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Kriminoloji Teorileri İle Beyoğlu Rapsodisi’ne Dokunuş

Year 2013, Volume: 19 Issue: 74, 85 - 96, 01.08.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, suç sosyolojine ait üç kuramın temel varsayımları dikkate alınarak, çağdaş Türk
Edebiyatı’nın başarılı yazarlarından Ahmet Ümit’in “Beyoğlu Rapsodisi” adlı kitabı incelenecektir.
Burada kitabın edebi bir eleştirisi yapılmayacaktır daha doğrusu bir eleştiriye gidilmeyecektir. Amaç-
lanan, metnin içinde bulundurduğu zengin materyalin, kuramlarca didiklenmesi, kuramlara referans
oluşturmasıdır. Aslında, metinde anlatılanların, sahanın temsili olarak düşünülmesi ve kuramlarla açıklanmaya
çalışılması, bir biçimde kurgu ile gerçekliğin özdeşleştirmesidir. Sıkıntıları içinde barındıran
bu süreç, sosyal düzensizlik, anomi ve gelişimsel kriminolojinin kavramları ile aydınlatılmaya çalışı-
lacak, kitaptaki olaylar bu kuramlarla anlamlandırılacaktır. Bu kuramlardan ilki, toplumsal düzensizlik
adıyla anılır.Bu kuram, şehri bir ekosistem olarak düşünüp, Darwin’in, vahşi yaşam nosyonunu kentin toplumsal örüntüsünü açıklamakta kullanmıştır. Göç, yoksulluk, marjinalleşme ve suç, şehir yaşamı-
nın fenomenleridir. Beyoğlu çevresi ve orada yaşanılanlar bu kuramın kavram setleri ile anlaşılmaya
çalışılmıştır. İkinci kuramımız ise gelişimsel kriminoloji teorisidir. Bu kuram failin yaşam pratiği ile
suça bulaşma anı arasında dönemsel bir ilişki olduğunu iddia eder. Yaş değişkeni ile suç ve suç türleri
arasında kurulan bu ilişki, romana uyarlanarak, cinayet faillerinden birisinin yaşam kesiti anlaşılmaya
çalışılmıştır. Son olarak ise suç ve sapmayı açıklamada anomi teorisine başvurduk. Anomi teorisi engellenme,
gerilim ve baskı sonucu, bireylerin hedeflerine ulaşmada nasıl suç ve sapmaya meylettiklerini
anlamaya çalışır. Bu kuramı, kurgunun iki farklı kişiliğini resmetmek için kullandık.

