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Vejetaryen Beslenme ve İnsülin Direnci ile İlişkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 130 - 140, 22.08.2021

Abstract

Günümüzde vegan ve vejetaryenlik çok sayıda birey tarafından kabul edilen bir yaşam biçimidir. Bireylerin bu yaşam tarzını benimsemelerinin altında yatan birçok motivasyon kaynağı (etik, sağlık ve çevresel) bulunmaktadır. Gün geçtikçe vejetaryen diyetler beslenmenin önemli bir parçası olmaktadır. Bu beslenme tarzına yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda, vejetaryen beslenmenin hem uzun hem de kısa dönemde alınan sonuçları, insan sağlığına olan olumlu etkilerine değinilmektedir. Fakat bu hususta dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli nokta vejetaryen beslenmenin iyi planlanmış, yeterli ve dengeli olması konusudur. Aksi takdirde, beslenme programı iyi planlanmamış vejetaryenlerde özellikle de veganlarda aneminin görülmesi, B12 vitamini, çinko, kalsiyum ve D vitamini eksikliği ile karşılaşılması muhtemel problemlerdir. İçeriği yeterli ve dengeli olacak şekilde hazırlanmış vejetaryen diyetler, vejetaryen olmayanlara oranla daha düşük vücut ağırlığı ve optimal beden kütle indeksi sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca bu diyetler tligliserid, düşük ve yüksek yoğunluklu kolesterol ve tansiyonu etkili bir şekilde düşürmektedir. Bu önemli bulgular, birçok hastalık için diyet müdahalesi yoluyla halk sağlığı açısından olumlu etkilere neden olmaktadır. Vejetaryen diyetlerde, insan vücudunun sindiremediği besin bileşenleri yani posa fazlaca yer almaktadır. Bu bileşenler kompleks karbonhidratlardır ve kan dolaşımına emilimi yapılmamaktadır. Posa gastrik boşalmayı geciktirerek karbonhidrat emilimini yavaşlatmakta böylece kan glikoz düzeyinin denetiminde önemli görev almaktadır. Yüksek lif içerikli vejetaryen diyetlerin glisemik indeksi düşük ve glisemik yükü ise düşük-ortadır. Lif bakımında zengin fakat yağ içeriği düşük vejetaryen diyetler hücrelerin insüline olan duyarlılığını artırmaktadır. Bu durum insülin direnci ve diyabete karşı koruyucu etki sağlamaktadır.
Bu çalışma vegan ve vejetaryen beslenmenin insülin direnci ile ilişkisini değerlendirmek, bu beslenme tarzı sırasından ortaya çıkabilecek besin öğesi yetersizliklerine dikkat çekmek, kilo yönetimi, tip 2 diyabet, osteoporoz, hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve birçok kanser türleri üzerine olan etkisine karşı farkındalığı arttırmak amacıyla hazırlanmış bir derlemedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Vegan, Vejetaryen, İnsülin Direnci, Beslenme

