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Tekirdağ'da Köpek Populasyonunun Yoğunluğu ve Yapısı Üzerine Çalışma

Year 1998, Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı, 9 - 24, 01.06.1998

Abstract

Türkiye'de köpek populasyonu Tekirdağ ilinin iki kırsal bölgesinde incelenmiştir.
Bu çalışma Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından başlatılmış olup
Türkiye'de kuduz kontrolü için uygun stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkıyı
amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan veriler 1992 yılı Nisan ve Mayıs aylarında
toplanmış olup populasyon yoğunluğu. yapısı ve parenteral aşılama
için köpeklere yaklaşılabilirlik üzerine bilgiler içermektedir. Veri toplamada
anket surveyi, işaretierne ve yeniden yakalama teknikleri uygulanmıştır.
Çalışmaya konu olan zaman aralığında her iki bölgede 3 aylıktan
büyiik sahipli köpeklerin yoğunluğu km2'de 464 (%95 güven aralığı:
420;518) ve 211 (%95 güven aralığı : 203;224) buna tekabül eden insan
köpek oranı ise 3.8 ve 6.0 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma konusu köpek
populasyonunun özellikleri erkek köpeklerin baskınlığı (%75'ten fazla). başıboş
köpek oranının yüksekliği (% 70'ten fazla) ve oldukça düşük ortalama
(yaş 3.2) olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü köylerden birinde,
aşı kampanyası süresince, buradaki köpeklerin yarısı tek bir merkezde aşılanmıştır.
Diğer köyde ise, 3 aylıktan büyük köpeklerin %61 .4'üne işaretleme
işlemi için ulaşılabildiği ve bu köpeklerin evlere götürülecek bir aşılama
programı çerçevesinde paranteral aşılanabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu kategoriye
dahil köpeklerin yöredeki köpek populasyonunun %42'sini oluşturduğu
saptanmış ve bu nedenle bu köpeklerin yanısıra başıboş köpeklerin
de kuduz hastalığının yörede kontrol altına alınması ve ortadan kaldırılması
önünde en büyük engeli oluşturduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Kuduz
hastalığını diğer köpeklere, evcil hayvanıara ve insanlara temas yoluyla bulaştırma
açısından yüksek risk oluşturan bu köpeklerin oral immunizasyonu
ek bir korunma yöntemi olarak düşünülebilir.

