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Margery Kempe’in Kitabı’nda Hafızanın Stratejik Kullanımı

Year 2021, Volume: 27 Issue: 106 Özel Ek, 297 - 310, 11.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.1605

Abstract

Margery Kempe’in Kitabı (1430’lar), Margery’nin hayat hikâyesini
genel hatlarıyla bölümler halinde anlatır ve daha çok Margery’nin ruhsal ve
dini deneyimlerine, ızdırap ve gelişimine odaklanır. Bu kitap, aslında bizzat
Margery tarafından dikte edilmiş ve iki farklı kâtip tarafından yazılmış
bir otobiyografidir. Buna rağmen, Margery çocukluğundan neredeyse hiç
bahsetmez. Ayrıca, en az on dört çocuğu olduğu bilinmesine karşın, kısa
bir biçimde bir oğlunu ve aralarında geçen konuşmayı anlatır ve diğerleri
hakkında konuşmaktan imtina eder. Çocukları hakkında konuşmaktan
kaçınması yaşadığı zor doğum(lar) sonrasında gelişen doğum sonrası psikoz
ve bu durumun yarattığı travma olabilir.
Yine de, kurduğu işleri ve bu işlerde nasıl başarısız olduğunu ayrıntılarıyla
anlatan biri için, çocuklarından bahsetmemesi düşündürücüdür çünkü Margery
otobiyografisinde, dini deneyimlerine, hacca giderken yaşadığı zorluklara,
ziyaret ettiği kutsal alanlara ve oralardaki ritüellere, kendisine karşı yapılan
dinsizlik suçlamalarına, yargılanmasına ve verdiği cevaplarla aklanmasına,
bizzat Tanrı ve Yüce İsa’yla olan sohbetlerini içeren görülerine oldukça geniş
yer vermiştir. Ayrıca, problemli bir diğer konu da, Kempe’in, otobiyografisini
görülerinden yirmi yıl sonra anlatması ve bunların kâtiplerce yazılmış olmasıdır.
Dolayısıyla, hafıza kavramı, çeşitli türleriyle hem metnin üretim aşamasında
hem de kendisinde çok önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Örneğin, kurgusal Margery
iddia ettiği gibi okur yazar olmayan bir kadın olarak anılarını sadece hafızasına
dayanarak anlattığından, neredeyse yirmi beş yılı kapsayan tüm geçmiş
anılarını doğru anımsayamıyor olabilir. Hatta, bu anıları seçebilir; manipüle
edebilir ve çeşitli sebeplerle yeniden oluşturabilir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale
Kempe’in kurgusal Margery’ye Orta Çağ’da yaşayan kadınlara biçilen anne ve
eş rollerinden farklı olarak mistik, dini otorite ve hacı rollerini nasıl sağladığını
ve böylece kadın kimliğini nasıl güçlendirdiğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır

References

  • Atkinson, C.W. (1983). Mystic and pilgrim: The book and the world of Margery Kempe. Ithaca: Cornell University.
  • Bailey, A. E. (2020). The problematic pilgrim: Rethinking Margery’s pilgrim iden- tity in The Book of Margery Kempe. The Chaucer Review, 55 (2), 171-196.
  • Conrad, C. D. (2010). A critical review of chronic stress effects on spatial learning and me- mory. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry, 34 (5), 742–755.
  • Finke, L. A. (1999). Women’s writing in English: Medieval England. London: Longman.
  • Kempe, M. (1996). L. Staley (Ed.). The book of Margery Kempe. Michigan: Michigan UP.
  • Krug, R. (2017). Margery Kempe and the lonely reader. Ithaca: Cornell UP. Lindstedt, S. (2018). Questioning the ‘book of life’ as evidence for the ‘illiteracy’ of Margery Kempe. Notes and queries, 65 (3), 302-303.
  • Mahoney, D. B. (1992). Margery Kempe’s tears and the power over language. In S. McEntire (Ed.). Margery Kempe: A book of essays. Garland, 1992, 37-50.
  • McEntire, S. (1992). Introduction. In S. McEntire (Ed.). Margery Kempe: A book of essays. London: Garland.
  • Murray, J. (1995). Thinking about gender: The diversity of medieval perspectives. In J. Carpenter and S. B. Maclean (Eds.). Power of the weak: Studies on medieval women. Chicago: University of Illinois,1-26.
  • Reis, H. (2005). [S]che was evry aferd: Pilgrimage and medieval women in The Book of Margery Kempe. Hacettepe University journal of faculty of letters, 22 (2), 151-161.
  • Robertson, E. (1990). An anchorhold of her own: Female anchoritic literature in thir- teenth-century England. In J. Bolton Holloway, J. Bechtold and C. S. Wright. (Eds.). Equally in God’s image: Women in the middle ages, 167-169. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Ross, R. C. (1992). Oral life, written text: The genesis of the book of Margery Kempe. The yearbook of English studies, 22 (Medieval Narrative Special Number), 226-237.
  • Salih, S. (2018) Margery and Marina: The book of Margery Kempe as performance archive. [Conference Presentation]. Margery Kempe Studies in the 21st Century, 5-7 April 2018, Oxford: University College.
  • Saunders, C. and Fernyhough, C. (2017) Reading Margery Kempe’s inner voices. Postmedieval: A journal of medieval cultural studies, 8 (2), 209-217. Staley, L. (1994). Margery Kempe’s dissenting fictions. Pennsylvania: The Penns- ylvania State University.
  • Swanson, R. N. (2003). Will the real Margery Kempe please stand up! In D. Watt (Ed.), Women and religion in medieval England, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 141-165.

