Research Article
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Predictors of Professional Quality of Life, Stress and Coping Styles Among Frontline Nurses During Covıd-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2023, , 403 - 415, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1312245

Abstract

COVID-19 may cause traumatic experiences and create stressful work environments for nurses, adversely affecting their psychosocial status. This study analyzes the professional quality of life, perceived stress levels, and coping styles of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Web-based survey using a descriptive cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling were used to select 244 nurses working with COVID-19 patients in inpatient, emergency, or intensive care units in Istanbul, Turkey. All participants completed a research questionnaire via Google Forms between August 7 and December 25, 2020. Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to analyze data. Participants experienced moderate levels of burnout, compassion satisfaction and stress, and high levels of compassion fatigue. They mostly used the self-confident approach coping style. Lack of training on the use of personal protective equipment, inadequate social support and the demands of emergency unit work were associated with compassion fatigue, burnout, and decreased level of compassion satisfaction. Organizational support was a predictor of seeking social support coping style and perceived stress was a predictor of a submissive and helpless coping style. This study demonstrates that interventions and coping programs are needed to improve frontline nurses’ ability to cope with stress.

References

  • Arpacioglu, S., Gurler, M., & Cakiroglu, S. (2020). Secondary Traumatization Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the Health Care Workers Exposed to the COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076402094074 2
  • Avcı, G., Öztürk, G., Azaklı, N., & Çekinmez, S. (2018). Determination of Work-Related Stress Levels of Nurses and Style of Coping with Stress. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (1), 1-7.
  • Babore, A., Lombardi, L., Viceconti, M. L., Pignataro, S., Marino, V., Crudele, M., Candelori, C., Bramanti, S. M., & Trumello, C. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals. Psychiatry Research, 293, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113366
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • Du, J., Dong, L., Wang, T., Yuan, C., Fu, R., Zhang, L., Liu, B., Zhang, M., Yin, Y., Qin, J., Bouey, J., Zhao, M., & Li, X. (2020). Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. General Hospital Psychiatry, 67, 144–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/ Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132–140
  • Faul, F., Erdfleder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G∗Power 3.1: Test for correlation and regression analyses. Behav. Res. Methods, 41, 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Flarity, K., Gentry, E., & Mesnikoff, N. (2013). The effectiveness of an educational program on preventing and treating compassion fatigue in emergency nurses. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 35(3), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1097/TME.0b013e31829b726f
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L., Guo, Z., Lu, Z., Yan, S., & Mao, J. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Guixia, L., & Hui, Z. (2020). A study on burnout of nurses in the period of COVID-19. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 9 (3), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20200903.12
  • Huang, L., Xu, F. M., & Liu, H. R. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and nursing college students during COVID-19 outbreak. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.05.20031898
  • Köse, S., & Murat, M. (2022). Interventional studies on nurses’ mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Psych, 4, 525–536. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych4030040
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976-e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • Li, J., Wang, L., Guo, S., Xie, N., Yao, L., Cao, Y., Day, S. W., Howard, S. C., Graff, J. C., Gu, T., Ji, J., Gu, W., & Sun, D. (2020). The Data set for Patient Information Based Algorithm to Predict Mortality Cause by COVID-19. Data in brief, 30, 105619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105619
  • Li, W. Q., Yuan, P., Sun, J., Xu, M. L., Wang, Q. X., Ge, D. D., Jiang, M. M., Xing, L. Q., Du, W. J., & Li, Q. (2022). Resilience, coping style, and COVID-19 stress: Effects on the quality of life in frontline health care workers. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 27(2), 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1905860
  • Ornell, F., Halpern, S. C., Kessler, F. H. P., & Narvaez, J. C. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals. Cad. Saúde Pública, 36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00063520
  • Ruiz-Fernandez, M. D., Ramos-Pichardo, J. D., Ibanez-Masero, O., Cabrera-Troya, J., Carmona-Rega, M. I., & Ortega-Galan, A. M. (2020). Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 heakth crisis in Spain. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 4321-4330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15469
  • Stamm, B. H. (2005). The ProQOL Manual. The Professional Quality of Life Scale: Compassion satisfaction, burnout & compassion fatigue/ secondary trauma scales. Sidran Press.
  • Şahin, N. H. & Durak, A. (1995). Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: Üniversite Öğrencileri için Uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10 (34), 56-73.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. (Çev. Ed. Mustafa Baloğlu; 6. Basım). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık. (Original work published 2013)
  • Trumello, C., Bramanti, S., M., Ballarotto, G., Candelori, C., Cerniglia, L., Cimino, S., … Babore, A. (2020). Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 8358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228358
  • Vagni, M., MAiorano, T., Giostra, V., & Pajardi, D. (2020). Coping with COVID-19: Emergency stress, secondary trauma and self-efficacy in healthcare and emergency workers in Italy. Frontiers Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912
  • von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & STROBE Initiative. (2014). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. International Journal of Surgery, 12 (12), 1495-1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013.
  • Wallace, C. L., Wladkowski, S. P., Gibson, A., & White, P. (2020). Grief During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Palliative Care Providers. J Pain Symptom Management, 60 (1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.012
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
  • Yu, H., Li, M., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., Liu, Y., Li, Z., & Xiong, Z. (2020). Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 426. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02826-3
  • Yu, H., Jiang, A., & Shen, J. (2016). Prevalance and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.012.
  • Yeşil, A., Ergün, Ü., Amasyalı, C., Er, F., Olgun, N. N., & Aker, A. T. (2010). Çalışanlar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 47, 111–117. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.5210

