Retrospective Evaluation of Canine and Feline Mammary Tumors Diagnosed during the period from 2009 to 2022 in Izmir Province

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 122 - 132, 03.01.2025

Oznur Yazıcıoğlu , Erdinç Güner , Gülçin Erdal , Münevver Ziynet Günen , Mehmet Karaboğa , Ahmet Arslan

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1496848

Öz

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of canine and feline mammary tumors diagnosed in the Pathology Laboratory of Bornova Veterinary Control Institute in Izmir Province between January 2009 and December 2022, as well as to analyse the relationships between the age and breed characteristics of affected animals and the presence of mammary tumors. For this purpose, the available information regarding each mammary tumor case was collected from archive records. Dogs and cats with mammary tumors were divided into four age groups. All hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of mammary tumors were histopathologically re-evaluated and classified. The study material consisted of 106 (35.81%) mammary tumor cases, of which 83 (37.55%) belonged to dogs and 23 (30.66%) to cats. The highest incidence of mammary tumors in both species was observed in the age group of 8 to 11 years. A statistically significant relationship was found between the incidences of mammary tumors according to the age groups and breeds in both species (p<0.05). Terrier (28 cases) in dogs (p=0.000) and mixed breed (14 cases) in cats (p=0.0003) were the most commonly affected breeds by mammary tumors. In dogs, 64 (77.10%) of 83 mammary tumors were malignant and 19 (22.90%) were benign; in cats, 18 (78.26%) of 23 mammary tumors were malignant and 5 (21.74%) were benign. Malignant mammary tumors were detected more frequently in Terrier dogs (34.37%) and mixed breed cats (72.22%). The most commonly diagnosed malignant mammary tumors were mixed type carcinoma (51.56%) in dogs (p=0.000) and tubular carcinoma (50%) in cats (p=0.005). Benign mixed tumor (47.37%) and complex adenoma (26.32%) were the most frequently observed benign mammary tumors in dogs. Simple adenoma constituted the majority (60%, 3 cases) of benign mammary tumors in cats.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cat, dog, mammary tumor, retrospective study, Türkiye

İzmir İlinde 2009-2022 yılları arasında teşhis edilen köpek ve kedi meme tümörlerinin retrospektif değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir İlinde Ocak 2009-Aralık 2022 yılları arasında Bornova Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsü Patoloji Bölümünde teşhis edilen köpek ve kedi meme tümörlerinin insidansını belirlemek ve meme tümörlü hayvanların ırk ve yaş özellikleri ile meme tümörlerinin varlığı arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktı. Bu amaçla her bir meme tümörü vakasına ilgili mevcut bilgiler arşiv kayıtlarından toplandı. Meme tümörlü köpek ve kediler 4 yaş grubuna ayrıldı. Meme tümörlerinin hematoksilen-eozin boyanmış slaydları histopatolojik olarak yeniden değerlendirildi ve sınıflandırıldı. Çalışma materyalini, 83 (37.55%) köpek ve 23 (30.66%) kediye ait 106 (%35.81) meme tümörü olgusu oluşturdu. Her iki türde en yüksek meme tümörü insidansı 8-11 yaş grubunda görüldü. Her iki türde yaş grupları ve ırklara göre meme tümörü insidansları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir ilişki bulundu (p<0.05). Köpeklerde Terrier (28 olgu) (p=0.000) ve kedilerde melez ırk (14 olgu) (p=0.0003) meme tümörlerinin en sık görüldüğü ırklardı. Köpeklerde 83 meme tümörünün 64 (%77.10)’ü malign ve 19 (%22.90)’u bening; kedilerde ise 23 meme tümörünün 18 (%78.26)’i malign ve 5 (%21.74)’i bening karakterdeydi. Malign meme tümörleri, en çok Terrier ırkı köpeklerde (34.37%) ve melez ırk kedilerde (72.22%) belirlendi. Köpeklerde en sık teşhis edilen malign meme tümörleri, mikst tip karsinom (%51.56) (p=0.000) ve kedilerde tubuler karsinomdu (%50) (p=0.005). Köpeklerde bening mikst tümör (%47.37) ve kompleks adenom (%26.32) en sık gözlenen bening meme tümörleriydi. Kedilerdeki bening meme tümörlerinin (3 olgu, %60) çoğunluğunu basit adenom oluşturdu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kedi, köpek, meme tümörü, restrospektif çalışma, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• 1. Amorim FV, Souza HJM, Ferreira AMR, Fonseca ABM. (2006) Clinical, cytological and histopathological evaluation of mammary masses in cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Feline Med Surg, 8 (6): 379-388. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.04.004
• 2. Andrade FHE, Figueiroa FC, Bersano PRO, Bissacot DZ, Rocha NS. (2010) Malignant mammary tumor in female dogs: environmental contaminants. Diagn Pathol, 5: 45.