References

  • Akers, R.A., Sellers,C.S.(2004). Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application
  • Austin, D. (2008). “Robert E. Park,” in Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, edited by Richard Schaefer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Başıbüyük, O., Karakuş,Ö. (2010). “ Sosyal Düzensizlik ve Toplum Destekli Güvenlik Politikaları” Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 (2):65-97
  • Bay, Ö. (2012). “ Kadın- Erkek Söylemi: Cinayet Yazan Kadın Pınar Kür, ‘Bir Cinayet Romanı’ ve Cinayeti İtiraf Eden Erkek Ahmet Ümit; “Beyoğlu Rapsodisi”. Türkish Studies 7(1): 345-364
  • Burgess, E.W. (1984). “The Growth of The City An Introduction to a Research Project”. The City. Park, R.P., Burges, E. W. and McKenzie, R.D. (ed.): Chicago Press, pp. 47-62.
  • Carrabine,E., Cox, P. , Lee, M. and Plummer,K. (2002). Criminology: A Sociological Introduction, 2nd Edition, Nigel South:Routledge
  • Durkheim, E. (1897/1951). Suicide: A Study in Sociology. Newyork: The Free Press.
  • Farrington, D.P. (2002) “Developmental criminology and risk-focussed prevention”. Maguire, M., Morgan, R. and Reiner, R. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press (pp. 657-701).
  • Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R. and Ttofi, M. M. (2012) “Risk and protective factors for Offending”. Welsh, B. C. and Farrington, D. P. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention. Oxford: Oxford University Press (pp. 46-69).
  • France, A. and Homel, R. (2008). “Devoplomental Criminology” Dictionary of Youth Justice,B. Gold- son (ed.), Willian Pub, p.139-141.
  • Havigurst, Robert J. (1953). Human Development and Education. New York: McKay.
  • Loeber, R., Lacourse E and Homish D.L.(2005) “Homicide, Violence, and Developmental Trajectori- es”. Developmental origins of aggression. Tremblay, R.E., Hartup, W.W.and Archer,J. (ed.): The Guilford Press, pp. 202-222.
  • İbni Haldun (2011 ). Mukaddime 1 Çev: Sevim Belli. Onur yay.
  • Kızmaz, Zahir. (2005). “Sosyolojik Suç Kuramlarının Suç Olgusunu Açıklama Potansiyelleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme” C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 29 (2): 149-174
  • Kivisto, P. (2008) Sosyolojinin Temel Kavramları. Birleşik yay.
  • Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M. and White, H. R. (2008) Violence and Serious Theft: Development and Prediction from Childhood toAdulthood. New York: Routledge.
  • Laub, J. H. and Sampson, R. J., (2003), Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Mandel, E. (1985). Hoş Cinayet Polisiye Romanın Toplumsal Tarihi. Yazın Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
  • Merton , R.(1938) “ Social Structure and Anomie” American Sociological Review (3): 672-82.
  • Merton, R.K. (1949) “On SociologicalTheoriesof the Middle Range from Robert K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure”. Classical Sociological Theory. Calhoun, C. et all. (Ed.): Wiley- Blackwell; 2 edition (August 2007). pp. 448-459.
  • Messner, S., Ark. (2008). “Institutions, Anomie, and Violent Crime: Clarifying and Elaborating Insti- tutional-Anomie Theory” The International Journal of Conflict and Violence 2 (2): 163 – 181.
  • Moffitt, T. E, Capsi, A.; Rutter, M., and Silva, P. A., (2001), Sex differences in antisocial behavior: Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Montesquie (1998). Kanunların Ruhu Üzerine. Toplumsal Dönüşüm Yay.
  • Newman, P. R. and Newman, B. M.(2009). Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach. Wadsworht Cengage Learning Pub.
  • Park, R. E. (1928) “Human Migration and Marginal Man” The American Journal Of Sociology, Vol. 33, No. 6, 881- 893.
  • Park, R.E. (1984) “The City: Suggestion for The Investigation of Human Behavior in The Urban En- vironment ”. The City. Park, R.P., Burges, E. W. and McKenzie, R.D. (ed.): Chicago Press, pp. 1-46.
  • Siegel, L.J. (2011). Criminology: The Core. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning pub.
  • Spelman,W .(1993).“Abandoned Buildings: Magnets for Crime?” Journal of Criminal Justice 21 (1993): 481–493.
  • Stark, R. (1987). “Deviant Places: A Theory of The Ecology of Crime” Criminology 25 (4): 893-909.
  • Tibbetts, S. G., Hemmens,C. (2010). Criminological Theory A Text/ Reader. SAGE Pub.
  • TDK (2013). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü Ekoloji Maddesi
  • Ümit,A (2011). Beyoğlu Rapsodisi. Everest yay. 38. Basım.
  • Ümit, A. (2013) http://www.kitapgazetesi.com/konu.asp?id=69 ( 24-01-2013)
  • Üyepazarcı, E. (2008). Korkmayınız Mister Sherlock Holmes İstanbul.
  • Vito, G. F., Maahs, J. R. (2011). Criminology: Theory, Research, and Policy , Jones and Bartlett Pub.

