INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

General information
• The European Research Journal (EuRJ) is an international double-blind peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes manuscripts describing both clinical and basic science research in medicine.
• Manuscripts must describe original data that has not been published previously nor submitted for publication elsewhere.
• Manuscripts that adhere to the EuRJ submission guidelines and are deemed appropriate for the scope of the journal are sent to two reviewers who are specialists in the field.
• The members of the Editorial Board who discuss the suitability of then consider the reviewers’ comments each submission.
• The final decision for all submitted manuscripts rests with the Editor-in-Chief.

Ethics Committee Approval
For all research conducted in all scientific disciplines requiring ethics committee approval, an ethics committee decision must have been obtained, and information regarding the decision must be stated in the article text. Our journal does not consider studies that do not have an ethics committee decision. In studies requiring ethics committee approval, information about the approval (committee name, date, and number) must be included in the article text. 

Research Requiring Ethics Committee Approval
Any research conducted using qualitative or quantitative approaches that requires data collection from participants through surveys, interviews, focus groups, observation, experiments, or interview techniques,
The use of humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes,
Clinical research conducted on humans,
Research conducted on animals,
Retrospective studies in accordance with the personal data protection law.

NOTE: All research involving human subjects must comply with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki; informed consent must be obtained in clinical trials and stated in the article. The consent of legal guardians is required for children, wards, or individuals with mental illness. The confidentiality of participants must be protected, and research must be designed without risk, respecting autonomy and dignity. Animal experiments must be ethical committee approved and comply with ARRIVE and ICLAS guidelines; authors should describe measures to prevent pain and suffering. Studies involving plants should be based on IUCN policies and the CITES convention; experiments, fieldwork, and material collection should be conducted in accordance with national and international legislation. Permits required for the removal of plant or seed samples should be specified.

Copyright transfer
Prusa Medical Publishing retains the copyright to all material published in the EuRJ. Prusa Medical Publishing is not responsible for any legal claims arising from the publication of a manuscript. A Copyright Transfer Agreement form may be downloaded from the Copyright Form link and must be submitted together with the manuscript at the time of initial submission. All authors must sign the form, indicating that they agree to the publication of their manuscript in the EuRJ should their manuscript be accepted. A scanned file (PDF, TIFF, or JPEG) of the signed Copyright Transfer Agreement may be submitted at the time of online submission of the manuscript. The Editorial Office must receive the Copyright Transfer Agreement before any action can be taken regarding the manuscript.

Conflict of interest policy
Authors are required to disclose all conflicts of interest that may have influenced their research or the preparation and writing of their manuscript. Conflicts of interest may include both financial and non-financial relationships. Because it is often difficult to determine whether a conflict of interest exists, Editorial Board requests that all potential conflicts be declared at the time of initial submission of the manuscript on the title page. Other pertinent relationships that may be relevant should be disclosed to the Editor-in-Chief in the cover letter at the time of submission.

Manuscript submission
All manuscripts must conform to the language and writing style of the EuRJ. This includes submitting the manuscript with correct medical English and submitting any figures and tables in the specified formats. Authors should submit their manuscript and accompanying material to the EuRJ via the online Editorial Manager system by logging on Submit Article page and uploading all manuscript files following the instructions given.

Authorship
All authors should have been directly involved in the work described in the manuscript. Additional contributors to a manuscript, such as professors or others who gave helpful advice or companies that donated material, may be thanked in the Acknowledgments section following the main text. There should be no more than six authors in the case reports. The EuRJ does not permit two or more authors to be “equal contributors” to a manuscript.

Permission
All figures, tables, and text passages previously published require permission from the copyright owner(s) for the EuRJ. The authors must bear all expenses related to obtaining such permission. By signing the copyright form, you state that the EuRJ owns the copyright to the material in your article. Permission must be obtained for any material to which the authors do not own the full copyright. No material, such as clinical images or charts, photos, graphs, or images of devices that may have been obtained from their producers, can be published without such permission. To secure the right to publish material that you do not own, contact the holder of the copyright (journal in which it was published, book publishers, or company that developed the instrument) by e-mail describing in detail the material you wish to use and stating that you wish to include that material in your manuscript (including the title The copyright owner will usually reply stating that permission has been granted. A copy of the reply must be forwarded to the EuRJ offices with the number of your manuscript and a description of the materials in question. Most copyright permissions will specify conditions relating to the way in which reference to the permission should be stated. These conditions must be adhered to in full. Otherwise, the permission may be invalid. Note that in some instances, copyright owners may require payment. In these cases, the authors must bear all such costs. As papers cannot be changed once accepted, authors are advised to apply for copyright permission early to prevent the possibility of the paper having to be withdrawn from publication. Note that receiving permission may take up to eight weeks and that the paper cannot be processed for publication before such permission has been granted.