• 3. Andrade MB, Guimaraes EC, Coleto AF, Soares NP, Medeiros-Ronchi AA. (2017) Retrospective study of mammary lesions in bitches-Uberlandia, MG, Brazil (in Portugues). Acta Sci Vet, 45 (1): 1509. DOI:10.22456/1679-9216.80788
• 4. Aydın Y, Özyıldız Z, Beyaz L. (2008) A survey of feline neoplasms in Ankara from 1971 to 2005. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 55 (1): 23-29, 2008. DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000000284
• 5. Baki Acar D, Tunç E. (2022) Breed and age distribution of dogs and cats with mammary tumors in Afyonkarahisar province (in Turkish). J Adv VetBio Sci Tech, 7 (3): 321-326. DOI: 10.31797/vetbio.1162218
• 6. Baştan A, Zonturlu AK. (2002) The investigation of the relationship between age, tumour character and the localization in canine mammary tumours (in Turkish). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 49: 203-206.
• 7. Bhaiyat MI, Chikweto A, Tiwari KP, DeAllie C, Pawaiya RS, Inga A, Hegamin–Younger C, Sharma RN. (2013) A retrospective study of canine tumors in Grenada, West Indies. Adv Anim Vet Sci, 1 (5): 134–139.
• 8. Cassali GD, Bertagnolli AC, Ferreira E, Damasceno KA, Gamba CO, Campos CB. (2012) Canine mammary mixed tumors: a review. Vet Med Int, 2012: 1-7. DOI: 10.1155/2012/274608
• 9. Cunha SCS, Corgozinho KB, Souza HJM, Silva K, Leite J, Mello M, Ferreira AMR. (2017): Retrospective study on survival time of cats with mammary carcinomas undergoing surgery alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy. World Vet J, 7 (1): 30-35. DOI: 10.5455/wvj.20170491
• 10. Dhami MA, Tank PH, Karle AS, Vedpathak HS, Bhatia AS. (2010) Epidemiology of canine mammary gland tumours in Gujarat. Vet World, 3 (6): 282-285. DOI:10.5455/vetworld.2010.282-285
• 11. Dorn CR, Taylor DON, Frye FL, Hibbard HH. (1968a) Survey of animal neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa countries, California. I. Methodology and description of cases. J Natl Cancer Inst, 40 (2): 295-305.
• 12. Dorn CR, Taylor DON, Schneider R, Hibbard HH, Klauber MR. (1968b) Survey of animal neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, California. II. Cancer morbidity in dogs and cats from Alameda county. J Natl Cancer Inst, 40 (2): 307-318. DOI: 10.1093/JNCI/40.2.307
• 13. Egenvall A, Bonnett BN, Ohagen P, Olson P, Hedhammar A, von Euler H. (2005) Incidence of and survival after mammary tumors in a population of over 80,000 insured female dogs in Sweden from 1995 to 2002. Prev Vet Med, 69 (1-2): 109-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.01.014
• 14. Erer H, Kıran MM. (1993) Tumors of dogs between the years 1985-1992 in Konya (in Turkish). Eurasian J Vet Sci, 9 (2): 87-89. 15. Ertürk E, Tanzer F, Bulucu M. (1971) Dog and cat tumors examined during the period of 1964-1970 at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (in Turkish). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18 (03.04): 383-386.
• DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000001632 16. Goldschmidt M, Pena L, Rasotto R, Zappulli V. (2011) Classification and grading of canine mammary tumors. Vet Pathol, 48 (1): 117-131. DOI: 10.1177/0300985810393258
• 17. Goldschmidt MH, Pena L, Zappulli V. (2017) Tumors of the Mammary Gland. In, Mueten DJ (Ed). Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th ed., Iowa State Press, Iowa. p.723-725.