References

  • Tunçay Son, G.Y, & Bulut, M. (2016). Yaşam tarzı olarak vegan ve vejetaryenlik. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 830-843.
  • Orlich, M. J., Chiu, T. H. T., Dhillon, P. K., Key, T. J., Fraser, G. E., Shridhar, K., Agrawal, S., & Kinra, S. (2019). Vegetarian Epidemiology: Review and Discussion of Findings from Geographically Diverse Cohorts. Advances in nutrition, 1(10), 284-295. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy109
  • American Vegetarian Society (http://americanvegan.org/ founder.htm). Founder, H. (2020). Jay Dinshah. Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2020 Son Tunçay, Y. G. (2016). Biyoetik çerçevesinde vegan ve vejetaryenlik (Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü Sosyal Çevre Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Ertaş, Y., & Akbulut, G. (2016). Tıbbi Beslenme tedavisinde Güncel Uygulamalar II Vejetaryen Beslenmesi 2. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Gökcen, M., Aksoy, Y. C., & Ateş Ozcan, B. (2019). Vegan beslenme tarzına genel bakış. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 50-54. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248 The Vegan Society (https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/definition-veganism). Definition of veganism. Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2020
  • Kuz, F. O. (2018). Aile Hekimlerinin Vejetaryen/vegan Beslenme İle İlgili Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları (Uzmanlık Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı,İzmir. Leitzmann, C. (2014). Vegetarian Nutrition: Past, Present, Future. Am J Clin Nutr, 100, 496–502.
  • Melina, V., Craig, W., & Levin, S. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J. Acad. Nutr Diet, 116:1970–80.
  • Fraser, G., Katuli, S., Knutsen, S., Herring, P., & Fan, J. (2015). Vegetarian diets and cardiovascular risk factors in black members of the Adventist Health Study-2. Public Health Nutr, 18(3), 537-45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014000263
  • Kahleova, H., Petersen, K. F., Shulman, G. I., Alwarith, J., Rembert, E., Tura, A., Hill, M., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2020). Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 2:3(11), 2025454. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454
  • Satija, A., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Rimm, E. B., Spiegelman, D., Chiuve S. E., Borgi L, et al. (2016). Plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes in US men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies. PLoS Medicine, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002039
  • Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R. L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin, 68, 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
  • World Cancer Research Fund International . Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective. A Summary of the Third Expert Report. World Cancer Research Fund International; London, UK: 2018.
  • Subramania,. S., Selvaduray, K. R., & Radhakrishnan, A. K. (2019). Bioactive compounds: Natural defense against cancer?. Biomolecules, 9:758. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120758 Dinu, M., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., Casini, A., & Sofi, F. (2017). Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 22;57(17), 3640-3649. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447
  • Clarys, P., Deliens, T., Huybrechts, I., Deriemaeker, P., Vanaelst, B., De Keyzer, W., et al. (2014). Comparison of nutritional quality of the vegan, vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pescovegetarian and omnivorous diet. Nutrients, 6(3), 1318-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031318
  • Rizzo, G., & Baroni, L. (2018). Soy, soy foods and their role in vegetarian diets. Nutrients, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010043
  • Agnoli, C., Baroni, L., Bertini, I., Ciappellano, S., Fabbri, A., Papa, M., et al. (2017). Position paper on vegetarian diets from the working group of the Italian Society of Human Nutrition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 27(12), 1037-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.020
  • Tong, T. Y. N., Key, T.J., Gaitskell, K., Green, T. J., Guo, W., Sanders, T. A., & Bradbury, K. E. (2019). Hematological parameters and prevalence of anemia in white and British Indian vegetarians and nonvegetarians in the UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr, 110(2), 461-472. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz072
  • Hansen, T. H., Madsen, M. T., Jørgensen, N. R., Cohen, A. S., Hansen, T., Vestergaard, H., et al. (2018). Bone turnover, calcium homeostasis, and vitamin D status in Danish vegans. Eur J Clin Nutr, 72(7), 1046-1054. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0081-y
  • Appleby, P. N., et al. Mortality in vegetarians and comparable nonvegetarians in the United Kingdom. The American journal of clinical nutrition, United Kingdom. Zaccardi, F., Webb, DR., Yates, T., & Davies, M. J. (2016). Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective. Postgrad Med J Am Diet Assoc. 92(1084), 63-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133281
  • Franz, M. J., Boucher, J. L., Green-Pastors, J., & Powers, M. A. (2018). Evidence-based nutrition practice guidelines for diabetes and scope and standards of practice. J Am Diet Assoc, 108, 52-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.021
  • Tan, S. Y., Jinn-Sim, Y., Sie-Wong, S., Mohamed Elhassan, S. A., Hong-Tan, S., Chetty Annan, N., Kumar Bhattamisra, S., & Candasamy, M. (2019). Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on current treatment approach and gene therapy as potential intervention. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 13(1), 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.00
  • Henning. R. J. (2018). Type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol , 14(6), 491-509. https://doi.org/10.2217/fca-2018-0045
  • Harreiter. J., & Roden, m. (2019). Diabetes mellitus-Definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 131, 6-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-019-1450-4 Serván, P. R. (2018). Diet recomendations in diabetes and obesity. Nutr Hosp, 12(35), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.2135
  • Ojo, O. (2019). Dietary Intake and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients, 11:11(9), 2177. https://doi.org:/10.3390/nu11092177
  • Sandouk. Z., & Lansang, MC. (2017). Diabetes with obesity--Is there an ideal diet?. Cleve Clin J Med, 84, 4-14. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.02
  • Stanley, K., & Early, K. B. (2018). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: The Role of Medical Nutrition Therapy and Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in the Prevention and Treatment of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet, 118(2), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.021
  • Soliman, G. A. (2019). Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients, 23:11(5), 1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051155
  • Zhao, l., Zhang, F., Ding, X., Wu, G., Lam, Y. Y., Wang X, Xue, X., Peng, Y., & Zhang, C. (2018). Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science, 9:359(6380), 1151-1156. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao5774.
  • Reynolds, A. N., Akerman, A. P., & Mann, J. (2020). Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: Systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS Med, 6:17(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003053
  • Son, T. G. Y. (2016). Biyoetik çerçevesinde vegan ve vejetaryenlik (Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sosyal Çevre Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı. Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi,Ankara.
  • Sullivan, P. W., & Ghushchyan, V. H. (2016). EQ-5D Scores for Diabetes-Related Comorbidities. Value In Health, 19(8), 1002-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2016.05.018
  • Orlich, M.J. (2015). Vegetarian dietary pattern sand the risk of colorectal cancers. JAMA Intern Med, 175(5), 767-76. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.59 McMacken, M., & Shah, S. (2017). A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Geriatr Cardiol. May:14(5):342-354.
  • Olfert, M. D., & Wattick, R. A. (2018). Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep, 18(11), 101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1070-9
  • Oussalah, A., Levy, J., Berthezène, C., Alpers, D. H., & Guéant, J. L. (2020). Clin Nutr, 39(11), 3283-3307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.037 Utami, D. B., & Findyartini, A. (2018). Plant-based Diet for HbA1c Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: an Evidence-based Case Report. Acta Med Indones, 50(3), 260-267.
Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 130 - 140, 22.08.2021