References

  • Alkan M (1996) Rabies in individual countries -Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 20(4): 10
  • Artois M, Ben Osman F, Kilani M, Wandeler AI (1986) New contribution to the knowledge of the ecology of stray dogs in Tunisia. Coınp . Iınınun. Microbiol. infect. Ois., 9:4-5
  • Baer GM (1976) The oral rabies immunization of foxes and dogs with sausage baits. Dev. Biol. Stand., 33:417-423
  • Beran GW, Frith MF (1988) Doınestic animal rabies control: An overview. Rev. inf. Dis., 10:672-677
  • Brooks R (1990) Survey of the dog population of Zimbabwe and i ts level of rabies vaccination. Vet.Rec., 127:592-596
  • Coleman PG, Dye C (1996) Immunization coverage requirecl to prevent outbrealcs of dog rabies. Vaccine. 14: 185-186
  • De Balogh KK, Wandeler Al, Meslin F-X (1993) A dog ecology study in an urban anel a seıni-n1ral area of Zambia. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:437-443
  • Frontini MG, Fishbein DB, Ramos JG, Collins EF, Torres JMB, Huerta GQ, Rodriguez JJG, Belotto AJ, Dobbins JG, Linbart SB, Baer GM (1992) A field evaluation in Mexico of four baits for oral rabies vaccination of clogs. Am. J . Trop. Med. Hyg .. 47:310-316
  • Gilks WR, Richardson S, Spiegelhalter DJ (1996) Markov chain Monte Carlo in practice. Chapman & Hall, London.
  • Güvener AN (1993) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe. 17(3):8
  • Güvener AN (1993) Rabies in individual countries - Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 17(4): 12
  • Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (1989) Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons, New York
  • Kharmachi H, Haddad N, Matter H (1992) Tests offour baits for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies in Tunisia. Vet. Rec., 130:494.
  • Kitala PM, McDermott JJ, Kyule MN, Cathuma JM (1993) Features of clog ecology relevant to rabies spreacl in Maclıalcos District. Kenya. Onclerstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:445-449
  • Lİlford RJ, Braunholtz D (1996) The statistical basis of public policy; a paradigm shift is overdue. Br. Med. J .. 313:603-607
  • LinHart SB (1993) Bait formulation and distribution for oral rabies vaccination of domestic dogs: an overview. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:479-490.
  • Matter HC (1989) Populationsbiologische Untersuchungen an Hunclenpopulationen in Tunesien. Dissertation. University of Berne
  • Matter HC, Kharmachi H, Haddad N, Ben Youssef S, Sghaier C, Ben Khelifa R, Jemli J, Mrabet L. Meslin F-X, Wandeler AI (1995) Test of three baits for oral immunization of dogs against rabies in Tunisia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg .. 52:489-495.
  • Matter HC. Schumacher CL, Kharmachi H, Hammami S, Tiatli A, Jemli J, Mrabet L, Meslin F-X, Aubert MFA. Neuenschwander B, El Hicheri K (1997) Field evaluation of two bait delivery systems for the oral immunization of dogs against rabies in Tunisia. Vaccine. in press
  • Meslin F-X, Fishbein DB, Matter HC (1994) Ratianale and prospects for rabies elimination in developing countries. In: Lyssaviruses (ecls . Rupprecht CE. Dietschold B. Koprowski H). 1-24, Springer-Verlag. Berlin
  • Oboegbulem SI, Nwakonobi lE (1989) Population density and ecology of dogs in Nigeria: A pilot study. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz .. 8: 733-745
  • Özdek H (1993) Rabies in individual countries - Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 17(2):8
  • Perry BD (1993) Dog ecology in eastern and sotıthern Africa: implications for rabies control. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:429-436
  • Perry BD, Brooks R, Foggin CM. Bleakley J, Johnston DH, Hill FWG (1988) A baiting system suitable for the delivery of oral rabies vaccine to clog populations in Zimbabwe. Vet. Rec .. 123:76-79
  • RBE (1992a) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 16(1):9
  • RBE (1992b) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 16(2):8
  • RBE (1992c) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe. ı6(3):9
  • RBE (1992d) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe. 16(4): 14
  • RBE (1993) Rabies in individual countries - Turkey. Rabies Bulletiri Europe, 17(1):8
  • Tanner MA (1996) Tools for statistical inference. Methods for the eA."Ploration of posterior distributions and likelihood functions. Springer. New York

Study of the structure and density of a dog population in Tekirdağ; (Turkey)

Year 1998, Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı, 9 - 24, 01.06.1998

Abstract

Dog populations were analyzed in two rural areas of the province of
Tekirdağ in Turkey. This study was initiated by the World Health
Organization and aimed to contribute to the development of an appropriate
strategy for rabies control in Turkey. Data on population density, structure,
and the accessibility of dogs to parenteral rabies vaccination were collected
in April and May ı992. Questionnaire survey and mark-recapture
techniques were used. Estimated density of owned dogs above three
months of age was 464 (95% credibility interval (CR.I.); 420; 518) and 211
(95% CR.I .; 203; 224) per square kilometer in the two areas. The
corresponding human dog ratio was 3.8 and 6.0, respectively. The dog
populations were characterized by a net preponderance of male dogs (more
than 75%), arather low mean age (3.2 years). anda high proportion of
free-roaming dogs (more than 70%). Ownerless dogs represented an
estimated 4.5% (95% CR.I.; 0.9%; 10.2%) of the total population. During an
antirabies vaccination campaign in one village, half of the dog population was
vaccinated in one central vaccination point. In the second village, 61.4% of
dogs above three months of age were accessible for marking and would
have also been accessible for parenteral vaccination during a door-to-door
campaign. Low accessibility for parenteral vaccination (40%) was observed
in adult free-roaming shepherd dogs and dogs for which no specific
function was indicated. This category of dogs represented 42% of the total
population. Beside ownerless dogs, these animals represent the main
problem for rabies control and elimination in rural areas. Oral immunization
may be an additional tool to specifically target these dogs which are at high
risk to contract and transmit rabies to other dogs, domestic animals anel
humans.

