Lumpy Skin Disease

Yıl 2019, , 165 - 172, 27.12.2019

Arif Karaotcu Yakup Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.624975

Öz

Lumpy skin disease (LSD, Sığırlarda
nodüler ekzantemi), insekt vektörleri tarafından bulaştırılan ve önemli
ekonomik kayıplara neden olan bir hastalıktır. Genç sığırlar hastalıktan daha
fazla etkilenir ve bu hayvanlarda enfeksiyonun morbidite-mortalite oranları
oldukça yüksektir. Hastalığın viremi döneminde genellikle baş, boyun, genital
bölge, perineum, scrotum, meme ve bacaklarda deri nodülleri görülür. Bu
derlemede, LSD’nin dünyada ve Türkiye’deki durumu, etiyolojisi,
epidemiyolojisi, patogenez ve patolojisi, klinik bulguları, tanısı, tedavisi,
koruma ve kontrolü hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deri nodülü, Lumpy Skin Disease, sığır

Lumpy Skin Disease

Öz

 Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease that is transmitted by vectors and causes significant economic losses. Young cattle are more affected by the disease and the morbidity and mortality rates in these animals are quite high. Skin nodules are generally occur on the head, neck, genital area, perineum, scrotum, breast and legs. This review gives information about situation of the LSD in the world and in Turkey, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, the protection and control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cattle, Lumpy Skin Disease, skin nodule

