Microwave Assisted Biomass-Based Electrode Material Production for Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

Supercapacitors have become the focus of attention in the energy storage market due to their high power densities, fast charge/discharge rate, advantages of closing the power-energy gap, long cycle life, simple working principles, safe operation and low maintenance costs. Recently, researches on biomass-derived carbon electrode materials have gained momentum especially due to their cheap, environmentally friendly, advanced porous structure and high specific capacity. In this study, supercapacitor electrodes were successfully produced by applying microwave heating at various times and at different powers to Quercus infectoria biomass, which was converted to activated carbon by KOH activation and carbonization method. The properties of the electrodes were determined using chemical characterizations and electrochemical methods. While the capacitance value of the non-microwaved electrode was 89 F/g at 1 A/g current density, the capacitance value of the MAQ-4 electrode was calculated as 283 F/g. The relationship between capacitance value and microwave power exhibited a convex parabola curve characteristic. As the application time of microwave energy increased, the capacitance value of the electrodes increased. The applied microwave power generally increased the stability of the electrodes. From long cycles for stability testing, only a 5.62% reduction in capacitance value of the MAQ-4 electrode was observed. In light of the results obtained, the produced electrode materials are promising both in the reuse of organic wastes and in meeting the energy storage need, thanks to their advantages such as good capacitance, high energy, high power density, low cost and environmental friendliness.

Keywords

• Energy Storage
• super capacitor
• biomass
• Microwave

Süper Kapasitör Uygulamaları için Mikrodalga Destekli Biyokütle Tabanlı Elektrot Malzemesi Üretimi

Abstract

Süper kapasitörler, yüksek güç yoğunlukları, hızlı şarj/deşarj oranı, güç-enerji farkını kapatma avantajları, uzun çevrim ömürleri, basit çalışma ilkeleri, güvenli çalışmaları ve düşük bakım maliyetleri nedeniyle enerji depolama pazarında ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Son zamanlarda, özellikle ucuz, çevre dostu, gelişmiş gözenekli yapıda, yüksek özgül kapasiteli gibi özelliklerinden dolayı biyokütle türevi karbon elektrot malzemeler üzerine yapılan araştırmalar ivme kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, KOH aktivasyonu ve karbonizasyon yöntemiyle aktif karbona dönüştürülen Meşe mazısı biyokütlesine çeşitli sürelerde ve farklı güçlerde mikrodalga ısıtma uygulanarak başarılı bir şekilde süperkapasitör elektrotları üretilmiştir. Kimyasal karakterizasyonlar ve elektrokimyasal yöntemler kullnılarak elektrotların özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Mikrodalga uygulanmamış elektrodun kapasitans değeri 1 A/g akım yoğunluğunda 89 F/g iken MAQ-4 elektrodunun kapasitans değeri 283 F/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kapasitans değeri-Mikrodalga gücü arasındaki ilişki konveks bir parabol eğri özelliği sergilemiştir. Mikrodalga enerjisinin uygulanma süresi arttıkça elektrotların kapasitans değeri arttmıştır. Mikrodalga gücü arttıkça farklı akım yoğunluklarındaki kapasitans değerleri arasındaki farkı oldukça azaltmıştır. Uygulanan mikrodalga gücü genel olarak elektrotların kararlılığını artırmıştır. Kararlılık testi için yapılan uzun döngülerden MAQ-4 elektrodunun kapasitans değerinde yalnızca %5,62’lik bir azalma görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında, üretilen elektrot malzemeleri iyi kapasitans, yüksek enerji, yüksek güç yoğunluğu, düşük maliyet ve çevre dostu olma gibi avantajları sayesinde hem organik atıkların yeniden kullanımında hem de enerji depolama ihtiyacının karşılanmasında gelecek vaat etmektedir.

Keywords

• Enerji Depolama
• süper kapasitör
• biyokütle
• mikrodalga

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