bazı ülkeler için sonu gelmeyen Arap Baharı süreci başlamıştır. Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da otoriter rejimlere karşı başlayan ayaklanmalar ile ABD’nin çıkarlarını koruması ve değişimin gidişatına karşı politika üretmesi elzem hale gelmiştir. Libya Devrimi’ne kadar olan süreçte, ABD-Libya ilişkileri gergin bir çizgide seyretmiştir. Barack Hussein Obama yönetiminde Irak ve Afganistan örneklerinden dolayı daha pasif bir duruş sergileyen ABD, sorumluğu tek başına üstlenmekten kaçınmış ve daha fazla işbirliğine dayalı bir yol izlemeyi tercih etmiştir. Donald Trump yönetimi ile birlikte devrim sonrası süreçte muğlak politikalar takip etmiştir. Libya, devrim sonrasında siyasi kriz ve iç çatışmalara sürüklenmiş ancak Rusya, BAE, Mısır ve Türkiye’nin etkin olduğu bu krize ABD şu ana kadar doğrudan dahil olmayı tercih etmemiştir.

References

  • Aldous, R. (2012), Reagan and Thatcher: The Difficult Relationship, Random House, London.
  • Alterman, Jon B. (2006), “Libya and the U.S.: The Unique Libyan Case”, Middle East Quarterly, 13(1): 21-29.
  • Anton, M. “The Trump Doctrine”, Foreign Policy, April 20, 2019.
  • Apple, R. W. (1986), “U.S. Said to Hope Clashes Prompt Moves in Libya to Oust Qaddafi,” The New York Times, s. A8.
  • Botswana Guardian (December 2011), “Muammar Gaddafi: A Dictator or a Freedom Fighter?” 2 Aralık 2012.
  • Blanchard, C. M. (2014), “Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy”, Congressional Research Service, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33142.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2020.
  • Blanchard, C. M. and Zanotti, J. (2011), “Libya: Background and U.S. Relations”, CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20110225_RL33142_2e8667fc1f6553acc290a55a960ba60c43ed8bee.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2020.
  • Blomdahl, M. (2013), “Interacting Interests: Explaining President Obama’s Libyan Decision”, European Journal of American Studies, 13(2): 1-15.
  • Blomdhal, M. (2016), “Bureaucratic Roles and Positions: Explaining the U.S.A. Libya Decision”, Diplomacy & Statecraft, 27(1): 142-161.
  • Bruce, R. (2008), “Redefining the Libyan Revolution: The Changing Ideology of Muammar al-Qaddafi”, The Journal of North African Studies, 13(1): 91-107.
  • Ceviz, N. (2011), “Libya Tarihine Kısa Bir Bakış”, Orta Doğu Analiz, 3(21): 80-90.
  • Devenport, K. (2018), “Chronology of Libya's Disarmament and Relations with the United States” Arms Control, January 2018.
  • Dunne, M. (2008), “The United States and Libya: Where Do We Go From Here?” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org /2008/09/03/united-states-and-libya-where-do-we-go-from-here-pub-20447, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2020.
  • DW (2004) “Jürgen Stryjak: ABD ile Libya Arasında Buzlar Eriyor”, 11 Mart 2004.
  • DW (2011), “Kaddafi’ye Dört Koldan Baskı”, 26 Şubat 2011.