COVID-19 sırasında ön cephedeki hemşirelerde profesyonel yaşam kalitesi, stres ve başa çıkma tarzlarının yordayıcıları: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Year 2023, , 403 - 415, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1312245

Abstract

COVID-19, travmatik deneyimlere neden olabilir ve hemşireler için stresli çalışma ortamları oluşturarak psikososyal durumlarını olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 salgını sırasında ön saflardaki hemşirelerin profesyonel yaşam kalitesini, algılanan stres düzeylerini ve başa çıkma tarzlarını analiz etmektedir. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tasarım kullanılarak web tabanlı anket yürütülmüştür. Türkiye, İstanbul’da yatan hasta, acil veya yoğun bakım ünitelerinde COVID-19 hastalarıyla çalışkan kolay örnekleme ile 244 hemşire seçilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılar 7 Ağustos ve 25 Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında Google Formlar aracılığıyla araştırma anketlerini doldurmuştur. VCOVID-19, travmatik deneyimlere neden olabilir ve hemşireler için stresli çalışma ortamları oluşturarak psikososyal durumlarını olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 salgını sırasında ön saflardaki hemşirelerin profesyonel yaşam kalitesini, algılanan stres düzeylerini ve başa çıkma tarzlarını analiz etmektedir. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tasarım kullanılarak web tabanlı anket yürütülmüştür. Türkiye, İstanbul’da yatan hasta, acil veya yoğun bakım ünitelerinde COVID-19 hastalarıyla çalışkan kolay örnekleme ile 244 hemşire seçilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılar 7 Ağustos ve 25 Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında Google Formlar aracılığıyla araştırma anketlerini doldurmuştur. Verileri analiz etmek için çoklu adımlı doğrusal regresyon kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların orta düzeyde tükenmişlik, merhamet memnuniyeti ve stres, yüksek düzeyde merhamet yorgunluğu yaşadıkları ve çoğunlukla kendine güvenli yaklaşım başa çıkma tarzını kullandıkları saptanmıştır. Kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı konusunda eğitim eksikliği, yetersiz sosyal destek ve acil servis hizmeti talepleri merhamet yorgunluğu, tükenmişlik ve merhamet memnuniyetinin azalması ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Organizasyonel destek, sosyal desteğe başvurma başa çıkma tarzının; algılanan stres, boyun eğici ve çaresiz yaklaşım başa çıkma tarzının bir yordayıcısı olarak bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, ön saflardaki hemşirelerin stresle başa çıkma becerilerini geliştirmek için müdahalelere ve başa çıkma programlarına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Arpacioglu, S., Gurler, M., & Cakiroglu, S. (2020). Secondary Traumatization Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the Health Care Workers Exposed to the COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076402094074 2
  • Avcı, G., Öztürk, G., Azaklı, N., & Çekinmez, S. (2018). Determination of Work-Related Stress Levels of Nurses and Style of Coping with Stress. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (1), 1-7.
  • Babore, A., Lombardi, L., Viceconti, M. L., Pignataro, S., Marino, V., Crudele, M., Candelori, C., Bramanti, S. M., & Trumello, C. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals. Psychiatry Research, 293, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113366
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • Du, J., Dong, L., Wang, T., Yuan, C., Fu, R., Zhang, L., Liu, B., Zhang, M., Yin, Y., Qin, J., Bouey, J., Zhao, M., & Li, X. (2020). Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. General Hospital Psychiatry, 67, 144–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/ Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132–140
  • Faul, F., Erdfleder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G∗Power 3.1: Test for correlation and regression analyses. Behav. Res. Methods, 41, 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Flarity, K., Gentry, E., & Mesnikoff, N. (2013). The effectiveness of an educational program on preventing and treating compassion fatigue in emergency nurses. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 35(3), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1097/TME.0b013e31829b726f
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
  • Fu, W., Wang, C., Zou, L., Guo, Z., Lu, Z., Yan, S., & Mao, J. (2020). Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00913-3
  • Guixia, L., & Hui, Z. (2020). A study on burnout of nurses in the period of COVID-19. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 9 (3), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20200903.12