The Strategic Use of Memory in the Book of Margery Kempe

Year 2021, Volume: 27 Issue: 106 Özel Ek, 297 - 310, 11.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.1605

Abstract

The Book of Margery Kempe (1430s) narrates Margery’s life story in looselyknitted
episodes, mainly focusing on her spiritual experiences, sufferings,
and development. It is actually an autobiography dictated by Margery Kempe
herself and written by two different scribes. However, it is recited and written
after twenty years of her visions including personal conversations with God and
Jesus Christ. Memory, thus, with its various types occupies a crucial place in
both the writing process of the text and the text itself. As Margery, an illiterate
woman as she claims, recites her experiences relying only on her memory,
she may not be able to accurately recollect all memories of the past covering
almost twenty-five years. Even, she may select, manipulate, and reconstruct
them for various reasons.In this context, this paper aims to analyze how Kempe provides the fictional
Margery with an alternative role of a mystic, a religious authority, and a
pilgrim other than allotted roles of wifehood and motherhood for a medieval
woman. To be able to achieve this, Margery Kempe makes use of the fictional
Margery’s visions beginning after her first childbirth and also other strategies.

References

  • Atkinson, C.W. (1983). Mystic and pilgrim: The book and the world of Margery Kempe. Ithaca: Cornell University.
  • Bailey, A. E. (2020). The problematic pilgrim: Rethinking Margery’s pilgrim iden- tity in The Book of Margery Kempe. The Chaucer Review, 55 (2), 171-196.
  • Conrad, C. D. (2010). A critical review of chronic stress effects on spatial learning and me- mory. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry, 34 (5), 742–755.
  • Finke, L. A. (1999). Women’s writing in English: Medieval England. London: Longman.
  • Kempe, M. (1996). L. Staley (Ed.). The book of Margery Kempe. Michigan: Michigan UP.
  • Krug, R. (2017). Margery Kempe and the lonely reader. Ithaca: Cornell UP. Lindstedt, S. (2018). Questioning the ‘book of life’ as evidence for the ‘illiteracy’ of Margery Kempe. Notes and queries, 65 (3), 302-303.
  • Mahoney, D. B. (1992). Margery Kempe’s tears and the power over language. In S. McEntire (Ed.). Margery Kempe: A book of essays. Garland, 1992, 37-50.
  • McEntire, S. (1992). Introduction. In S. McEntire (Ed.). Margery Kempe: A book of essays. London: Garland.
  • Murray, J. (1995). Thinking about gender: The diversity of medieval perspectives. In J. Carpenter and S. B. Maclean (Eds.). Power of the weak: Studies on medieval women. Chicago: University of Illinois,1-26.
  • Reis, H. (2005). [S]che was evry aferd: Pilgrimage and medieval women in The Book of Margery Kempe. Hacettepe University journal of faculty of letters, 22 (2), 151-161.
  • Robertson, E. (1990). An anchorhold of her own: Female anchoritic literature in thir- teenth-century England. In J. Bolton Holloway, J. Bechtold and C. S. Wright. (Eds.). Equally in God’s image: Women in the middle ages, 167-169. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Ross, R. C. (1992). Oral life, written text: The genesis of the book of Margery Kempe. The yearbook of English studies, 22 (Medieval Narrative Special Number), 226-237.
  • Salih, S. (2018) Margery and Marina: The book of Margery Kempe as performance archive. [Conference Presentation]. Margery Kempe Studies in the 21st Century, 5-7 April 2018, Oxford: University College.
  • Saunders, C. and Fernyhough, C. (2017) Reading Margery Kempe’s inner voices. Postmedieval: A journal of medieval cultural studies, 8 (2), 209-217. Staley, L. (1994). Margery Kempe’s dissenting fictions. Pennsylvania: The Penns- ylvania State University.
  • Swanson, R. N. (2003). Will the real Margery Kempe please stand up! In D. Watt (Ed.), Women and religion in medieval England, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 141-165.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Article
Authors

Azime Pekşen Yakar 0000-0002-5727-813X

Publication Date October 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 27 Issue: 106 Özel Ek

Cite

APA Pekşen Yakar, A. (2021). The Strategic Use of Memory in the Book of Margery Kempe. Folklor/Edebiyat, 27(106 Özel Ek), 297-310. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.1605

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