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Aerobik Egzersizin Beyin Sağlığının Korunması ve Geliştirilmesi Üzerine Etkisi-Derleme Makalesi

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 101 - 113, 17.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1168312

Abstract

Dünya genelinde yaşlanan nüfusun genel nüfusa oranının artması ile birlikte Alzheimer hastalığı gibi yaşla ilişkili nörodejeneratif hastalıkların daha sık ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Uzayan insan ömrü, beyin sağlığının korunmasının önemini artırmıştır. Beynin plastik bir yapı olduğu, yetişkinlik dönemi boyunca öğrenme, hafıza, dikkat gibi kognitif fonksiyonların belirli uygulamalarla geliştirilebileceği bilinmektedir. Fiziksel egzersiz, kognitif fonksiyonları geliştirmeye ve sürdürmeye yönelik stratejiler içerisinde, yan etkisinin bulunmaması, etkin maliyetli ve kolay ulaşılabilir olması gibi yönleriyle öne çıkmaktadır. Egzersizin özellikle aerobik formunun beyin sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkileri, birçok bilimsel çalışma ile gösterilmiştir. Araştırmacıların yoğunlukla üzerinde durduğu güncel sorulardan biri, egzersizin beynin yapı ve fonksiyonlarını hangi mekanizma ile etkilediğidir. Egzersizin beyin sağlığı üzerine pozitif etkilerinin, nörogenezis ile yeni nöron üretimi, anjiyogenezis ile serebral dolaşımın artması, kognitif fonksiyonlar ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülen beyin bölgelerindeki hacimsel artış, inflamasyonun baskılanması ve nörotrofin salgılanmasının uyarılması gibi fizyolojik mekanizmalar aracılığıyla gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, aerobik egzersizin kognitif fonksiyonları geliştirici etkisine dair mekanizmaların kısaca açıklanması hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca aerobik egzersiz uygulaması ile sağlıklı kişilerde kognitif fonksiyonları geliştirmeyi amaçlayan bilimsel çalışmalara yer verilmiş, bu çalışmalarda uygulanmış olan egzersiz reçeteleri, nitelikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Egzersizin beyin sağlığını hangi mekanizma ile etkilediğinin anlaşılması, kognitif sağlığı korumak üzere en iyi egzersiz reçetesinin ne şekilde hazırlanabileceğinin belirlenmesinde yol gösterici olabilir.

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The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Protection and Improvement of Brain Health-Review

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 101 - 113, 17.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1168312

Abstract

With the aging population worldwide, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. It is important to maintain brain health throughout the extended human life. Plastic changes in brain continue in adulthood and cognitive functions such as learning, memory and attention can be improved. Exercise as a cost-effective, accessible and safe method is seen as a promising intervention to prevent and maintain cognitive functions. Growing evidence indicates that exercise, especially its aerobic form, has positive effects on brain health. The mechanism of exercise affecting brain health is one of the topics researchers are currently researching. Positive effects of exercise on brain health are thought to occur through physiological mechanisms such as new neuron generation with neurogenesis, increased cerebral circulation with angiogenesis, volumetric changes in brain regions thought to be related to cognitive functions, suppression of inflammation, and the stimulation of secretion of neurotrophins. In this review, it is aimed to briefly explain the mechanisms related to the effect of aerobic exercise to improve cognitive functions. In this review, it is aimed to briefly explain the mechanisms related to the effect of aerobic exercise to improve cognitive functions. Also, scientific literature aiming to improve cognitive functions with aerobic exercise application in healthy people was included, exercise prescriptions in these studies were examined in terms of quality. Understanding the mechanism by which exercise affects brain health can be a guide in determining how best exercise prescription can be prepared to protect cognitive health.

Project Number

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References

  • Barnes, D. E., Yaffe, K., Satariano, W. A., & Tager, I. B. (2003). A longitudinal study of cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function in healthy older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(4), 459-465.
  • Barnes, J. N., Pearson, A. G., Corkery, A. T., Eisenmann, N. A., & Miller, K. B. (2021). Exercise, arterial stiffness, and cerebral vascular function: potential impact on brain health. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 27(8), 761-775.
  • Bliss, E. S., Wong, R. H., Howe, P. R., & Mills, D. E. (2021). Benefits of exercise training on cerebrovascular and cognitive function in ageing. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 41(3), 447-470.
  • Boldrini, M., Fulmore, C. A., Tartt, A. N., Simeon, L. R., Pavlova, I., Poposka, V., ... & Mann, J. J. (2018). Human hippocampal neurogenesis persists throughout aging. Cell stem cell, 22(4), 589-599.
  • Brisswalter, J., Collardeau, M., & René, A. (2002). Effects of acute physical exercise characteristics on cognitive performance. Sports medicine, 32(9), 555-566.
  • Carro, E., Nuñez, A., Busiguina, S., & Torres-Aleman, I. (2000). Circulating insulin-like growth factor I mediates effects of exercise on the brain. Journal of Neuroscience, 20(8), 2926-2933.
  • Castro, M. G., Venutolo, C., Yau, P. L., & Convit, A. (2016). Fitness, insulin sensitivity, and frontal lobe integrity in adults with overweight and obesity. Obesity, 24(6), 1283-1289.
  • Chaddock, L., Erickson, K. I., Prakash, R. S., Kim, J. S., Voss, M. W., VanPatter, M., ... & Kramer, A. F. (2010). A neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness, hippocampal volume, and memory performance in preadolescent children. Brain research, 1358, 172-183.
  • Chang, Y. K., Chu, C. H., Wang, C. C., Wang, Y. C., Song, T. F., Tsai, C. L., & Etnier, J. L. (2015). Dose-response relation between exercise duration and cognition. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 47, 159-165.
  • Chapman, S. B., Aslan, S., Spence, J. S., DeFina, L. F., Keebler, M. W., Didehbani, N., & Lu, H. (2013). Shorter term aerobic exercise improves brain, cognition, and cardiovascular fitness in aging. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 5, 75.
  • Chen, C., Nakagawa, S., An, Y., Ito, K., Kitaichi, Y., & Kusumi, I. (2017). The exercise-glucocorticoid paradox: How exercise is beneficial to cognition, mood, and the brain while increasing glucocorticoid levels. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 44, 83-102.
  • Colcombe, S. J., Kramer, A. F., Erickson, K. I., Scalf, P., McAuley, E., Cohen, N. J., ... & Elavsky, S. (2004). Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(9), 3316-3321.
  • Cotman, C. W., Berchtold, N. C., & Christie, L. A. (2007). Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends in neurosciences, 30(9), 464-472.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Rehabilitation
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Kübra Nur Menengiç 0000-0002-1541-1844

İpek Yeldan 0000-0002-6344-4157

Faize Elif Bahadır 0000-0002-0715-8199

Project Number Çalışmamız herhangi bir proje kapsamında yapılmamıştır.
Publication Date April 17, 2023
Submission Date August 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Menengiç, K. N., Yeldan, İ., & Bahadır, F. E. (2023). Aerobik Egzersizin Beyin Sağlığının Korunması ve Geliştirilmesi Üzerine Etkisi-Derleme Makalesi. Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1168312