  • Huang, L., Xu, F. M., & Liu, H. R. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and nursing college students during COVID-19 outbreak. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.05.20031898
  • Köse, S., & Murat, M. (2022). Interventional studies on nurses’ mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Psych, 4, 525–536. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych4030040
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976-e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • Li, J., Wang, L., Guo, S., Xie, N., Yao, L., Cao, Y., Day, S. W., Howard, S. C., Graff, J. C., Gu, T., Ji, J., Gu, W., & Sun, D. (2020). The Data set for Patient Information Based Algorithm to Predict Mortality Cause by COVID-19. Data in brief, 30, 105619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105619
  • Li, W. Q., Yuan, P., Sun, J., Xu, M. L., Wang, Q. X., Ge, D. D., Jiang, M. M., Xing, L. Q., Du, W. J., & Li, Q. (2022). Resilience, coping style, and COVID-19 stress: Effects on the quality of life in frontline health care workers. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 27(2), 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1905860
  • Ornell, F., Halpern, S. C., Kessler, F. H. P., & Narvaez, J. C. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals. Cad. Saúde Pública, 36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00063520
  • Ruiz-Fernandez, M. D., Ramos-Pichardo, J. D., Ibanez-Masero, O., Cabrera-Troya, J., Carmona-Rega, M. I., & Ortega-Galan, A. M. (2020). Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 heakth crisis in Spain. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 4321-4330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15469
  • Stamm, B. H. (2005). The ProQOL Manual. The Professional Quality of Life Scale: Compassion satisfaction, burnout & compassion fatigue/ secondary trauma scales. Sidran Press.
  • Şahin, N. H. & Durak, A. (1995). Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: Üniversite Öğrencileri için Uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10 (34), 56-73.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. (Çev. Ed. Mustafa Baloğlu; 6. Basım). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık. (Original work published 2013)
  • Trumello, C., Bramanti, S., M., Ballarotto, G., Candelori, C., Cerniglia, L., Cimino, S., … Babore, A. (2020). Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 8358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228358
  • Vagni, M., MAiorano, T., Giostra, V., & Pajardi, D. (2020). Coping with COVID-19: Emergency stress, secondary trauma and self-efficacy in healthcare and emergency workers in Italy. Frontiers Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912
  • von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & STROBE Initiative. (2014). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. International Journal of Surgery, 12 (12), 1495-1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013.
  • Wallace, C. L., Wladkowski, S. P., Gibson, A., & White, P. (2020). Grief During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Palliative Care Providers. J Pain Symptom Management, 60 (1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.012
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
  • Yu, H., Li, M., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., Liu, Y., Li, Z., & Xiong, Z. (2020). Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 426. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02826-3
  • Yu, H., Jiang, A., & Shen, J. (2016). Prevalance and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.012.
  • Yeşil, A., Ergün, Ü., Amasyalı, C., Er, F., Olgun, N. N., & Aker, A. T. (2010). Çalışanlar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 47, 111–117. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.5210
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Mental Health Nursing, Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tugba Pehlivan Sarıbudak 0000-0003-1406-5123

Zehra Aydın 0000-0003-1968-6113

Early Pub Date December 29, 2023
Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date June 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Pehlivan Sarıbudak, T., & Aydın, Z. (2023). Predictors of Professional Quality of Life, Stress and Coping Styles Among Frontline Nurses During Covıd-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Fenerbahçe University Journal of Health Sciences, 3(3), 403-415. https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1312245