  • Ermağan, İ. (2012), “Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde ABD Dış Politikası – Obama Dönemi ve AK Parti”, Elektronik Siyaset Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2): 24.
  • Fishman, B. (May 2017), “The Trump Administration and Libya The Necessity for Engagement”, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Notes, PN 40.
  • Gündüz, O. ve Göçoğlu, V. (Ocak 2020), “Ulusal Güvenlik Politikası Çerçevesinde ABD’nin Güvenlik Anlayışına Kronolojik Bir Bakış” OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(21): 725-755.
  • Hammer, C. (2015), American Pendulum: Recuring Debates in U.S.Grand Strategy Cornell University Press.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jan/31/lockerbie.derekbrown, 31 Ocak 2001.
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1975365.stm, 8 Mayıs 2002.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jan/31/lockerbie.derekbrown, 31 Ocak 2001.
  • https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2011/02/110224_obama_libya_diplomacy.shtml, 24 Şubat 2011.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/28/us-treasury-blocks-libya-assets, 28 Şubat 2011.
  • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36013703, 11 Nisan 2016.
  • https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/108-dolari-asan-petrol-urkuttu-opec-acilen-toplanma-karari-aldi-17095254, 23 Şubat 2011.
  • https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/s/res/1973-%282011%29, 17 Mart 2011.
  • https://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_2011_04/20110402_110402-oup-update.pdf, 1 Nisan 2011.
  • https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/john-christopher-stevens-us-ambassador-to-libya-dies-at-52/2012/09/12/b1c00cee-fcd0-11e1-8adc-499661afe377_story.html, 12 Eylül 2012.
  • Jane Deeb, M. (1991), Libya’s Foreign Policy in North Africa, Westview Press, New York, ss. 6-10.
  • Leblond, M. (2017), NATO Military Intervention in Libya: A Hit and Run Campaign, Canada Forces College.
  • Lindsay, James M. (2012), “The Domestic Sources of Amrican Foreign Policy” (Ed. McCormick, J. M.) The Shifting Pendulum of Power Executive-Legistative Relations on American Foreign Policy, ss. 223-238.
  • Mezran, K. and Varvelli, A. (2017), Foreign Actor in Libya Crisis, Atlantic Council, Milano.
  • NATO (April 1, 2011), NATO and Libya Operational Media Update.
  • Neumann, R. (2000), “Libya: A U.S. Policy Perspective”, Middle East Policy, 7(2): 142-145.
  • Nmoma, V. (2009), “Power and Force: Libya’s Relations With The United States” Journal of Third World Studies, 26(2): 137-159.
  • Notaras, M., Vesselin P. (2011), “UN The Responsibility to Protect”, https://unu.edu/publications/articles/responsibility-to-protect-and-the-protection-of-civilians.html, Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2020
  • Sawani, Y. M. (2014), “The United States and Libya: Turbulent History and Uncertain Future”, International Relations and Diplomacy, 2(12): 783-793.
Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 170 - 189, 03.01.2021