Manuscript preparation
Manuscripts should be created using Microsoft Word and be double-spaced with 2.5 cm margins on all sides. Pages should be numbered consecutively, with consecutive line numbering from the first through the last page, using the automatic numbering function of the software. The recommended font is Times New Roman, and the font size is 12 points. The entire manuscript for a full-length article, including references and tables, should be no more than 6000 words. Do not use field functions. For indenting, use tab stops, not the space bar. For tables, use the table function, not spreadsheets. For equations, use either the equation editor or MathType.

Abstracts
A structured abstract of no more than 250 words is required. The Abstract for all manuscripts except case reports should be divided into Objectives, Methods, Results, and Conclusions.

Keywords
Keywords are required for indexing and abstracting services. Up to six words should be listed.

Main text
The main text of an original article should be divided into Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion sections. Abbreviations must be defined following their first use in the Abstract as well as in the main text and the figures and tables. Only commonly accepted abbreviations should be used. Drug and chemical names should be stated using generic or standard chemical nomenclature. Units of measurement should conform to the International System (SI); however, clinical data may be presented in conventional units where deemed more appropriate.

Headings and subheadings
Use no more than three levels of headings.

Footnotes
Footnotes may be used to give additional information. Still, they should not consist of a reference citation, which is not included in the reference list at the end of the manuscript, and must not contain figures or tables. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively and separately for the title page, the main text, and each table. Footnotes should be indicated by superscript lowercase letters or numbers or by asterisks for significance values and other statistical data. Footnotes should be positioned at the bottom of the page or table in which they appear.

Acknowledgments
The Acknowledgments section should follow the main text. If data from other published sources are used, the authors must obtain permission as explained above and state full acknowledgment as indicated by the copyright owners. Acknowledgments should also be made of research grants, technicians and colleagues who assisted in the study, individuals or companies who provided materials, and mentors who provided advice and encouragement.

Contribution Rate Declaration
For studies with multiple authors, authors must submit a statement of contribution ratio and a conflict of interest statement during the article submission process. Additionally, if the work is based on a doctoral/master's thesis, this should be indicated in a footnote at the bottom of the first page of the article. 

Use of Artificial Intelligence
If artificial intelligence-based tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Grammarly, etc.) were used during the article production process, the stages in which they were utilized must be clearly stated. This information must be provided during the article submission process. All responsibility regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence lies with the authors.

References
References should be consecutively numbered in order of appearance in the main text and be cited using Latin numerals in square brackets before the punctuation. Do not cite personal communications, manuscripts in preparation, or other unpublished data as references. They should only include works cited in the text that have been either published or accepted for publication. Journal abbreviations should conform to those used in PUBMED. The style and punctuation of the references should follow the formats outlined in the examples below:

Journal
Less than six authors:
1. Duman N, Korkmaz NS, Erol Z. Tissue eosinophilia: a histopathological marker associated with stromal invasion but not histopathological grade in cutaneous squamous neoplasia. Eur Res J. 2015;1(3):88-93. doi: 10.18621/eurj.2015.1.3.88 

More than six authors:
2. Budak E, Taymur I, Askin R, et al. Relationship between internet addiction, psychopathology and self-esteem among university students. Eur Res J. 2015;1(3):128-135. doi: 10.18621/eurj.2015.1.3.128 

Chapter in Book:
3. Vinten-Johansen J, Zhao Z-Q, Guyton RA. Cardiac surgical physiology. In: Cohn LH, Edmunds LH Jr, eds. Cardiac Surgery in the Adult. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2003: pp. 53-84.

Website/Web page:
4. University of Alabama School of Medicine. Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support. Available at: www.uab.edu/intermacs. Accessed April 13, 2012.

Table
Create tables using Microsoft Word so that any corrections or revisions made can be tracked. Tables should be numbered using Latin numerals and should follow the References section. Each table should have an appropriate title briefly explaining the contents of the table. Tables should always be cited in the text in consecutive numerical order. Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption. Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.

Figures
Each figure should be added to the main text following references or tables on separate pages. Number all figures consecutively. For figures with multiple parts, each part should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.). If you use an appendix in your manuscript containing one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of figures from the main text. Do not number the appendix figures “a1, a2, a3, etc.”.

