İnsan Hakları İhlallerinin İncelenmesinde Hakikat Komisyonlarının İşlevi ve Gerekliliği

Year 2023, , 146 - 163, 30.06.2023

Dila Algan Tezcan

https://doi.org/10.58620/fbujoss.1287992

Abstract

Cezalandırıcı ve dağıtıcı adalet sistemlerinden kavramsal ve pratiksel olarak farklılaşan onarıcı adalet sistemi, bir suç karşısında adaletin tesis edilmesi için failin cezalandırılmasından öte mağdurun zararının tazmin edilmesini esas alır. Onarıcı adalet anlayışına göre suç, devlete ve kanuna karşı değil; bireye ve topluma karşı işlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla, onarıcı adalete göre, failin ve mağdurun aynı düzlemde bir araya getirilip diyalog ve anlaşma çerçevesinde uzlaştırılması esastır. Onarıcı adalet anlayışına göre, diyalog ve uzlaşma çerçevesinde sadece mağdurun zararının tazmin edilmesi yeterli değildir. Aynı zamanda failin iyileştirilerek gelecekte bu suçu bir daha işlememesine yönelik kökten bir çözüm arayışı temel alınmaktadır.

1970’li yıllardan itibaren modern hukukta yer edinmeye başlayan onarıcı adalet anlayışına başvuran en önemli mekanizmalardan biri hakikat ve uzlaşma komisyonlarıdır. Hakikat komisyonları, otoriter rejimlerden, iç savaşlardan, soykırımlardan ve ağır insan hakları ihlallerinden çıkan toplumların geçmişleriyle yüzleşmeleri ve demokratik bir geleceğe ulaşmaları için bir geçiş dönemi süreci sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, onarıcı adalet anlayışının uygulama alanı bulduğu hakikat komisyonlarının insan hakları ihlallerinin incelenmesindeki işlevini irdelemekte ve bu komisyonların kurulmasının gerekliliğini sorgulamaktadır. Onarıcı adalet anlayışına ve hakikat komisyonlarına yöneltilen eleştirilerden ve bugüne kadar onarıcı adalet anlayışıyla kurulan hakikat komisyonları deneyimlerinden hareketle, bu çalışma cezalandırıcı adalet sistemiyle onarıcı adalet sisteminin bir arada işletilmesini önermektedir.

Keywords

Onarıcı adalet, hakikat komisyonları, insan hakları ihlalleri

The Role and Necessity of Truth Commissions in Investigating Human Rights Violations

Abstract

The restorative justice system, which differs conceptually and practically from retributive and distributive justice systems, prioritizes compensation for the victim's harm rather than punishing the offender for a crime. According to the restorative justice perspective, a crime is committed not against the state and the law, but against an individual and the society. Therefore, the essential principle of restorative justice is to bring the offender and the victim together on an equal level and reach reconciliation through dialogue and agreement. In addition to compensating the victim's harm through dialogue and agreement, restorative justice seeks a fundamental solution by rehabilitating the offender to prevent them from committing the same crime again in the future.

One of the most significant mechanisms that has been employed in modern law since the 1970s, based on the restorative justice concept, is truth and reconciliation commissions. Truth commissions provide a transition period for societies emerging from authoritarian regimes, civil wars, genocides, and serious human rights violations to confront their past and reach a democratic future. This study examines the function of truth commissions in investigating human rights violations within the framework of the restorative justice concept and questions the necessity of establishing such commissions. Based on criticism directed towards the restorative justice and truth commissions' experiences established so far, this study proposes the simultaneous operation of retributive justice system and restorative justice system

Keywords

Restorative justice, truth commissions, violation of human rights

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