Abstract

References

  • Aldous, R. (2012), Reagan and Thatcher: The Difficult Relationship, Random House, London.
  • Alterman, Jon B. (2006), “Libya and the U.S.: The Unique Libyan Case”, Middle East Quarterly, 13(1): 21-29.
  • Anton, M. “The Trump Doctrine”, Foreign Policy, April 20, 2019.
  • Apple, R. W. (1986), “U.S. Said to Hope Clashes Prompt Moves in Libya to Oust Qaddafi,” The New York Times, s. A8.
  • Botswana Guardian (December 2011), “Muammar Gaddafi: A Dictator or a Freedom Fighter?” 2 Aralık 2012.
  • Blanchard, C. M. (2014), “Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy”, Congressional Research Service, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33142.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2020.
  • Blanchard, C. M. and Zanotti, J. (2011), “Libya: Background and U.S. Relations”, CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20110225_RL33142_2e8667fc1f6553acc290a55a960ba60c43ed8bee.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2020.
  • Blomdahl, M. (2013), “Interacting Interests: Explaining President Obama’s Libyan Decision”, European Journal of American Studies, 13(2): 1-15.
  • Blomdhal, M. (2016), “Bureaucratic Roles and Positions: Explaining the U.S.A. Libya Decision”, Diplomacy & Statecraft, 27(1): 142-161.
  • Bruce, R. (2008), “Redefining the Libyan Revolution: The Changing Ideology of Muammar al-Qaddafi”, The Journal of North African Studies, 13(1): 91-107.
  • Ceviz, N. (2011), “Libya Tarihine Kısa Bir Bakış”, Orta Doğu Analiz, 3(21): 80-90.
  • Devenport, K. (2018), “Chronology of Libya's Disarmament and Relations with the United States” Arms Control, January 2018.
  • Dunne, M. (2008), “The United States and Libya: Where Do We Go From Here?” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org /2008/09/03/united-states-and-libya-where-do-we-go-from-here-pub-20447, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2020.
  • DW (2004) “Jürgen Stryjak: ABD ile Libya Arasında Buzlar Eriyor”, 11 Mart 2004.
  • DW (2011), “Kaddafi’ye Dört Koldan Baskı”, 26 Şubat 2011.
  • Ermağan, İ. (2012), “Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde ABD Dış Politikası – Obama Dönemi ve AK Parti”, Elektronik Siyaset Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2): 24.
  • Fishman, B. (May 2017), “The Trump Administration and Libya The Necessity for Engagement”, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Notes, PN 40.
  • Gündüz, O. ve Göçoğlu, V. (Ocak 2020), “Ulusal Güvenlik Politikası Çerçevesinde ABD’nin Güvenlik Anlayışına Kronolojik Bir Bakış” OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(21): 725-755.
  • Hammer, C. (2015), American Pendulum: Recuring Debates in U.S.Grand Strategy Cornell University Press.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jan/31/lockerbie.derekbrown, 31 Ocak 2001.
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1975365.stm, 8 Mayıs 2002.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jan/31/lockerbie.derekbrown, 31 Ocak 2001.
  • https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2011/02/110224_obama_libya_diplomacy.shtml, 24 Şubat 2011.
  • https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/28/us-treasury-blocks-libya-assets, 28 Şubat 2011.
  • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36013703, 11 Nisan 2016.
  • https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/108-dolari-asan-petrol-urkuttu-opec-acilen-toplanma-karari-aldi-17095254, 23 Şubat 2011.
  • https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/s/res/1973-%282011%29, 17 Mart 2011.
  • https://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_2011_04/20110402_110402-oup-update.pdf, 1 Nisan 2011.
  • https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/john-christopher-stevens-us-ambassador-to-libya-dies-at-52/2012/09/12/b1c00cee-fcd0-11e1-8adc-499661afe377_story.html, 12 Eylül 2012.
  • Jane Deeb, M. (1991), Libya’s Foreign Policy in North Africa, Westview Press, New York, ss. 6-10.
  • Leblond, M. (2017), NATO Military Intervention in Libya: A Hit and Run Campaign, Canada Forces College.
  • Lindsay, James M. (2012), “The Domestic Sources of Amrican Foreign Policy” (Ed. McCormick, J. M.) The Shifting Pendulum of Power Executive-Legistative Relations on American Foreign Policy, ss. 223-238.
  • Mezran, K. and Varvelli, A. (2017), Foreign Actor in Libya Crisis, Atlantic Council, Milano.
  • NATO (April 1, 2011), NATO and Libya Operational Media Update.
  • Neumann, R. (2000), “Libya: A U.S. Policy Perspective”, Middle East Policy, 7(2): 142-145.
  • Nmoma, V. (2009), “Power and Force: Libya’s Relations With The United States” Journal of Third World Studies, 26(2): 137-159.
  • Notaras, M., Vesselin P. (2011), “UN The Responsibility to Protect”, https://unu.edu/publications/articles/responsibility-to-protect-and-the-protection-of-civilians.html, Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2020
  • Sawani, Y. M. (2014), “The United States and Libya: Turbulent History and Uncertain Future”, International Relations and Diplomacy, 2(12): 783-793.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ömer Özkan 0000-0002-6118-1058

Publication Date January 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özkan, Ö. (2021). Arap Baharı ve Sonrasında ABD’nin Libya Politikası. LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 170-189.

Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi (LAÜ) Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi haziran ve aralık aylarında olmak üzere yılda iki defa yayınlanan iki hakemli bir dergidir. Derginin yelpazesi toplum bilimlerinin tüm disiplinlerini ve dallarını kapsamaktadır. LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi yalnızca Türkçe ve İngilizce makaleleri kabul etmektedir.  http://euljss.eul.edu.tr/euljss/