• 18. Gupta K, Sood NK, Uppal SK, Mohindroo J, Mahajan S, Raghunath M, Singh K. (2012) Epidemiological studies on canine mammary tumour and its relevance for breast cancer studies. IOSR J Pharm, 2 (2): 322-333. DOI:10.9790/3013-0220322333
• 19. Gülçubuk A, Gürel A. (2003) Dog tumors observed in Istanbul between the years of 1995 to 2000 (in Turkish). Istanbul Univ Vet Fak Derg, 29 (1): 83-91. DOI:10.16988/iuvfd.31120.
• 20. Gülçubuk A, Yıldız F, Gürel A. (2005) Evaluation of cat tumours observed in Istanbul between the years of 1993-2004 (132 cases) (in Turkish). Istanbul Univ Vet Fak Derg, 31 (2): 61-74. DOI:10.16988/iuvfd.32767 21. Hahn KA, Adams WH. (1997) Feline mammary neoplasia: Biological behavior, diagnosis, and treatment alternatives. Feline Pract, 25 (2): 5-11.
• 22. Hayes AA, Mooney S. (1985) Feline mammary tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 15 (3): 513-520, 1985. DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(85)50054-6 23. Hayes HM, Milne KL, Mandell CP. (1981) Epidemiological features of feline mammary carcinoma. Vet Rec, 108 (22): 476-479. DOI: 10.1136/vr.108.22.476
• 24. Karabolovski N, Pejcinovska N, Dameski P, Dodovski P, Zdraveski I, Stojanovski S. (2017) Feline mammary tumors, prevalence and pathohistological classification. Horizons, 3: 61-68. DOI: 10.20544/HORIZONS.B.03.1.16.P07
• 25. Köküuslu C, Akkayan C. (1972) The primary mammary tumors of the cats and dogs examined between the years 1968 and 1972 in Ankara (in Turkish). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 19 (04): 502-516. DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000001951.
• 26. Kuruca N, Gülbahar MY, Sözmen M, Yarım M, Kabak YB, Karaca E, İnal S, Güvenç T. (2019) A survey of canine mammary tumors from 2004 to 2019 in Samsun (in Turkish). Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 30 (2): 132-136. DOI: 10.35864/evmd.614287
• 27. MacVean DW, Monlux AW, Anderson PS, Silberg SL, Roszel JF. (1978) Frequency of canine and feline tumors in a defined population. Vet Pathol, 15 (6): 700-715. DOI: 10.1177/030098587801500602 28. Misdorp, W. (1988) Canine mammary tumours: Protective effect of late ovariectomy and stimulating effect of progestins. Vet Quart, 10 (1): 26-33. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1988.9694142
• 29. Mitchell L, De la Iglesia FA, Wenkoff MS, Van Dreumel AA, Lumb G. (1974) Mammary tumors in dogs: survey of clinical and pathological characteristics. Can Vet J, 15 (5): 131-138. 30. Moulton JE, Taylor DON, Dorn CR, Andersen AC. (1970) Canine mammary tumors. Pathol Vet, 7 (4): 289-320. DOI: 10.1177/030098587000700401
• 31. Munson L, Moresco A. (2007) Comparative pathology of mammary gland cancers in domestic and wild animals. Breast Dis, 28: 7–21. DOI:10.3233/BD-2007-28102 32. Nunes FC, Campos CB, Teixeira SV, Bertagnolli AC, Lavalle GE, Cassali GD. (2018) Epidemiological, clinical and pathological evaluation of overall survival in canines with mammary neoplasms. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 70 (6): 1714-1722.
• DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10217 33. Oliveira LO, Oliveira RT, Loretti AP, Rodrigues R, Driemeier D. (2003) Epidemiological aspects of canine mammary tumor (in Portugues). Acta Sci Vet, 31 (2): 105-110. DOI:10.22456/1679-9216.17079
• 34. Overley B, Shofer FS, Goldschmidt MH, Sherer D, Sorenmo KU. (2005) Association between ovarihysterectomy and feline mammary carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med, 19 (4): 560-563. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2005)19[560:aboafm]2.0.co;2.