TOUCHING BEYOĞLU RAPSODY WITH THEORIES OF CRIMINOLOGY

Year 2013, Volume: 19 Issue: 74, 85 - 96, 01.08.2013

Abstract

This study analyses the book named “Beyoğlu Rapsodisi” of Ahmet Ümit, who is one of the
successful Contemporary Turkish Literature in the light of main assumptions of three theories of criminology.
Here a literary critique is not made nor does it criticize the book. The aim is to examine the
rich content of the book in the light of theories and to create a reference to theories. As a matter of the
fact that assuming what was underlined in the text as the representation of the field and explaining with
theories somehow identifying the real with literary construct. This process that contains problems is
tried to be enlightened under the light of the “social disorder” and “anomy” and the concepts of the
Developmental Criminology so as the events in the book are explained with these theories. Of these
theories the first is called social disorder. This theory accepts the city as an ecosystem and explains the
social pattern of the city with Darwin’s notion of “wild life”. Migration, poverty, marginalization and
crime are the phenomena of the city. Neighborhood of Beyoğlu and the life going on there are tried to
be explained with the conceptual sets of this approach. And our second theory is that of the developmental
criminology. This theory asserts that there is a sessional relationship between the life practice
of a culprit and the moment of taking part in crime. This claimed relationship between life variable and
crime and the types of crime is adapted to the novel to try to understand the life sequence of a murderer.
Lastly, I make use of the theory of anomy to explain crime and deviation. The theory of anomy tries to
understand that how as a result of prevention, tension and oppression individuals lean toward crime and
deviation to achieve a goal