Abstract

References

  • Tunçay Son, G.Y, & Bulut, M. (2016). Yaşam tarzı olarak vegan ve vejetaryenlik. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 830-843.
  • Orlich, M. J., Chiu, T. H. T., Dhillon, P. K., Key, T. J., Fraser, G. E., Shridhar, K., Agrawal, S., & Kinra, S. (2019). Vegetarian Epidemiology: Review and Discussion of Findings from Geographically Diverse Cohorts. Advances in nutrition, 1(10), 284-295. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy109
  • American Vegetarian Society (http://americanvegan.org/ founder.htm). Founder, H. (2020). Jay Dinshah. Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2020 Son Tunçay, Y. G. (2016). Biyoetik çerçevesinde vegan ve vejetaryenlik (Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü Sosyal Çevre Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Ertaş, Y., & Akbulut, G. (2016). Tıbbi Beslenme tedavisinde Güncel Uygulamalar II Vejetaryen Beslenmesi 2. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Gökcen, M., Aksoy, Y. C., & Ateş Ozcan, B. (2019). Vegan beslenme tarzına genel bakış. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 50-54. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248 The Vegan Society (https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/definition-veganism). Definition of veganism. Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2020
  • Kuz, F. O. (2018). Aile Hekimlerinin Vejetaryen/vegan Beslenme İle İlgili Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları (Uzmanlık Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı,İzmir. Leitzmann, C. (2014). Vegetarian Nutrition: Past, Present, Future. Am J Clin Nutr, 100, 496–502.
  • Melina, V., Craig, W., & Levin, S. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J. Acad. Nutr Diet, 116:1970–80.
  • Fraser, G., Katuli, S., Knutsen, S., Herring, P., & Fan, J. (2015). Vegetarian diets and cardiovascular risk factors in black members of the Adventist Health Study-2. Public Health Nutr, 18(3), 537-45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014000263
  • Kahleova, H., Petersen, K. F., Shulman, G. I., Alwarith, J., Rembert, E., Tura, A., Hill, M., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2020). Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 2:3(11), 2025454. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454
  • Satija, A., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Rimm, E. B., Spiegelman, D., Chiuve S. E., Borgi L, et al. (2016). Plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes in US men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies. PLoS Medicine, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002039
  • Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R. L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin, 68, 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
  • World Cancer Research Fund International . Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective. A Summary of the Third Expert Report. World Cancer Research Fund International; London, UK: 2018.
  • Subramania,. S., Selvaduray, K. R., & Radhakrishnan, A. K. (2019). Bioactive compounds: Natural defense against cancer?. Biomolecules, 9:758. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120758 Dinu, M., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., Casini, A., & Sofi, F. (2017). Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 22;57(17), 3640-3649. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447
  • Clarys, P., Deliens, T., Huybrechts, I., Deriemaeker, P., Vanaelst, B., De Keyzer, W., et al. (2014). Comparison of nutritional quality of the vegan, vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pescovegetarian and omnivorous diet. Nutrients, 6(3), 1318-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031318
  • Rizzo, G., & Baroni, L. (2018). Soy, soy foods and their role in vegetarian diets. Nutrients, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010043
  • Agnoli, C., Baroni, L., Bertini, I., Ciappellano, S., Fabbri, A., Papa, M., et al. (2017). Position paper on vegetarian diets from the working group of the Italian Society of Human Nutrition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 27(12), 1037-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.020
  • Tong, T. Y. N., Key, T.J., Gaitskell, K., Green, T. J., Guo, W., Sanders, T. A., & Bradbury, K. E. (2019). Hematological parameters and prevalence of anemia in white and British Indian vegetarians and nonvegetarians in the UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr, 110(2), 461-472. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz072
