Araştırma Makalesi

The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye)

Cilt: 30 Sayı: 120 Ek 15 Aralık 2024
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The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye)

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This article examines the impact of the 1946 and 1966 Varto (Türkiye) earthquakes on migration and social change, with a particular focus on migration to Istanbul and Germany. Located at the intersection of sociology of disaster and sociology of migration, it explores how adaptation to new cultural contexts affected migrants’ social and cultural lives, particularly their marriage patterns, family structures, and gender dynamics, in part giving way to the emergence of the Almancı identity and the role and the importance of “home” and “homeland” for these migrants. The article also addresses internal migration to Istanbul, emphasising the significance of neighbourhoods, hemşehri relationships, and village associations as “buffer mechanisms,” which also caused to the revival of tribal structures within the context of migration. Drawing on the first-hand, personal accounts, I highlight the immediate trauma and loss caused by the earthquakes, reviewing the limited scientific research on the long-term social and psychological impacts of the disaster. I examine the social issues arising from “forced migration” after the earthquake, including state support and accommodation in boarding schools. Although these schools provided educational opportunities outside Varto, which facilitated social advancement, they also separated families from their children, profoundly influencing family structures. Finally, the article analyses the traditional architecture in Varto after the (1946 and) 1966 earthquakes, which developed not only as a post-earthquake reflection but also as a response to internal and transnational migration. Here, the focus is on the use of new materials and construction techniques, the integration of modern elements, and the associated shifts in local daily practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Research and publication ethics statement: This article is drawn from the field research conducted for my doctoral dissertation (mostly between 2004-2007) that was published in German in 2008 in Germany. The article uses my further fieldwork research on the topic that took place between 2008 and 2012, which helped to expand and re-frame my findings in the light of contemporary theoretical insights. In its current form, the article has not been published elsewhere and has not been submitted for publication as a journal article or book chapter in any other journal or publisher. Authors’ contributions: The article is single-authored. Ethics committee approval: Since the research was conducted before 2020 (mainly between 2004 and 2007), ethical committee approval is not required. Financial support: Research grants from DAAD, Goethe University, and TÜBİTAK were received for my doctoral research. Conflict of interest: There are no conflicts of interest related to this study.

Kaynakça

  1. Ambraseys, N.N. (1997). The little-known earthquakes of 1866 and 1916 in Anatolia (Türkiye), Journal of Seismology 1(3), 289–299.
  2. Ambrseys, N.N. & A. Zátopek (1968). The Varto Üstükran (Anatolia) Earthquake of 19 August 1966: A Summary of a Field Report, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 58(1): 47–102.
  3. Assmann, J. (2018). Das kulturelle Gedächtnis Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen (Cultural memory: Writing, remembrance, and political identity in early civilizations) C.H Beck.
  4. Belasen, A.R. & Polachek, S.W. (2013). Natural disasters and migration. Constant, A. F. & Zimmermann, K. F. (Eds.) In International Handbook on the Economics of Migration. Edward Elgar, pp. 309–330.
  5. Clausen, L. (1985). Offene Fragen der Seuchensoziologie (Open questions in sociology of epidemics), Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie. Sonderheft Aspekte sozialer Konstitution von Medizin (Austrian Journal of Sociology. Special Issue: Aspects of the Social Constitution of Medicine), 10(3/4), 241–249.
  6. Chumky, T, Basu, K. Onitsuka, K & Satoshi Hoshino (2022). The current research landscape of disaster-induced migration: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 74, 102931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102931.
  7. Dombrowsky, W.R. (1989). Katastrophe und Katastrophenschutz. Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag.
  8. Dombrowsky, W.R. (1995). Zum Teufel mit dem Bindestrich. Zur Begründung der Katastrophen(-) Soziologie in Deutschland durch Lars Clausen (To Hell with the Hyphen: On the Establishment of Disaster(-) Sociology in Germany by Lars Clausen). In W. R. Dombrowsky & U. Pasero (Eds.) Wissenschaft, Literatur, Katastrophe. Westdeutscher Verlag, pp:108–122.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sosyal Antropoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Aralık 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Haziran 2024

