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Türk Medyasında Namus Cinayetlerinin Temsili honor killing, media, gender, violenc

Year 2022, Volume: 28 Issue: 112, 927 - 944, 01.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2203

Abstract

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kadına yönelik şiddet önemli sosyal problemlerden birisidir. Geleneksel toplumlarda ataerkil iktidar ilişkilerini yeniden üreterek kadınlar üzerindeki eril tahakkümü meşrulaştıran namus saikiyle işlenen cinayetler kadına yönelik şiddetin en dramatik türlerinden birisini oluşturmaktadır. Namus anlayışı toplumsal yaşam içerisinde her ne kadar farklı kaynaklardan beslense de medya, dil ve söylem aracılığıyla namus kavramın sosyal olarak inşa edilmesinden önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Hegemonik cinsellik ve cinsiyet söylemine göre ataerkil toplumun kültürel değer ve normlarıyla şekillenen namus ve namus adına işlenen cinayetler medyaya da yansımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı medyanın kadın cinayetlerini ele alma biçiminin namus algısını pekiştirip pekiştirmediğini anlamaya çalışmaktır. Başka bir ifade ile çalışma, medyanın kadın cinayeti haberlerini verirken, eril bir dil kullanıp kullanmadığı, mağdurları ve failleri nasıl resmettiği, şiddeti normalleştirme ve meşrulaştırma biçimlerini araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikli olarak ulusal çapta günlük yayın yapan iki gazetede (Radikal ve Posta) 2012-2014 yıllarında yayınlanan kadına yönelik şiddet haberleri taranarak özellikle namus adına işlendiği belirtilen kadın cinayeti haberleri seçilmiş ve söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Haberlerin analizinde kadın cinayetlerinin sansasyonel biçimde cinayetin magazin yönüne odaklanarak verildiği, cinayetleri sosyal bağlamından soyutlanarak bireyselleştirildiği, şiddetin namus temelli meşrulaştırıldığı, kadınların kocalarına itaat etmedikleri, ailenin namus ve şerefini “lekeledikleri” için öldürüldüğü ve haberlerde de eril bir dilin kullanıldığı anlaşılmıştır.

