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Bal Arılarında Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü Sıklığı: 2015-2020 Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Verileri

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 15 - 20, 23.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1083063

Abstract

Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü, arıcılık sektöründe küresel düzeyde büyük ekonomik kayıplara neden olan, en tehlikeli yavru arı hastalıklarından biridir. Etkeni Gram pozitif, spor oluşturan Paenibacillus larvae‘dır. Bu çalışmada, 2015-2020 yılları arasında Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Bakteriyolojik Teşhis Laboratuvarı’na gönderilen Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü şüpheli örneklerden izole edilen P. larvae’nın yıllara ve mevsimlere göre dağılımının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. P. larvae’nın varlığı larvalı petek, petek, arı örneklerinden etken izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu konvansiyonel yöntemler kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmada 159 örnek incelenmiş ve bunların 49 tanesinde (%30,8) P. larvae izole edildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar göre; 2015-2020 yılları arasında en fazla pozitif olgu sayısı sırasıyla 2017 (%8,8), 2018 (%7,5), 2016 (%6,3), 2015 (%5) ve 2019 (%3,1) yıllarında olduğu tespit edildi. Hastalığın 2015-2017 yılları arasında kademeli olarak yükseldiği ve daha sonraki yıllarda kademeli olarak azaldığı saptandı. Mevsimlere göre pozitif olguların dağılımı incelendiğinde; sırasıyla yaz (%12), ilkbahar (%9,4), sonbahar (%8,2) ve kış (%1,9) olarak belirlendi. Türkiye’de Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü ilgili veriler daha çok bölgesel çalışmalardan oluşmakta ve bu konu ile ilgili ulusal düzeyde yapılacak epidemiyolojik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