Figure legends
Legends for all figures should be included at the end of the manuscript, beginning with the word “Figure” in bold type, followed by the figure number in bold type. Do not use any punctuation following the figure number or place any punctuation at the end of the legend. The legend should define all elements included in the figure, such as boxes, circles, and arrows. Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure legends.

Multicenter clinical trials
The EuRJ welcomes the submission of manuscripts reporting the results of multicenter clinical trials. These manuscripts may be submitted with authorship in one of the following styles:

•The name of a study group only (collective authorship)
•The names of no more than five individuals and the name of a study group

In each case, one individual must serve as the corresponding author, and the names of all individuals specifically involved in the preparation of the manuscript should be listed under the heading Writing Committee following the Acknowledgments section. This should be followed by a list of investigators from each institution under the heading Study Group Investigators. Each author and each Writing Committee member must sign the Copyright Transfer Agreement.

Proofreading
Proofreading aims to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables, and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, or changes in title and authorship, are not allowed without the editor's approval. After online publication, further changes can be made only in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Content responsibility
Content and scientific accuracy of all manuscripts and any electronic supplementary material is the authors' sole responsibility. The EuRJ will assume no responsibility for any legal claim arising from injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence, or other circumstances, nor from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the published material. No test or procedure should be carried out unless the reader considers it safe. Independent verification of all diagnoses and drug dosages should be performed. Discussions, views, and recommendations regarding medical procedures, choice of drugs, and drug dosages are the authors' sole responsibility.

Disclaimer
Although all advertising material in the EuRJ is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, their inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement by the EuRJ regarding the quality or value of any product or the claim made for it by its manufacturer.

Submission Preparation Checklist
As part of the submission process, authors must check off their submission’s compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

• Confirm that you have seen, read, and understood the publisher guidelines on copyright and author rights.
• Confirm that the manuscript has been submitted solely to this journal and is not published in the press or submitted elsewhere.
• Confirm that all the research meets the ethical guidelines, including adherence to the legal requirements of the study country.
• Please confirm that you have added all of your co-authors. Failure to do so may result in your co-authors not being listed on the paper at publication.
• Main Document must be structured as follows;
Title and running title
Abstract (Structured abstract for Original articles),
Introduction,
Methods,
Results,
Discussion,
Conclusion,
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interests,
References,
Tables,
Figure & Legends (high-resolution images may be required if accepted for publication)

6. References
References should be written according to Journal rules

Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics
a) Plagiarism: Presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures, or works of others as one's own, in whole or in part, without proper scientific attribution to the original authors.
b) Fabrication: Producing data that is not based on research, editing or altering a submitted or published work based on false data, reporting or publishing such data, presenting research that has not been conducted as if it had been conducted,
c) Distortion: Tampering with research records and obtained data, presenting methods, devices, and materials not used in the research as if they had been used, excluding data that does not fit the research hypothesis from evaluation, manipulating data and/or results to fit relevant theories or assumptions, distorting or shaping research results in line with the interests of the individuals and organizations providing support,
ç) Duplicate publication: Presenting multiple works containing the same results of a research as separate works in associate professorship examination evaluations and academic promotions,
d) Salami slicing: Presenting the results of a study as separate works in associate professorship examination evaluations and academic promotions by dividing them into parts in an inappropriate manner that disrupts the integrity of the study and publishing them in numerous publications without cross-referencing each other,
e) Unfair authorship: Including individuals who have not made an active contribution among the authors, not including individuals who have made an active contribution among the authors, changing the order of authors without justification and in an inappropriate manner, removing the names of those who have made an active contribution from the work during publication or in subsequent editions, including one's name among the authors by using one's influence despite not having made an active contribution,

Other types of ethical violations include:
a) Failing to acknowledge the individuals, institutions, or organizations that provided support for research conducted with such support, or failing to acknowledge their contributions in publications resulting from such research,
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or defended and accepted as a source without the permission of the owner,
c) Failing to comply with ethical rules in research conducted on humans and animals, failing to respect patient rights in publications,
c) Acting contrary to the provisions of relevant legislation in biomedical research involving humans and other clinical research,
d) Sharing information contained in a work assigned for review with others prior to publication without the express permission of the author,
e) Using resources, facilities, opportunities, and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research for purposes other than those intended,
f) Making unfounded, inappropriate, and deliberate allegations of ethical violations,
g) Publishing data obtained without the explicit consent of participants in surveys and attitude studies conducted as part of scientific work, or without the permission of the institution if the research is to be conducted at an institution,
h) Harming animal health and ecological balance in research and experiments,
ı) Failing to obtain the necessary written permissions from the competent authorities before starting research and experiments.
i) Conducting research and experiments that violate the relevant provisions of legislation or international agreements to which Turkey is a party.
j) Failure by researchers and officials to comply with the obligation to inform and warn relevant parties about potentially harmful practices related to scientific research,
k) In scientific studies, failing to use data and information obtained from other persons and institutions to the extent and in the manner permitted, failing to respect the confidentiality of this information, and failing to ensure its protection.
l) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions.