References

  • Alkan M (1996) Rabies in individual countries -Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 20(4): 10
  • Artois M, Ben Osman F, Kilani M, Wandeler AI (1986) New contribution to the knowledge of the ecology of stray dogs in Tunisia. Coınp . Iınınun. Microbiol. infect. Ois., 9:4-5
  • Baer GM (1976) The oral rabies immunization of foxes and dogs with sausage baits. Dev. Biol. Stand., 33:417-423
  • Beran GW, Frith MF (1988) Doınestic animal rabies control: An overview. Rev. inf. Dis., 10:672-677
  • Brooks R (1990) Survey of the dog population of Zimbabwe and i ts level of rabies vaccination. Vet.Rec., 127:592-596
  • Coleman PG, Dye C (1996) Immunization coverage requirecl to prevent outbrealcs of dog rabies. Vaccine. 14: 185-186
  • De Balogh KK, Wandeler Al, Meslin F-X (1993) A dog ecology study in an urban anel a seıni-n1ral area of Zambia. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:437-443
  • Frontini MG, Fishbein DB, Ramos JG, Collins EF, Torres JMB, Huerta GQ, Rodriguez JJG, Belotto AJ, Dobbins JG, Linbart SB, Baer GM (1992) A field evaluation in Mexico of four baits for oral rabies vaccination of clogs. Am. J . Trop. Med. Hyg .. 47:310-316
  • Gilks WR, Richardson S, Spiegelhalter DJ (1996) Markov chain Monte Carlo in practice. Chapman & Hall, London.
  • Güvener AN (1993) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe. 17(3):8
  • Güvener AN (1993) Rabies in individual countries - Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 17(4): 12
  • Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (1989) Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons, New York
  • Kharmachi H, Haddad N, Matter H (1992) Tests offour baits for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies in Tunisia. Vet. Rec., 130:494.
  • Kitala PM, McDermott JJ, Kyule MN, Cathuma JM (1993) Features of clog ecology relevant to rabies spreacl in Maclıalcos District. Kenya. Onclerstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:445-449
  • Lİlford RJ, Braunholtz D (1996) The statistical basis of public policy; a paradigm shift is overdue. Br. Med. J .. 313:603-607
  • LinHart SB (1993) Bait formulation and distribution for oral rabies vaccination of domestic dogs: an overview. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:479-490.
  • Matter HC (1989) Populationsbiologische Untersuchungen an Hunclenpopulationen in Tunesien. Dissertation. University of Berne
  • Matter HC, Kharmachi H, Haddad N, Ben Youssef S, Sghaier C, Ben Khelifa R, Jemli J, Mrabet L. Meslin F-X, Wandeler AI (1995) Test of three baits for oral immunization of dogs against rabies in Tunisia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg .. 52:489-495.
  • Matter HC. Schumacher CL, Kharmachi H, Hammami S, Tiatli A, Jemli J, Mrabet L, Meslin F-X, Aubert MFA. Neuenschwander B, El Hicheri K (1997) Field evaluation of two bait delivery systems for the oral immunization of dogs against rabies in Tunisia. Vaccine. in press
  • Meslin F-X, Fishbein DB, Matter HC (1994) Ratianale and prospects for rabies elimination in developing countries. In: Lyssaviruses (ecls . Rupprecht CE. Dietschold B. Koprowski H). 1-24, Springer-Verlag. Berlin
  • Oboegbulem SI, Nwakonobi lE (1989) Population density and ecology of dogs in Nigeria: A pilot study. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz .. 8: 733-745
  • Özdek H (1993) Rabies in individual countries - Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 17(2):8
  • Perry BD (1993) Dog ecology in eastern and sotıthern Africa: implications for rabies control. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res .. 60:429-436
  • Perry BD, Brooks R, Foggin CM. Bleakley J, Johnston DH, Hill FWG (1988) A baiting system suitable for the delivery of oral rabies vaccine to clog populations in Zimbabwe. Vet. Rec .. 123:76-79
  • RBE (1992a) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 16(1):9
  • RBE (1992b) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe, 16(2):8
  • RBE (1992c) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe. ı6(3):9
  • RBE (1992d) Rabies in individual countries Turkey. Rabies Bulletin Europe. 16(4): 14
  • RBE (1993) Rabies in individual countries - Turkey. Rabies Bulletiri Europe, 17(1):8
  • Tanner MA (1996) Tools for statistical inference. Methods for the eA."Ploration of posterior distributions and likelihood functions. Springer. New York
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Hans Matter This is me

Rosario Fico This is me

Beat E. Neuenschwander This is me

Publication Date June 1, 1998
Submission Date January 1, 1998
Published in Issue Year 1998 Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Matter, H., Fico, R., & Neuenschwander, B. E. (1998). Tekirdağ’da Köpek Populasyonunun Yoğunluğu ve Yapısı Üzerine Çalışma. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 9-24.

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