References

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  • Bodrum E, Çakmak İ, Seven Çakmak S (2016). Bal arılarında Yavru Çürüklüğü ve Kireç hastalığına bağlı koloni kayıpları. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 16:57-66
  • Cervancia CR, Fajardo AC Jr, Sabino NG, Jamora RM, Consignado KI, Flores BFC. Prevalence of American Foul Brood (AFB) diseases of honey bee Apis mellifera (L.) in the Philippines and its pathogenicity to Apis cerana Fabricus. Philipp Ent. 2013; 27(1): 75–90
  • D'Alvise, P., Seeburger, V., Gihring, K., Kieboom, M., & Hasselmann, M. (2019). Seasonal dynamics and co-occurrence patterns of honey bee pathogens revealed by high-throughput RT-qPCR analysis. Ecology and evolution, 9(18), 10241–10252. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5544
  • Eischen, F. A., Graham, R. H., Cox, R. (2005). Regional distribution of Paenibacillus larvae subspecies larvae, the causative organism of American foulbrood, in honey bee colonies of the Western United States. Journal of economic entomology, 98(4), 1087–1093. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-98.4.1087
  • FAO (2020). Good beekeeping practices Practical manual on how to identify and control the main diseases of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). https://www.fao.org/3/ca9182en/ca9182en.pdf. Erişim Tarihi:10.02.222
  • Paenibacillus larvae. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 103 Suppl 1, S10–S19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.015
  • Çakmak İ, Seven Çakmak S (2016). Beekeeping and Recent Colony Losses In Turkey. U. Arı Drg. 16 (1): 31-48
  • Jacques, A., Laurent, M., EPILOBEE Consortium, Ribière-Chabert, M., Saussac, M., Bougeard, S., Budge, G. E., Hendrikx, P., & Chauzat, M. P. (2017). A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control. PloS one, 12(3), e0172591. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172591
  • Jatulan, E. O., Rabajante, J. F., Banaay, C. G., Fajardo, A. C., Jr, & Jose, E. C. (2015). A Mathematical Model of Intra-Colony Spread of American Foulbrood in European Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). PloS one, 10(12), e0143805. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143805
  • Jończyk-Matysiak, E., Owczarek, B., Popiela, E., Świtała-Jeleń, K., Migdał, P., Cieślik, M., Łodej, N., Kula, D., Neuberg, J., Hodyra-Stefaniak, K., Kaszowska, M., Orwat, F., Bagińska, N., Mucha, A., Belter, A., Skupińska, M., Bubak, B., Fortuna, W., Letkiewicz, S., Chorbiński, P., Weber-Dąbrowska B, Roman A, Górski, A. (2021). Isolation and Characterization of Phages Active against Paenibacillus larvae Causing American Foulbrood in Honeybees in Poland. Viruses, 13(7), 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071217
  • Korkmaz A (2017). Anlaşılabilir Arıcılık. Ceylan Ofset. Samsun
  • LeBlanc, L., Nezami, S., Yost, D., Tsourkas, P., & Amy, P. S. (2015). Isolation and characterization of a novel phage lysin active against Paenibacillus larvae, a honeybee pathogen. Bacteriophage, 5(4), e1080787.
  • Locke B, Low M, Forsgren E (2019). An integrated management strategy to prevent outbreaks and eliminate infection pressure of American foulbrood disease in a commercial beekeeping operation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 167, 48-52
  • Mráz, P., Hýbl, M., Kopecký, M., Bohatá, A., Hoštičková, I., Šipoš, J., Vočadlová, K., & Čurn, V. (2021). Screening of Honey Bee Pathogens in the Czech Republic and Their Prevalence in Various Habitats. Insects, 12(12), 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121051
  • Morawetz, L., Köglberger, H., Griesbacher, A., Derakhshifar, I., Crailsheim, K., Brodschneider, R., Moosbeckhofer, R. (2019). Health status of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) and disease-related risk factors for colony losses in Austria. PloS one, 14(7), e0219293. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219293
  • OIE (2016). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Chapter. 2.2.2. American Foulbrood of Honey Bees, pg 395-404
  • Özden (2017). Balarılarındaki Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü hastalığı etkeni olan Paenibacillus larvae’nın larvalı petek ve bal örneklerinden konvansiyonel ve moleküler biyolojik yöntemlerle teşhisi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi.
  • Papić, B., Golob, M., Zdovc, I., Avberšek, J., Pislak Ocepek, M., & Kušar, D. (2021). Using whole-genome sequencing to assess the diversity of Paenibacillus larvae within an outbreak and a beekeeping operation. Microbial genomics, 7(12), 000709. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000709
  • Schiesser A (2014). Türkiye'deki Paenibacillus larvae Genotiplerinin Tespit Edilmesi ve Farklı Propolislerin Bu Genotipler Üzerine Antimikrobiyal Etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Doktora Tezi Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2021). Sürdürülebilir Gıda Sistemlerine Doğru Ulusal Yol Haritası. Erişim Tarihi:18.02.2022
  • Wilkins, S., Brown, M. A., & Cuthbertson, A. G. (2007). The incidence of honey bee pests and diseases in England and Wales. Pest management science, 63(11), 1062–1068. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1461
  • Yalcinkaya A, Keskin N, Özkirim A. After Colony Losses in Hatay and Adana Region of Turkey the Investigation of Honey Bee Diseases. Montpellier, France: Abstract API mondia; 2009.
  • Žugelj, A., Papić, B., Zdovc, I., Zajc, U., Golob, M., Avberšek, J., & Kušar, D. (2021). ERIC and WGS Typing of Paenibacillus larvae in Slovenia: Investigation of ERIC I Outbreaks. Insects, 12(4), 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12040362

Frequency of American Foulbrood in Honeybees: 2015-2020 Data of the Veterinary Control Central Research Institute in Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 15 - 20, 23.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1083063

