Değişen Savaş Konsepti ve Amerika’nın Savunma Politikası

Year 2021, Issue: 7, 77 - 98, 01.03.2021

Kadir Ünal Ferdi Güçyetmez

Abstract

Devletler, hegemonik savaşlarını baskılamak ve kabul ettirmek için doğası gereği savaşır. Bu nedenle, dünya tarihi savaşlar ve çatışmalar ile başlar. Devletlerarası eşit olmayan güç değişimleri, İnsanlığın bir arada yaşamaya başladığı günden itibaren vardır. Devletler, dinamiklerini ortaya koyduğu için egemenlik kurma çalışmaları ilk nesilden günümüze kadar gelebilmiştir. Peki, birbiri üzerinde egemenlik kurmak isteyen toplumlar çareyi neden çatışmakta ve savaşmakta bulmuşlardır? Bu sorunsalı çalışma içerisinde Tukidides gibi, insan doğasının değişmezliğine ve insanlığın korku ile yönlendirilmesi ile güçlerini artırma bilincindeki dogmatik bir nedene bağlıyoruz.

Spartalılar ve Atinalılar arasındaki savaş yöntemlerinden çıkarılan dersler ile birlikte sistematiği değişen savaş kuramları doğrultusunda ilerleme kaydedilse de şu gerçek ortaya konulmalıdır; ‘insanlığın teknolojik gelişimi ve ekonomisi ilerleme kaydetse dahi bu insanın dogmatik olarak içinde taşıdığı savaş doğasını değiştirmez sadece savaşın yöntemlerini değiştirir.’ Bizde bu çalışmada, çok kutuplu dünya düzenine geçiş yapan politik düzenin Amerika merkezli değişim koşullarını gözlemleyerek elde ettiğimiz veriler doğrultusunda savaş politikaları ve savunma tercihlerinin değişimini ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.

Keywords

Savaş, Savunma Politikaları, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri

The Changing Concept of War and America’s Defence Policy

Abstract

Kissinger begins his book on Diplomacy by saying, (Kissinger, 1994, p.6) “A country with the strength, will, intellectual and moral power that will reshape the entire international system according to its values is emerging every century as if it were a law of nature.” With the spread of regional-scale civil wars around the world, the difference in war motivations seems to have shortened the period of a century-long generalization. The indecisive attitudes of the United States of America (USA) in the new world order and its recessive position from aggressive politics lead to new global powers rather than shifts in the global power axis.

Keywords

War, Defence Policy, United States of America

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