Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Kültürel Çeşitliliğe İlişkin Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 168 - 180, 31.12.2021

Ayda Kebapçı , Begüm Yalçın

Abstract

Giriş: Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi (YBÜ) hemşireleri genellikle farklı kültürden hastalarla iletişimde kültürel ve dil farklılıkları nedeniyle çeşitli zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. İletişimde yaşanan yanlış anlaşılmalar kültürel çatışmalara neden olmakta ve bu durumlarda da YBÜ hemşireleri hastaya en iyi bakımı verebilmek için sorunu çözmek durumunda kalmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin farklı kültürlerden gelen hastalara bakım verirkenki deneyimleri ve yaşadıkları zorlukları tanımlamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu nitel araştırmada veriler, farklı kültürlerden hastalara bakım veren on YBÜ hemşiresinden oluşan iki odak grup görüşmesi yapılarak toplanmıştır. Özel ve devlet hastanesinden olmak üzere belirlenen iki odak gruba beş hemşire dahil edilmiştir. Veriler tematik analiz yönetemiyle analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Yapılan tematik analiz sonucunda Türkiye'deki YBÜ'lerde farklı kültürden hastaya bakım verirken yaşanan zorlukların tıbbi terminolojide yetenekli tercüman eksikliği, hemşirelerin çaresizlik duyguları, artan iş yükü ve kültürel farklılıklara dair hemşirelerin yeterince farkındalklarının olmaması şeklinde belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, akut bakım ortamlarında, hemşirelerin farklı dilleri konuşan ve farklı kültürel değerleri olan hastalara bakım verirken ve iletişim birçok zorluklarla karşı karşıya kaldıklarını göstermektedir. Kültürel açıdan farklı olan hastaları tanılama ve bütüncül bakımı sağlayabilmek ve kültürel yetkinlik kazandırmak amacıyla standardize eğitim programlarının yoğun bakım hemşirelerine katkısı olacaktır. Ayrıca, kültürel açıdan hastaları tanılama klavuzların klinik uygulama sırasında kullanımının klinisyenlere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Kültürel farklılık, hemşire, yoğun bakım

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