Abstract

American foulbrood is one of the most dangerous brood diseases, resulting in huge economic losses for the beekeeping industry on a global scale. The causative agent is Gram-positive, spore-forming Paenibacillus larvae. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the yearly and seasonal distribution of P. larvae isolated from American foulbrood specimens sent to the Bacteriological Diagnosis Laboratory of the Veterinary Control Central Research Institute in Turkey from 2015 to 2020. The presence of P. larvae was investigated in the samples obtained from honeycombs with and without larvae and honeybees using conventional methods. Among the total 159 samples examined, P. larvae was identified in 49 (30.8%). According to the results, for the 2015-2020 period, the highest number of positive cases was observed in 2017 (8.8%), followed by 2018 (7.5%), 2016 (6.3%), 2015 (5%), and 2019 (3.1%). It was determined that the disease gradually increased from 2015 to 2017 and gradually decreased in the following years. In terms of the seasonal distribution of the positive cases, most were seen in summer (12%), followed by spring (9.4%), autumn (8.2%), and winter (1.9%). The data on American foulbrood in Turkey mostly consist of regional studies, and there is still a need for national epidemiological studies on this subject.

References

  • Anonim1: Arıcılık Ürünleri Sektör Analizi (2019). https://geka.gov.tr/uploads/pages_v/guney-ege-bolgesi-aricilik-urunleri-sektor-raporu.pdf Erişim Tarihi:10.02.222
  • Anonim 2 : Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Arıcılık. https://avesis.istanbulc.edu.tr. Erişim Tarihi:10.02.222
  • Alippi, A. M., Bacterial diseases, Bee Disease Diagnosis.(Eds. Colin, ME; Ball, BV and Kilani, M.). Options Méditerranéennes, Serie B: Etudes et Recherches, 31-59, 1999
  • Bodrum E (2014). Arıların Yavru Çürüklüğü infeksiyonlarında doğru teşhis, mücadele ve korunma yöntemleri. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 14 (1): 44-55
  • Bodrum E, Çakmak İ, Seven Çakmak S (2016). Bal arılarında Yavru Çürüklüğü ve Kireç hastalığına bağlı koloni kayıpları. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 16:57-66
  • Cervancia CR, Fajardo AC Jr, Sabino NG, Jamora RM, Consignado KI, Flores BFC. Prevalence of American Foul Brood (AFB) diseases of honey bee Apis mellifera (L.) in the Philippines and its pathogenicity to Apis cerana Fabricus. Philipp Ent. 2013; 27(1): 75–90
  • D'Alvise, P., Seeburger, V., Gihring, K., Kieboom, M., & Hasselmann, M. (2019). Seasonal dynamics and co-occurrence patterns of honey bee pathogens revealed by high-throughput RT-qPCR analysis. Ecology and evolution, 9(18), 10241–10252. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5544
  • Eischen, F. A., Graham, R. H., Cox, R. (2005). Regional distribution of Paenibacillus larvae subspecies larvae, the causative organism of American foulbrood, in honey bee colonies of the Western United States. Journal of economic entomology, 98(4), 1087–1093. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-98.4.1087
  • FAO (2020). Good beekeeping practices Practical manual on how to identify and control the main diseases of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). https://www.fao.org/3/ca9182en/ca9182en.pdf. Erişim Tarihi:10.02.222
  • Paenibacillus larvae. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 103 Suppl 1, S10–S19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.015
  • Çakmak İ, Seven Çakmak S (2016). Beekeeping and Recent Colony Losses In Turkey. U. Arı Drg. 16 (1): 31-48
  • Jacques, A., Laurent, M., EPILOBEE Consortium, Ribière-Chabert, M., Saussac, M., Bougeard, S., Budge, G. E., Hendrikx, P., & Chauzat, M. P. (2017). A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control. PloS one, 12(3), e0172591. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172591
  • Jatulan, E. O., Rabajante, J. F., Banaay, C. G., Fajardo, A. C., Jr, & Jose, E. C. (2015). A Mathematical Model of Intra-Colony Spread of American Foulbrood in European Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). PloS one, 10(12), e0143805. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143805