References

  • Abdo, N. (2006). Namus cinayetleri, ataerkillik ve devlet: İsrail’de kadın. In (S. Mojab and N. Abdo Ed.) Namus adına şiddet kurumsal ve siyasal yaklaşımlar (G. Kömürcüler, Çev.) (63-96) Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Abu-Lughod, L. (1986). Veiled sentiments: Honor and poetry in a Bedouin Society. University of California Press.
  • Bangash, A. K. & Muhammad, N. (2017). Honour killing in federally administered tribal areas of Pakistan: A perceptional study in Kurram agency. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 9 (3), 100-113. Bağlı, M. ve Özensel, E. (2011). Türkiye’de töre ve namus cinayetleri. Destek.
  • Baron, B. (2006). Women, honor, and the state: Evidence from Egypt. Middle Eastern Studies, 42 (1), 1-20.
  • Berns, N. S. (2017). Framing the victim: Domestic violence, media, and social problems. Routledge. Chesler, P. (2010). Worldwide trends in honor killings. Middle East Quarterly.
  • Doğan, R. (2014). Different cultural understandings of honor that inspire killing: An inquiry into the defendant’s perspective. Homicide Studies, 18 (4), 363-388.
  • Dursun, Ç. (2008). Kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet ve haber medyası: Alternatif bir habercilik. TC Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Hall, S. (1973) The determinations of news photographs. The manufacture of news: Social problems, Deviance and the mass media, communication and society. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Hall, S. (1973). The determination of news photographs. The manufacture of news: A Reader. S. Cohen and J. Young. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Hartley, J. (2001) Understanding news. N Y: Routledge.
  • Husseini, R. (2009). Murder in the name of honour. Oxford, UK: One World Publications.
  • Khan, R., Saleem, S., & Lowe, M. (2017). “Honour”-based violence in a British South Asian community. Safer Communities.
  • Kulwicki, A. D. (2002). The practice of honor crimes: A glimpse of domestic violence in the Arab world. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23, 77-87.
  • Mojab, S. (2006). Namusun tikelliği ve öldürmenin evrenselliği: Erken uyarı sinyallerinden feminist pedagojiye. In (S. Mojab and N. Abdo Ed.) Namus adına şiddet kurumsal ve siyasal yaklaşımlar (G. Kömürcüler, Çev.) İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 17-42.
  • Moxnes, H. (2004) Honor and shame. The Social sciences and New Testament Interpretation, 19-40. Ne’eman Haviv, V. (2021). Honor killings in muslim and western countries in modern times: A critical literature review and definitional implications. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 13 (3), 381- 397.
  • Peristiany, J. G. (1965) Honor and shame. The Values of the Mediterranean Society. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London.
  • Potter, J, W. (1999) On media violence, Sage.
  • Raza, S. H., & Liaqat, M. (2017). Honor killing of women: A comparative study of the Pakistani print media. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 10 (1), 1-6.
  • Reimers, E. (2007) Representations of an honor killing: Intersections of discourses on culture, gender, equality, social class, and nationality. Feminist Media Studies, 7 (3), 239-258.
  • Sev’er, A., & Yurdakul, G. (2001). Culture of honor, culture of change: A feminist analysis of honor killings in rural Turkey. Violence against Women, 7 (9), 964-998.
  • Singh, D., & Bhandari, D. S. (2021). Legacy of honor and violence: An analysis of factors responsible for honor killings in Afghanistan, Canada, India, and Pakistan as discussed in selected documentaries on real cases. SAGE Open, 11 (2), 21582440211022323
  • Sirman, N. (2006). Akrabalık, siyaset ve sevgi: sömürge-sonrası koşullarda namus -Türkiye örneği. In (S. Mojab and N. Abdo Ed.) Namus Adına Şiddet: Kuramsal ve Siyasal Yaklaşımlar. yaklaşımlar (G. Kömürcüler, Çev.) Bilgi Üniversitesi, 43-61.
  • Standish, K. (2014). Understanding cultural violence and gender: honor killings; dowry murder; the zina ordinance and blood-feuds. Journal of Gender Studies, 23 (2) 111-124.
  • Taylor, R. (2009). Slain and slandered: A content analysis of the portrayal of femicide in crime news. Homicide Studies, 13 (1), 21-49.
  • Tomer, A. (2015) Domestıc violence and honor-based killing. Indian Scholar an International Multidisciplinary Research e-Journal, 1 (3), 16-21.
  • Van Dijk, T.A. (2003). Critical discourse analysis. In (D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen & H.E. Hamilton Ed.) The Handbook of Discourse Analysis 352-372. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
  • Vandello, J. A. ve Cohen, D. (2003). Male honor and female fielity: Implicit cultural scripts that perpetuate domestic violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 997-1010.
  • Yıldırım, B., & Dudu, E. (2014). Farklı yayın politikalarına sahip gazetelerde kadına yönelik şiddetin sunumu. Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 18 (3). 23-50.
  • Yıldız, A. N. (2009) Kadın cinselliğinin söylemsel inşası ve namus cinayetleri: şanlıurfa örneği [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi] Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Electronic resources: Ertürk, Y. (2007). Kadına karşı şiddet, nedenleri ve sonuçları: Türkiye raporu. İHOP, Ankara. 15.02.2015 http://www.ihop.org.tr/dosya/YE/yeturkiyerapor.pdf
  • Ferwerda, H. & Leiden, I. V. (2005). Eerwraak of eergerelateerd geweld. Naar een werkdefinitie. 24.08.20015 www.huiselijkgeweld.nl/doc/feiten/eerwraak_of_eergerelateerd_geweld_ferwerda_ 2005.pdf
  • Human Rights Presidency Honor and custom killings report 2007 (2008) 30.11.2017. http://www.tihk. gov.tr/www/files/tore_namus_cinayetleri_raporu_06_08_2008
  • KAMER İstersek biter (We can stop this) KAMER Vakfı. 15.10.2020 https://www.kamer.org.tr/icerik_ detay.php?id=266
  • The Report of Grand National Assembly of Turkey, (2005) 08.05.2015 http://www.kadininstatusu.gov. tr/upload/kadininstatusu.gov.tr/mce/eski_site/Pdf/tbmmkom-bolum1.pdf