References

  • Akers, R.A., Sellers,C.S.(2004). Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application
  • Austin, D. (2008). “Robert E. Park,” in Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, edited by Richard Schaefer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Başıbüyük, O., Karakuş,Ö. (2010). “ Sosyal Düzensizlik ve Toplum Destekli Güvenlik Politikaları” Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 (2):65-97
  • Bay, Ö. (2012). “ Kadın- Erkek Söylemi: Cinayet Yazan Kadın Pınar Kür, ‘Bir Cinayet Romanı’ ve Cinayeti İtiraf Eden Erkek Ahmet Ümit; “Beyoğlu Rapsodisi”. Türkish Studies 7(1): 345-364
  • Burgess, E.W. (1984). “The Growth of The City An Introduction to a Research Project”. The City. Park, R.P., Burges, E. W. and McKenzie, R.D. (ed.): Chicago Press, pp. 47-62.
  • Carrabine,E., Cox, P. , Lee, M. and Plummer,K. (2002). Criminology: A Sociological Introduction, 2nd Edition, Nigel South:Routledge
  • Durkheim, E. (1897/1951). Suicide: A Study in Sociology. Newyork: The Free Press.
  • Farrington, D.P. (2002) “Developmental criminology and risk-focussed prevention”. Maguire, M., Morgan, R. and Reiner, R. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press (pp. 657-701).
  • Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R. and Ttofi, M. M. (2012) “Risk and protective factors for Offending”. Welsh, B. C. and Farrington, D. P. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention. Oxford: Oxford University Press (pp. 46-69).
  • France, A. and Homel, R. (2008). “Devoplomental Criminology” Dictionary of Youth Justice,B. Gold- son (ed.), Willian Pub, p.139-141.
  • Havigurst, Robert J. (1953). Human Development and Education. New York: McKay.
  • Loeber, R., Lacourse E and Homish D.L.(2005) “Homicide, Violence, and Developmental Trajectori- es”. Developmental origins of aggression. Tremblay, R.E., Hartup, W.W.and Archer,J. (ed.): The Guilford Press, pp. 202-222.
  • İbni Haldun (2011 ). Mukaddime 1 Çev: Sevim Belli. Onur yay.
  • Kızmaz, Zahir. (2005). “Sosyolojik Suç Kuramlarının Suç Olgusunu Açıklama Potansiyelleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme” C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 29 (2): 149-174
  • Kivisto, P. (2008) Sosyolojinin Temel Kavramları. Birleşik yay.
  • Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M. and White, H. R. (2008) Violence and Serious Theft: Development and Prediction from Childhood toAdulthood. New York: Routledge.
  • Laub, J. H. and Sampson, R. J., (2003), Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Mandel, E. (1985). Hoş Cinayet Polisiye Romanın Toplumsal Tarihi. Yazın Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
  • Merton , R.(1938) “ Social Structure and Anomie” American Sociological Review (3): 672-82.
  • Merton, R.K. (1949) “On SociologicalTheoriesof the Middle Range from Robert K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure”. Classical Sociological Theory. Calhoun, C. et all. (Ed.): Wiley- Blackwell; 2 edition (August 2007). pp. 448-459.
  • Messner, S., Ark. (2008). “Institutions, Anomie, and Violent Crime: Clarifying and Elaborating Insti- tutional-Anomie Theory” The International Journal of Conflict and Violence 2 (2): 163 – 181.
  • Moffitt, T. E, Capsi, A.; Rutter, M., and Silva, P. A., (2001), Sex differences in antisocial behavior: Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Montesquie (1998). Kanunların Ruhu Üzerine. Toplumsal Dönüşüm Yay.
  • Newman, P. R. and Newman, B. M.(2009). Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach. Wadsworht Cengage Learning Pub.
  • Park, R. E. (1928) “Human Migration and Marginal Man” The American Journal Of Sociology, Vol. 33, No. 6, 881- 893.
  • Park, R.E. (1984) “The City: Suggestion for The Investigation of Human Behavior in The Urban En- vironment ”. The City. Park, R.P., Burges, E. W. and McKenzie, R.D. (ed.): Chicago Press, pp. 1-46.
  • Siegel, L.J. (2011). Criminology: The Core. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning pub.
  • Spelman,W .(1993).“Abandoned Buildings: Magnets for Crime?” Journal of Criminal Justice 21 (1993): 481–493.
  • Stark, R. (1987). “Deviant Places: A Theory of The Ecology of Crime” Criminology 25 (4): 893-909.
  • Tibbetts, S. G., Hemmens,C. (2010). Criminological Theory A Text/ Reader. SAGE Pub.
  • TDK (2013). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü Ekoloji Maddesi
  • Ümit,A (2011). Beyoğlu Rapsodisi. Everest yay. 38. Basım.
  • Ümit, A. (2013) http://www.kitapgazetesi.com/konu.asp?id=69 ( 24-01-2013)
  • Üyepazarcı, E. (2008). Korkmayınız Mister Sherlock Holmes İstanbul.
  • Vito, G. F., Maahs, J. R. (2011). Criminology: Theory, Research, and Policy , Jones and Bartlett Pub.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA67CH27UM
Journal Section Article
Authors

Murat Cem Demir This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 19 Issue: 74

Cite

APA Demir, M. C. (2013). Kriminoloji Teorileri İle Beyoğlu Rapsodisi’ne Dokunuş. Folklor/Edebiyat, 19(74), 85-96.

Journal website: https://folkloredebiyat.org
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Field EdItors

Folklore:
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik
(Frankfurt University- birkalan-gedik@em.uni.frankfurt.de)
Prof. Dr. Arzu Öztürkmen
(Bosphorus University- ozturkme@boun.edu.tr)
Edebiyat-Literature
Prof. Dr. G. Gonca Gökalp Alpaslan (Hacettepe University - ggonca@
hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz
(President, Caucasus University Association- r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Antropoloji-Anthropology
Prof. Dr. Akile Gürsoy
(Beykent University - gursoyakile@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Serpil Aygün Cengiz
(Ankara University - serpilayguncengiz@gmail.com)
Dil-Dilbilim/Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Aysu Erden
(Maltepe University - aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. V. Doğan Günay
(Dokuz Eylul University- dogan.gunay@deu.edu.tr)