  • Jończyk-Matysiak, E., Owczarek, B., Popiela, E., Świtała-Jeleń, K., Migdał, P., Cieślik, M., Łodej, N., Kula, D., Neuberg, J., Hodyra-Stefaniak, K., Kaszowska, M., Orwat, F., Bagińska, N., Mucha, A., Belter, A., Skupińska, M., Bubak, B., Fortuna, W., Letkiewicz, S., Chorbiński, P., Weber-Dąbrowska B, Roman A, Górski, A. (2021). Isolation and Characterization of Phages Active against Paenibacillus larvae Causing American Foulbrood in Honeybees in Poland. Viruses, 13(7), 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071217
  • Korkmaz A (2017). Anlaşılabilir Arıcılık. Ceylan Ofset. Samsun
  • LeBlanc, L., Nezami, S., Yost, D., Tsourkas, P., & Amy, P. S. (2015). Isolation and characterization of a novel phage lysin active against Paenibacillus larvae, a honeybee pathogen. Bacteriophage, 5(4), e1080787.
  • Locke B, Low M, Forsgren E (2019). An integrated management strategy to prevent outbreaks and eliminate infection pressure of American foulbrood disease in a commercial beekeeping operation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 167, 48-52
  • Mráz, P., Hýbl, M., Kopecký, M., Bohatá, A., Hoštičková, I., Šipoš, J., Vočadlová, K., & Čurn, V. (2021). Screening of Honey Bee Pathogens in the Czech Republic and Their Prevalence in Various Habitats. Insects, 12(12), 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121051
  • Morawetz, L., Köglberger, H., Griesbacher, A., Derakhshifar, I., Crailsheim, K., Brodschneider, R., Moosbeckhofer, R. (2019). Health status of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) and disease-related risk factors for colony losses in Austria. PloS one, 14(7), e0219293. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219293
  • OIE (2016). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals Chapter. 2.2.2. American Foulbrood of Honey Bees, pg 395-404
  • Özden (2017). Balarılarındaki Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü hastalığı etkeni olan Paenibacillus larvae’nın larvalı petek ve bal örneklerinden konvansiyonel ve moleküler biyolojik yöntemlerle teşhisi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi.
  • Papić, B., Golob, M., Zdovc, I., Avberšek, J., Pislak Ocepek, M., & Kušar, D. (2021). Using whole-genome sequencing to assess the diversity of Paenibacillus larvae within an outbreak and a beekeeping operation. Microbial genomics, 7(12), 000709. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000709
  • Schiesser A (2014). Türkiye'deki Paenibacillus larvae Genotiplerinin Tespit Edilmesi ve Farklı Propolislerin Bu Genotipler Üzerine Antimikrobiyal Etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Doktora Tezi Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2021). Sürdürülebilir Gıda Sistemlerine Doğru Ulusal Yol Haritası. Erişim Tarihi:18.02.2022
  • Wilkins, S., Brown, M. A., & Cuthbertson, A. G. (2007). The incidence of honey bee pests and diseases in England and Wales. Pest management science, 63(11), 1062–1068. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1461
  • Yalcinkaya A, Keskin N, Özkirim A. After Colony Losses in Hatay and Adana Region of Turkey the Investigation of Honey Bee Diseases. Montpellier, France: Abstract API mondia; 2009.
  • Žugelj, A., Papić, B., Zdovc, I., Zajc, U., Golob, M., Avberšek, J., & Kušar, D. (2021). ERIC and WGS Typing of Paenibacillus larvae in Slovenia: Investigation of ERIC I Outbreaks. Insects, 12(4), 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12040362
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Zeynep Şık 0000-0002-9010-7586

Enes Gazi Atıcı 0000-0001-8311-2523

Özlem Altıntaş 0000-0001-6467-9647

Yasin Elitok 0000-0001-6230-7954

Selahattin Şen 0000-0003-0841-0103

Publication Date December 23, 2022
Submission Date March 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 33 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şık, Z., Atıcı, E. G., Altıntaş, Ö., Elitok, Y., et al. (2022). Frequency of American Foulbrood in Honeybees: 2015-2020 Data of the Veterinary Control Central Research Institute in Turkey. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 33(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1083063

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