The Representation of Honor Killings in Turkish Media

Year 2022, Volume: 28 Issue: 112, 927 - 944, 01.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2203

Abstract

Violence against women is one of the most common violation of human rights in the world. Women have been subjected to honor violence and they are still being subjected to such violence all around the world in different cultures. The killings in the name of honor are justified in a society when the rules of honor in control of men formed around women’s bodies and sexuality are disregarded by women. The study aims to understand whether the way of media’s treatment of femicide reinforce the honour perception or not. In other words, the purpose of the study is to examine if the media uses a patriarchal language, how it captures the victims and perpetrators, how it normalizes and justifies the violence while publishing the news about honor killing. The news about violence against women published in two of the national newspapers broadcasting daily between 2012-2014 have been examined within the scope of the study and the femicide news released as committed for the honor have been selected among the news. The selected news have been analyzed through critical discourse analysis. As the result of the analysis, it has been observed that the news about honor killing focus more on the popular aspect of the murder in a sensational manner. Such news use a patriarchal language, justify the violence based on the honor issues and emphasize that women are killed due to the lack of obedience to their husbands and staining the honor of their family.

References

  • Abdo, N. (2006). Namus cinayetleri, ataerkillik ve devlet: İsrail’de kadın. In (S. Mojab and N. Abdo Ed.) Namus adına şiddet kurumsal ve siyasal yaklaşımlar (G. Kömürcüler, Çev.) (63-96) Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Abu-Lughod, L. (1986). Veiled sentiments: Honor and poetry in a Bedouin Society. University of California Press.
  • Bangash, A. K. & Muhammad, N. (2017). Honour killing in federally administered tribal areas of Pakistan: A perceptional study in Kurram agency. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 9 (3), 100-113. Bağlı, M. ve Özensel, E. (2011). Türkiye’de töre ve namus cinayetleri. Destek.
  • Baron, B. (2006). Women, honor, and the state: Evidence from Egypt. Middle Eastern Studies, 42 (1), 1-20.
  • Berns, N. S. (2017). Framing the victim: Domestic violence, media, and social problems. Routledge. Chesler, P. (2010). Worldwide trends in honor killings. Middle East Quarterly.
  • Doğan, R. (2014). Different cultural understandings of honor that inspire killing: An inquiry into the defendant’s perspective. Homicide Studies, 18 (4), 363-388.
  • Dursun, Ç. (2008). Kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet ve haber medyası: Alternatif bir habercilik. TC Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Hall, S. (1973) The determinations of news photographs. The manufacture of news: Social problems, Deviance and the mass media, communication and society. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Hall, S. (1973). The determination of news photographs. The manufacture of news: A Reader. S. Cohen and J. Young. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Hartley, J. (2001) Understanding news. N Y: Routledge.
  • Husseini, R. (2009). Murder in the name of honour. Oxford, UK: One World Publications.
  • Khan, R., Saleem, S., & Lowe, M. (2017). “Honour”-based violence in a British South Asian community. Safer Communities.
  • Kulwicki, A. D. (2002). The practice of honor crimes: A glimpse of domestic violence in the Arab world. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23, 77-87.
  • Mojab, S. (2006). Namusun tikelliği ve öldürmenin evrenselliği: Erken uyarı sinyallerinden feminist pedagojiye. In (S. Mojab and N. Abdo Ed.) Namus adına şiddet kurumsal ve siyasal yaklaşımlar (G. Kömürcüler, Çev.) İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 17-42.
  • Moxnes, H. (2004) Honor and shame. The Social sciences and New Testament Interpretation, 19-40. Ne’eman Haviv, V. (2021). Honor killings in muslim and western countries in modern times: A critical literature review and definitional implications. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 13 (3), 381- 397.
  • Peristiany, J. G. (1965) Honor and shame. The Values of the Mediterranean Society. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London.
  • Potter, J, W. (1999) On media violence, Sage.
