Ruhsal Bozukluklarda Böbrek Fonksiyonları

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 95 - 104, 22.08.2021

Mehmet Dikeç Gül Dikeç

Abstract

Ruhsal bozuklukların çoğu ergenlik ya da genç yetişkinlik döneminde ortaya çıkmakta ve psikotroplar tedavide önemli yer tutmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların süreğen olması ve uzun süreli psikotrop kullanımı zaman içinde hastaların böbrek fonksiyonları olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Psikotroplar içinde lityum nefrotoksik olup, uzun vadede hastalarda böbrek hasarına neden olmaktadır. Antipsikotikler ise abdominal obezite, metabolik sendrom, diyabet ve kardiyovasküler risklerin artışına neden olup, böbrek fonksiyonlarını dolaylı olarak bozabilmektedir. Psikotropların yanı sıra hastaların sağlıklı olmayan yaşam alışkanlıkları, sigara kullanımı, obezite, sedanter yaşam, eşlik eden (komorbid) fiziksel hastalıkların olması ve ruhsal bozuklukların belirtileri de böbrek hasarı ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Şizofreni ve diğer psikotik bozukluklarda görülen polidipsi hiponatremiye; yeme bozukluklarında kısıtlı diyetin yanı sıra laksatif, diüretiklerin kullanımı ve kusma ise hipokalemi, hiponatremi, hipokalsemi, hipopotasemi ve Glomerüler Filtrasyon Hızını azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar nörobilişsel bozukluklar ile böbrek hastalıklarının etiyolojisinin benzer olduğuna ve komorbiditesine dikkat çekmektedir. Ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireylerin böbrek fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesi ve izlenmesi, olası komorbid böbrek hastalıklarının önlenmesi ve yönetiminde oldukça önemlidir. Bu bağlamda bu yazının amacı ruhsal bozukluklarda böbrek fonksiyonlarının nasıl etkilendiğinin gözden geçirilmesidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler; Ruhsal bozukluklar, böbrek fonksiyonları, psikiyatri hemşireliği.

Keywords

Ruhsal bozukluklar, böbrek fonksiyonları, psikiyatri hemşireliği

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