Kabul Tarihi

8 Aralık 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 120 Ek

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gedik, E. (2024). The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye). Folklor/Edebiyat, 30(120 Ek), 1183-1208. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.3813
AMA
1.Gedik E. The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye). folk/ed. 2024;30(120 Ek):1183-1208. doi:10.22559/folklor.3813
Chicago
Gedik, Erdogan. 2024. “The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye)”. Folklor/Edebiyat 30 (120 Ek): 1183-1208. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.3813.
EndNote
Gedik E (01 Aralık 2024) The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye). Folklor/Edebiyat 30 120 Ek 1183–1208.
IEEE
[1]E. Gedik, “The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye)”, folk/ed, c. 30, sy 120 Ek, ss. 1183–1208, Ara. 2024, doi: 10.22559/folklor.3813.
ISNAD
Gedik, Erdogan. “The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye)”. Folklor/Edebiyat 30/120 Ek (01 Aralık 2024): 1183-1208. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.3813.
JAMA
1.Gedik E. The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye). folk/ed. 2024;30:1183–1208.
MLA
Gedik, Erdogan. “The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye)”. Folklor/Edebiyat, c. 30, sy 120 Ek, Aralık 2024, ss. 1183-08, doi:10.22559/folklor.3813.
Vancouver
1.Erdogan Gedik. The Impact of the 1966 Earthquakes on Migration and Social Change: A Case Study of Varto (Türkiye). folk/ed. 01 Aralık 2024;30(120 Ek):1183-208. doi:10.22559/folklor.3813

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TR DIZIN 2020 Etik Kriterleri kapsamında, dergimize 2020 yılından itibaren etik kurul izni gerektiren çalışmalar için makalenin yöntem bölümünde ilgili Etik Kurul Onayı ile ilgili bilgilere (kurul-tarih-sayı) yer verilmesi gerekecektir. Bu nedenle dergimize makale gönderecek olan yazarlarımızın ilgili kriteri göz önünde bulundurarak makalelerini düzenlemeleri önemle rica olunur.

Alan Editörleri/ Field Editörs
Halkbilimi/Folklore
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik (JohannWolfgang-Goethe İniversitet-birkalan-gedik@m.uni-frankfurt.de)
Prof.Dr. Ali Yakıcı (Gazi Üniversitesi-yakici@gazi.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Aynur Koçak (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi-nurkocak@yildiz.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Işıl Altun (Regensburg Üniversitesi/Kocaeli Üniversitesi-İsil.Altun@zsk.uni-regensburg.de)
Doç.Dr. Ahmet Keskin (Samsun Üniversitesi-ahmet.keskin@samsun.edu.tr)

Edebiyat/Literature
Prof.Dr. Abdullah Uçman (Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi -emekli-29 MayısÜniversitesi-abdullahucman@29mayis.edu.tr
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz (Ardahan Üniversitesi-emekli-Kafkasya Üniversiteler Birliği -KÜNİB-r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Emel Kefeli (Marmara Üniversitesi-emekli-İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi-ayseemelkefeli @gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Zekiye Antakyalıoğlu ( İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi-zekabe@hotmail.com)
Doç.Dr. Koray Üstün (Hacettepe Üniversitesi-korayustun@hacettepe.edu.tr)

Antropoloji/Anthropology
Prof.Dr. Hanife Aliefendioğlu (Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi-hanife.aliefendioglu@emu.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Şebnem Pala Güzel (Başkent Üniversitesi-sebnempa@baskent.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Derya Atamtürk Duyar (İstanbul Üniversitesi-datamturk@istanbul.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Meryem Bulut (Ankara Üniversitesi-meryem.bulut@gmail.com)

Dil-Dilbilim/Language-Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Nurettin Demir (Hacettepe Üniversitesi-demir@hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Aysu Erden (Maltepe Üniversitesi-aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Sema Aslan Demir (Hacettepe Üniversitesi-semaaslan@hacettepe.edu.tr)