Kaynakça

• Abutarbush SM,Ababneh MM, Al Zoubi MG, Alekish MO, Al Gharabat RJ,(2013).Lumpy Skin Disease in Jordan, diseaseemergence,clinicalsigns, complicationsandpreliminary-associatedeconomiclosses. Transbound Emerg Dis. 62 (5),549-554.
• Awad WS, Ibrahim AK, Mahran K, Fararh KM, Moniem MIA, (2010). Evaluation of differentdiagnosticmethodsfordiagnosis of Lumpy skin disease in cows. Trop Anim HealthProd. 42(4),777-783.
• Babiuk S, Bowden TR, Boyle DB, Wallace DB, Kitching RP,(2008). Capripoxviruses: An emeringworldwidethreattosheep, goatsandcattle.Transbound Emerg Dis. 55, 263-272.
• Babiuk S, Wallace DB, Smith SJ, Bowden TR, Dalman B, Copps GJ, Boyle DB,(2009). Detection of antibodiesagainstCapripoxvirusesusing an inactivated Sheep poxvirus ELISA.Transbound Emerg Dis. 56, 132-141.
• Barut MF,(2015). Sığırların Nodüler Ekzantemi Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Hastalık Kartı. Etlik Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Virolojik Teşhis Laboratuvarı. [http://vetkontrol.tarim.gov.tr/merkez/Belgeler/Lumpy%20Skin%20Disease%20LSD%20hastal%C4%B1k%20kart/C4%B1.pdf] Erişim tarihi: 23.03.2017.
• Body M, Singh KP, Hussain MH, Al Rawahi A, Al-Maawali M, Al-Lamki K, Al-Habsy S, (2012). Clinico-histopathological findinsand PCR based diagnosis of lumpy skin disease in the Sultanate of Oman. Pak Vet J. 32,206-210.
• Burdin ML,(1959).Theuse of histopathological examination of skin material for the diagnosis of lumpy skin disease in Kenya. Bull Epizootic Dis of Africa, 7,21-26.
• Chihota CM, Rennie LF, Kitching RP, Mellor PS,(2001). Mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Epidemiol ınfect. 126,317-321.
• Chihota CM, Rennie LF, Kitching RP, Mellor PS,(2003). Attempted mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by biting insects. MedVet Entomol. 17,294-300.
• Coetzer JAW, (2004). Lumpy skin disease. Edit: JAW Coetzer, RCJ Justın, InfectiousDiseases of Livestock, 2ndedition, Oxford Unıversity Press. Cape Town. P,1268-1276
• Davies FG,(1991). Lumpy skin disease, an African capripoxvirus disease of cattle. Br Vet J. 147(6),489-503.
• El-Kholy AA, Soliman HM, Abdelrahman KA,(2008).Polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of a recent lumpy skin disease virus in cursionto Egypt. Arab J Biotechnol. 11,293-302.
• FAO ,(2013).Emergence of lumpy skin disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin countries. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Regional Office fort the Near East (FAO-RNE). Empres Watch, 29.
• Gelaye E, Lamien CE, Silber R, Tuppurainen ES, Grabherr R, Diallo A,(2013).Development of a cost-effective method for capri poxvirus genotyping using snap back primer and dsDNA inter calatingdye. PloSone. 8(10),75971.
• Gibbs P,(2005).Poxdiseases. Ed: KAHN CM, The Merck Veterinary Manual, Merck&Co, Inc. New Jersey, USA, P, 699-700.
• GKGM,(2017). Hayvan Hastalıkları İle Mücadele ve Hayvan Hareketleri Kontrolü Genelgesi s: 51.
• Gürçay M, Sait A, Parmaksız A, Kılıç A,(2015). Türkiye’de Lumpy Skin DiseasVirus Enfeksiyonunun Klinik Bulgular ve PCR Yöntemi İle Saptanması. Kafkas UnivVet Fak Derg.21(3),417-420.
• Hailu B, Alemayehu G, (2015). Epidemiology, economic ımportance and control techniques of lumpy skin diseases: A review. Int J Agric Res Rev. 3,197-205.
• Heine HG, Stevens MP, Foord AJ, Boyle DB,(1999).A capri poxvirus detection PCR and antibody ELISA based on the major antigen P32, the homolog of the vaccinia Virus H3L gene. J Immunol Methods. 227,187-196.
• https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Publications_&_Documentation/docs/pdf/TT/2016_EUR2_Tuppurainen_A.pdf. Erişim tarihi:23.03.2017a.
• https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Animal_Health_in_the_World/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/LUMPY_SKIN_DISEASE_FINAL.pdf. Erişim tarihi:28.03.2017b.
• Ireland DC, Binepal YS,(1998). Improved detection of capripoxvirus in biopsy samples by PCR. J Virol Methods. 74(1), 1-7.
• Irons PC, Tuppurainen ESM, Venter EH,(2005). Excretion of lumpy skin disease virus in bull semen. Theriogenology, 63, 1290-1297.
• Kara PD, Afonso CL, Wallace, DB, Kutish GF, Abolnik C, Lu Z, Vreede FT, Taljaard LCF, Zsak A, Vilojen GJ, Rock DL,(2003). Comparative sequence analysis of the South African vaccine strain and two virulent field isolates of lumpy skin disease virus. Arch Virol. 148, 1335-1336.
• Lamien CE, Lelenta M, Goger W, Silber R, Tuppurainen E, Matijevic M, Luckins AG, Diallo A,(2011). Real time PCR method for simultaneous detection, quantitation and differentiation of capripoxviruses, J Virol Methods. 171(1),134-140.
• Le Goff C, Fakhfakh E, Chadeyras A, Aba Adulugba E, Libeau G, Hammami S, Diallo A, Albina E,(2005). Host-rangephylo genetic grouping of capripoxviruses: genetictyping of CaPVs. p: 727-733.Eds: HPSMakkar, GJ Vıljoen, Applications of Gene-Based Technologies for ımproving Animal Production and Health in Developing Countries, Springer, Berlin.
• Lubinga JC, Clift SJ, Tuppurainen ESM, Stolsz WH, Babiuk S, Coetzer JAW, Venter EH, (2014a). Demonstration of lumpy skin disease virusin fection in Amblyomma mahebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticksusing immunohistochemistry. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. 5(2), 113-120.
• Lubinga JC, Tupprainen ES, Coetzer JA, Stoltsz WH, Venter EH,(2014b).Trans ovarial passage and transmission of LSDV by Amblyomma and hebraeum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus decoloratus. Exp Appl Acarol. 62(1),67-75.
• Murpy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Horzineck MC, Studdert MJ,(1999). Poxviridae.VeterinaryVirology, 3thedition,RavenPress Ltd. New York. USA.
• OIE. Manual of Diagnostıc Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, (2016).Chapter 2.4.13.,LumpySkin
• Disease.http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.04.13_LSD.pdf Erişim tarihi: 28.03.2017.
• Özgünlük İ, Yumuşak N, Ün H, Yılmaz R, Çabalar M,(2014).Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Olgusunun Moleküler ve Histopatolojik Tanısı. XI. Veteriner Hekimleri Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi (Uluslararası Katılımlı) Bildiri Kitabı, Kemer-Antalya, s:80.
• Salib FA, Osman AH,(2011).Incidence of lumpy skin disease among Egyptian cattle in Giza Govemorate. Egypt Vet World. 4,162-167.
• Sharawi SS, Abd ERI,(2011).Theutility of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of lumpy skin disease in cattle and water buffaloes in Egypt. Rev Sci Tech OffInt Epizoot. 30, 821-830.
• Stram Y, Kuznetzova L, Friedgut O, Gelman B, Yadin H, Rubinstein-Guini M,(2008).Theuse of lumpy skin disease virus genome temrini for detection and phylogenetic analysis. J Virol Methods. 151 (2),225-229.
• Tageldin MH, Wallace DB, Gerdes GH, Putterill JF, Greyling RR, Phosiwa MN, Al Busaidy RM, Al Ismaaily SI,(2014).Lumpy skin disease of cattle: an emerging problem in theSultanate of Oman. Trop Anim Health Pro. 46(1),241-246.
• Tulman ER, Afonso CL, Lu Z, Zsak L, Kutish GF, Rock DL, (2001). Genome of lumpy skin disease virus. J Virol. 75(15),7122-30.
• Tuppurainen ES, Venter EH, Coetzer JA, (2005).Thedetection of lumpy skin disease virüs in samples of experimentally infected cattle using different techniques. Onderstepoort J Vet. 72,153-164.
• Tuppurainen ES, Stoltsz WH, Troskie M, Wallace DB, Oura CA, Mellor PS, Coetzer JA, Venter EH,(2011).A potential role for ixodid (hard) tickvectors in thetransmission of lumpy skin disease virüs in cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis. 58:93-104.
• Uyar A, Yener Z, Yıldırım S, Keleş ÖF, (2015). Holştayn bir inekte Lumpy Skin Disease (NodulerEkzantem) olgusu. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg. 29 (1),49-53.
• Vorster JH, Mapham PH, (2008). Pathology of lumpy skin disease. Livest Hilth Prod Rev. 1,16-21.
• Woods JA, Dinter Z, Morein B,(1990). DNA Viruses. Virus Infections of Ruminants 3thedition, ISBN: 0-444-87312-0, p,53-67