PUBLICATION ETHICS PRINCIPLES

Ethics Committee Approval
For all research conducted in all scientific disciplines requiring ethics committee approval, an ethics committee decision must have been obtained, and information regarding the decision must be stated in the article text. Our journal does not consider studies that do not have an ethics committee decision. In studies requiring ethics committee approval, information about the approval (committee name, date, and number) must be included in the article text. For detailed information, please review our Writing Rules page.

Detecting Plagiarism
Articles submitted for publication in The European Research Journal are scanned using the Turnitin program to confirm that they have not been previously published and do not contain plagiarism. If plagiarism is detected in an article submitted to or published in our journal, our journal acts in accordance with COPE principles (Plagiarism in a submitted manuscript - Plagiarism in a published article).

Use of Artificial Intelligence
The use of artificial intelligence in studies submitted to our journal is acceptable in processes that do not affect the originality of the article, such as literature review or language control. However, the use of artificial intelligence must be carried out within the framework of ethical rules and must not be used for unethical purposes such as fabricating data or manipulation. For studies involving the use of artificial intelligence, it is mandatory to inform our journal of this situation during the article submission stage. All responsibility regarding the use of artificial intelligence lies with the authors themselves.

Relations with the Journal Owner and Publisher
The relationship between the editor and the publisher is based on the principle of editorial independence. In accordance with the written contract between the editor and the publisher, all editorial decisions are independent of the publisher and the journal owner.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. In the case of major errors/violations that invalidate findings and conclusions, editors should consider retracting the article. COPE principles are taken into account in relation to correction, withdrawal or expression of concern.

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
Our journal is obliged to protect the intellectual property rights of all published articles and to defend the rights of the journal and the author(s) in possible violations.

Protection of Personal Data of Participants
All personal data sent to our journal are protected in accordance with legal regulations and ethical rules.

Complaints
Any unethical behavior of the editors, referees, authors, or any unethical situation related to an article in the review process, in early view, or published in The European Research Journal should be reported to info@prusamp.com. Our journal follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowcharts for complaints.

Conflicts of interest
Our journal guarantees the independent and impartial completion of the publication process, taking into account the conflicts of interest between the author(s), reviewers and other editors.

Change of Author
Only the article is processed before acceptance. Authors are required to carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the exact list of authors at the time of original submission.

STAKEHOLDERS' RESPONSIBILITIES

Authors’ responsibilities
1. Authors must certify that their manuscript is their original work.
2. Authors must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere, or even submitted and been in reviewed in another journal.
3. The authors must participate in the peer-review process and follow the comments.
4. Authors are obliged to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.
5. All Authors mentioned in the paper must have significantly contributed to the research. The level of their contribution also must be defined in the “Authors’ Contributions” section of the article.
6. The authors must state that all data in the paper are real and authentic.
7. The authors must notify the Editors of any conflicts of interest.
8. The authors must identify all sources used in the creation of their manuscript.
9. Authors must report any errors they discover in their published paper to the Editors.
10. Authors must not use irrelevant sources that may help other researches/journals.
11. Authors cannot withdraw their articles within the review process or after submission, or they must pay the penalty defined by the publisher.

Peer review/responsibility for the reviewers
1. Reviewers should keep all information regarding papers confidential and treat them as privileged information.
2. Reviews should be conducted objectively, with no personal criticism of the author. No self-knowledge of the author(s) must affect their comments and decision.
3. Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments in 500 to 1000 words.
4. Reviewers may identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors.
5. Reviewers should also call to the Editor in Chief’s attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.
6. Reviewers should not review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Editorial responsibilities
1. Editors (Associate Editors or Editor in Chief) have complete responsibility and authority to reject/accept an article.
2. Editors are responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication.
3. Editors should always consider the needs of the authors and the readers when attempting to improve the publication.
4. Editors should guarantee the quality of the papers and the integrity of the academic record.
5. Editors should publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.
6. Editors should have a clear picture of research funding sources.
7. Editors should base their decisions solely one the papers’ importance, originality, clarity, and relevance to publication’s scope.
8. Editors should not reverse their decisions nor overturn the ones of previous editors without serious reason.
9. Editors should preserve the anonymity of reviewers (in half blind peer review journals).
10. Editors should ensure that all research material they publish conforms to international accepted ethical guidelines.
11. Editors should only accept a paper when reasonably certain.
12. Editors should act if they suspect misconduct, whether a paper is published or unpublished, and make all reasonable attempts to persist in obtaining a resolution to the problem.
13. Editors should not reject papers based on suspicions; they should have proof of misconduct.
14. Editors should not allow any conflicts of interest between staff, authors, reviewers, and board members.
15. Editors must not change their decision after submitting a decision (especially after reject or accept) unless they have a serious reason.

PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES

1-General Principles
• The European Research Journal (EuRJ) is an international, independent, double-bind peer-reviewed, open access and online publishing journal, which aims to publish papers on all the related areas of basic and clinical medicine.
• Manuscripts must describe original data that has not been published previously nor submitted for publication elsewhere.
• The journal publishes a variety of manuscripts including original research, case reports, invited review articles, technical reports, how-to-do-it, and letters to the editor.
• Our journal is published six times a year (January, March, May, July, September, and November).
• The language of publication for our journal is English.
• Our journal's target audience consists of professionals, experts, academics, researchers, graduate and doctoral students, and undergraduate and graduate students studying in the fields covered by the journal.
• Our journal accepts articles on an ongoing basis, and there is no time limit for article submission.
• The scientific and legal responsibilities of the article are those of the author. Authors must conform exactly to the research and publication ethics.

2-Article Evaluation Process

Preliminary Review
Submissions to the journal are first reviewed by the editor. This review assesses the manuscript's compliance with journal policies, academic writing standards, and the Citation System. Additionally, the Turnitin program is used for similarity checks.

Peer Review Process
Articles that pass the preliminary review undergo double-blind peer review. The work is sent to two independent reviewers who are experts in the field. Throughout this process, the identities of both the authors and the reviewers are kept confidential; all stages are conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines.

• If both reviewers give a positive opinion, the article is accepted for publication.
• If one of the reviewers gives a negative opinion, the paper is referred to a third reviewer, and the decision is made accordingly.

Reviewer Selection
Reviewers are selected based on their expertise and experience in the relevant field. Priority is given to reviewers who submit timely and qualified reports.

What is Expected of Reviewers
• To evaluate impartially, carefully, and objectively.
• To examine the originality, scientific quality, timeliness, methodological accuracy, and contribution of the article.
• To provide suggestions for improvement to the authors.
• To avoid excessive criticism of minor details.
• To respect confidentiality and intellectual property rights.
• To inform the editor if there is a conflict of interest.
Note: Referees are sent an invitation with the article title, abstract, and review period. They must respond within seven days. Referees who accept the assignment are generally given four weeks to complete it.

Revision Stage
If reviewers request changes, authors make the suggested corrections. The revised text is reviewed again, first by the editor and then by the relevant reviewers.
Papers that have completed the peer review process are also checked by language editors. Where necessary, authors are asked to make additional linguistic revisions. The revisions made are reviewed again and approved.

Publication Stage
Articles that have completed scientific, technical, and linguistic reviews undergo typesetting and layout processes. Approved articles are published in the first available issue of the journal.
NOTE: The final decision for all submitted manuscripts rests with the Editor-in-Chief. 

Manuscript Procedure Time
The average time of the preliminary assessment of manuscripts by editorial team: 10 days.
The average assessment time of manuscripts by the reviews: 60 days
The average publication time: 180 days

3-Open Access and Copyright Policy
All articles published as open access in our journal are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Non-Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors agree to transfer their copyrights to our Journal under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license when the article is accepted for publication. Our journal has signed the Budapest Open Access Declaration. The studies published in our journal are available for free and open access on our Archive page.

License Scope
You are free to:
Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution: You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial: You may not use the material for commercial purposes .
NoDerivatives: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions: You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

4-Archiving Policy
Works published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. Our journal also allows authors to archive versions of their work on their own websites, institutional websites, and other repositories. As our journal is open access, there is no embargo period. 

Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed in the studies are presented in the published articles. If additional data supporting the research findings are required, they can be obtained from the relevant authors upon reasonable request.

5-Special and Supplementary Issue Policy
The Editorial Board may decide to publish one special and supplementary issue per year. The publication and review principles for articles to be published in the special issue are the same as those applied to regular issues.