Physiotherapy Approaches in Individuals with Functional Defecation Disorders: Literature Review

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 281 - 291, 29.08.2025

Nuriye Büyüktaş , Yeşim Bakar

https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1618854

Abstract

Constipation is a gastrointestinal syndrome that causes symptoms such as decreased defecation frequency, straining, hard stools, and abdominal discomfort. It is considered the most common syndrome among gastrointestinal syndromes. Constipation is known to reduce quality of life by causing depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance and sexual dysfunction. It is classified as primary and secondary constipation according to the cause of its occurrence. Secondary constipation occurs due to reasons other than the gastrointestinal system. Primary constipation is basically divided into simple constipation and chronic constipation. Chronic constipation is examined under three subheadings: normal transit time constipation, slow transit time constipation and functional defecation disorders. Functional defecation disorder is characterized by excessive straining, hard stools, a feeling of inadequate evacuation, a feeling of blockage in the anorectal region, the use of manual support, defecation less than 3 times a week, and infrequent defecation without the use of laxatives. It is reported that functional defecation disorders do not respond to standard treatments and that Biofeedback and pelvic floor physiotherapy should be the first step treatment. This review includes a literature review of the physiotherapy methods and their effects, particularly examining functional defecation disorders caused by the pelvic floor muscles and anal sphincters.

Keywords

constipation , functional defecation disorders , pelvic floor physiotherapy

Fonksiyonel Defekasyon Bozukluğu olan Bireylerde Fizyoterapi Yaklaşımları: Literatür Derlemesi

Abstract

Konstipasyon; defekasyon sıklığının azalması, ıkınma, sert feçes ve abdominal rahatsızlık gibi semptomlara neden olan bir gastrointestinal sendromdur. Gastrointestinal sendromlar arasında en yaygın sendrom olarak kabul edilmektedir. Konstipasyonun depresyon, anksiyete, uyku bozukluğu ve cinsel disfonksiyonlara neden olarak yaşam kalitesini azalttığı bilinmektedir. Oluşum nedenine göre primer ve sekonder konstipasyon olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Sekonder konstipasyon, gastrointestinal sistem harici sebeplerle ortaya çıkmaktadır. Primer konstipasyon ise, temel olarak basit konstipasyon ve kronik konstipasyon olarak ayrılmaktadır. Kronik konstipasyon; normal transit süreli konstipasyon, yavaş transit süreli konstipasyon ve fonksiyonel defekasyon bozuklukları olarak üç alt başlıkta incelenmektedir. Fonksiyonel defekasyon bozukluğu aşırı ıkınma, sert dışkılama, yetersiz boşaltım hissi, anorektal bölgede blokaj hissi, manuel destek kullanımı, haftada 3 defadan az defekasyon ve laksatif kullanmadan defekasyonun nadir olması ile karakterizedir. Literatürde fonksiyonel defekasyon bozukluklarının standart tedavilere cevap vermediği, Biofeedback ve pelvik taban fizyoterapisinin ilk basamak tedavisi olması gerektiği bildirilmektedir. Bu derleme özellikle pelvik taban kaslarının ve anal sfinkterlerin neden olduğu fonksiyonel defekasyon bozukluklarını irdeleyerek kullanılan fizyoterapi yöntemleri ve etkileri ile ilgili literatür taramasını içermektedir.

Keywords

konstipasyon , pelvik taban fizyoterapisi , fonksiyonel defekasyon bozuklukları

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