  • Hansen, T. H., Madsen, M. T., Jørgensen, N. R., Cohen, A. S., Hansen, T., Vestergaard, H., et al. (2018). Bone turnover, calcium homeostasis, and vitamin D status in Danish vegans. Eur J Clin Nutr, 72(7), 1046-1054. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0081-y
  • Appleby, P. N., et al. Mortality in vegetarians and comparable nonvegetarians in the United Kingdom. The American journal of clinical nutrition, United Kingdom. Zaccardi, F., Webb, DR., Yates, T., & Davies, M. J. (2016). Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective. Postgrad Med J Am Diet Assoc. 92(1084), 63-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133281
  • Franz, M. J., Boucher, J. L., Green-Pastors, J., & Powers, M. A. (2018). Evidence-based nutrition practice guidelines for diabetes and scope and standards of practice. J Am Diet Assoc, 108, 52-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.021
  • Tan, S. Y., Jinn-Sim, Y., Sie-Wong, S., Mohamed Elhassan, S. A., Hong-Tan, S., Chetty Annan, N., Kumar Bhattamisra, S., & Candasamy, M. (2019). Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on current treatment approach and gene therapy as potential intervention. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 13(1), 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.00
  • Henning. R. J. (2018). Type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol , 14(6), 491-509. https://doi.org/10.2217/fca-2018-0045
  • Harreiter. J., & Roden, m. (2019). Diabetes mellitus-Definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 131, 6-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-019-1450-4 Serván, P. R. (2018). Diet recomendations in diabetes and obesity. Nutr Hosp, 12(35), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.2135
  • Ojo, O. (2019). Dietary Intake and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients, 11:11(9), 2177. https://doi.org:/10.3390/nu11092177
  • Sandouk. Z., & Lansang, MC. (2017). Diabetes with obesity--Is there an ideal diet?. Cleve Clin J Med, 84, 4-14. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.02
  • Stanley, K., & Early, K. B. (2018). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: The Role of Medical Nutrition Therapy and Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in the Prevention and Treatment of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet, 118(2), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.021
  • Soliman, G. A. (2019). Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients, 23:11(5), 1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051155
  • Zhao, l., Zhang, F., Ding, X., Wu, G., Lam, Y. Y., Wang X, Xue, X., Peng, Y., & Zhang, C. (2018). Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science, 9:359(6380), 1151-1156. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao5774.
  • Reynolds, A. N., Akerman, A. P., & Mann, J. (2020). Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: Systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS Med, 6:17(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003053
  • Son, T. G. Y. (2016). Biyoetik çerçevesinde vegan ve vejetaryenlik (Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sosyal Çevre Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı. Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi,Ankara.
  • Sullivan, P. W., & Ghushchyan, V. H. (2016). EQ-5D Scores for Diabetes-Related Comorbidities. Value In Health, 19(8), 1002-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2016.05.018
  • Orlich, M.J. (2015). Vegetarian dietary pattern sand the risk of colorectal cancers. JAMA Intern Med, 175(5), 767-76. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.59 McMacken, M., & Shah, S. (2017). A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Geriatr Cardiol. May:14(5):342-354.
  • Olfert, M. D., & Wattick, R. A. (2018). Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep, 18(11), 101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1070-9
  • Oussalah, A., Levy, J., Berthezène, C., Alpers, D. H., & Guéant, J. L. (2020). Clin Nutr, 39(11), 3283-3307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.037 Utami, D. B., & Findyartini, A. (2018). Plant-based Diet for HbA1c Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: an Evidence-based Case Report. Acta Med Indones, 50(3), 260-267.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nutrition and Dietetics
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Şule Bozfırat This is me 0000-0002-1716-6459

Ruken Düzce This is me 0000-0002-9248-2857

Publication Date August 22, 2021
Submission Date June 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bozfırat, Ş., & Düzce, R. (2021). Vejetaryen Beslenme ve İnsülin Direnci ile İlişkisi. Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 130-140.