  • Raza, S. H., & Liaqat, M. (2017). Honor killing of women: A comparative study of the Pakistani print media. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 10 (1), 1-6.
  • Reimers, E. (2007) Representations of an honor killing: Intersections of discourses on culture, gender, equality, social class, and nationality. Feminist Media Studies, 7 (3), 239-258.
  • Sev’er, A., & Yurdakul, G. (2001). Culture of honor, culture of change: A feminist analysis of honor killings in rural Turkey. Violence against Women, 7 (9), 964-998.
  • Singh, D., & Bhandari, D. S. (2021). Legacy of honor and violence: An analysis of factors responsible for honor killings in Afghanistan, Canada, India, and Pakistan as discussed in selected documentaries on real cases. SAGE Open, 11 (2), 21582440211022323
  • Sirman, N. (2006). Akrabalık, siyaset ve sevgi: sömürge-sonrası koşullarda namus -Türkiye örneği. In (S. Mojab and N. Abdo Ed.) Namus Adına Şiddet: Kuramsal ve Siyasal Yaklaşımlar. yaklaşımlar (G. Kömürcüler, Çev.) Bilgi Üniversitesi, 43-61.
  • Standish, K. (2014). Understanding cultural violence and gender: honor killings; dowry murder; the zina ordinance and blood-feuds. Journal of Gender Studies, 23 (2) 111-124.
  • Taylor, R. (2009). Slain and slandered: A content analysis of the portrayal of femicide in crime news. Homicide Studies, 13 (1), 21-49.
  • Tomer, A. (2015) Domestıc violence and honor-based killing. Indian Scholar an International Multidisciplinary Research e-Journal, 1 (3), 16-21.
  • Van Dijk, T.A. (2003). Critical discourse analysis. In (D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen & H.E. Hamilton Ed.) The Handbook of Discourse Analysis 352-372. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
  • Vandello, J. A. ve Cohen, D. (2003). Male honor and female fielity: Implicit cultural scripts that perpetuate domestic violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 997-1010.
  • Yıldırım, B., & Dudu, E. (2014). Farklı yayın politikalarına sahip gazetelerde kadına yönelik şiddetin sunumu. Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 18 (3). 23-50.
  • Yıldız, A. N. (2009) Kadın cinselliğinin söylemsel inşası ve namus cinayetleri: şanlıurfa örneği [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi] Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Electronic resources: Ertürk, Y. (2007). Kadına karşı şiddet, nedenleri ve sonuçları: Türkiye raporu. İHOP, Ankara. 15.02.2015 http://www.ihop.org.tr/dosya/YE/yeturkiyerapor.pdf
  • Ferwerda, H. & Leiden, I. V. (2005). Eerwraak of eergerelateerd geweld. Naar een werkdefinitie. 24.08.20015 www.huiselijkgeweld.nl/doc/feiten/eerwraak_of_eergerelateerd_geweld_ferwerda_ 2005.pdf
  • Human Rights Presidency Honor and custom killings report 2007 (2008) 30.11.2017. http://www.tihk. gov.tr/www/files/tore_namus_cinayetleri_raporu_06_08_2008
  • KAMER İstersek biter (We can stop this) KAMER Vakfı. 15.10.2020 https://www.kamer.org.tr/icerik_ detay.php?id=266
  • The Report of Grand National Assembly of Turkey, (2005) 08.05.2015 http://www.kadininstatusu.gov. tr/upload/kadininstatusu.gov.tr/mce/eski_site/Pdf/tbmmkom-bolum1.pdf
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Anthropology, Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Article
Authors

Nurşen Adak This is me 0000-0001-8748-9678

Publication Date November 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 28 Issue: 112

Cite

APA Adak, N. (2022). The Representation of Honor Killings in Turkish Media. Folklor/Edebiyat, 28(112), 927-944. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2203

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Field EdItors

Folklore:
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik
(Frankfurt University- birkalan-gedik@em.uni.frankfurt.de)
Prof. Dr. Arzu Öztürkmen
(Bosphorus University- ozturkme@boun.edu.tr)
Edebiyat-Literature
Prof. Dr. G. Gonca Gökalp Alpaslan (Hacettepe University - ggonca@
hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz
(President, Caucasus University Association- r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Antropoloji-Anthropology
Prof. Dr. Akile Gürsoy
(Beykent University - gursoyakile@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Serpil Aygün Cengiz
(Ankara University - serpilayguncengiz@gmail.com)
Dil-Dilbilim/Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Aysu Erden
(Maltepe University - aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. V. Doğan Günay
(Dokuz Eylul University- dogan.gunay@deu.edu.tr)