• 35. Pastor N, Caballe NC, Santella M, Ezquerra LJ, Tarazona R, Duran E. (2018) Epidemiological study of canine mammary tumors: age, breed, size and malignantancy. Austral J Vet Sci, 50 (3): 143-147. DOI:10.4067/S0719-81322018000300143
• 36. Pawar Y, Kadam D, Khandekar G, Nehte R. (2015) Gross and cytological evaluation of canine spontaneous mammary neoplasms and its correlation with histopathology and morphometric analysis. Inter J Vet Sci, 4 (3): 104-110.
• 37. Perez Alenza MD, Pena L, del Castillo N, Nieto AI. (2000) Factors influencing the incidence and prognosis of canine mammary tumours. J Small Anim Pract, 41 (7): 287-291. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03203.x
• 38. Salas Y, Marquez A, Diaz D, Romero L. (2015) Epidemiological study of mammary tumors in female dogs diagnosed during the period 2002-2012: A growing animal health problem. PLoS ONE, 10 (5): e0127381. DOI: 10.1371/journal.,pone.0127381
• 39. Schneider R, Dorn CR, Taylor DON. (1969) Factors influencing canine mammary cancer development and postsurgical survival., J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 43 (6): 1249–1261.
• 40. Shida T, Yamada T, Maruo T, Ishida T, Kawamura H, Takeda H, Sugiyama H, Ishikawa T, Ito T, Madarame H, Kayanuma H, Suganuma T. (2010) Retrospective study in 1,070 feline tumor cases of Japan. J Jpn Vet Cancer Soc, 1 (1): 1-7. DOI:10.12951/jvcs.1.1
• 41. Sontas BH, H. Ozyogurtcu H, Gurel A, Ekici H. (2009) Evaluation of clinical and pathological characteristics of 155 canines with mammary tumours: a retrospective study. Arch Med Vet, 41 (1): 53-59. DOI: 10.4067/S0301-732X2009000100007
• 42. Sorenmo KU, Shofer FS, Goldschmidt MH. (2000) Effect of spaying and timing of spaying on survival of dogs with mammary carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med, 14 (3): 266-270. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0266:eosato>2.3.co;2
• 43. Sorenmo KU, Kristiansen VM, Cofone MA, Shofer FS, Breen AM, Langeland M, Mongil CM, Grondahl AM, Teige J, Goldschmidt MH. (2009) Canine mammary gland tumours; a histological continuum from benign to malignant; clinical and histopathological evidence. Vet Comp Oncol, 7 (3): 162-172. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00184.x.
• 44. Tunç AS, Vural SA. (2024) Canine mammary tumors- breed, age and malignant characteristics as risk factors. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 52: 1944. DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.134166
• 45. Vascellari M, Baioni E, Ru G, Carminato A, Mutinelli F. (2009) Animal tumour registry of two provinces in northern Italy: incidence of spontaneous tumours in dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res, 5: 39. DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-39
• 46. Vascellari M, Capello K, Carminato A, Zanardello C, Baioni E, Mutinelli F. (2016) Incidence of mammary tumors in the canine population living in the Veneto region (Northeastern Italy): Risk factors and similarities to human breast. Prev Vet Med, 126: 183-189. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.02.008
• 47. Viana DA, Farias KM, Lopes CEB, Miranda AM, Pacheco ACL, Souza LP, Oliveira DM, Silva LDM. (2019) Retrospective survey of neoplastic disease in dogs. Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal, 13 (3): 348-367. DOI:10.5935/1981-2965.20190026
• 48. Vural SA, Aydın Y. (2001) A survey of canine mammary tumours from 1973 to 1998 in Ankara (in Turkish). Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 25 (3): 233-239.
• Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/vol25/iss3/3 49. Weijer K, Head KW, Misdorp W, Hampe JF. (1972) Feline malignant mammary tumors. I. Morphology and biology: some comparisons with human and canine mammary carcinomas. J Natl Cancer Inst, 49 (6): 1697-1704.
• DOI: 10.1093/jnci/49.6.1697 50. Zatloukal J, Lorenzova J, Tichy F, Necas A, Kecova H, Kohout P. (2005) Breed and age as risk factors for canine mammary tumours. Acta Vet Brno, 74 (1): 103-109. DOI:10.2754/avb200574010103