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I Am not Homer’s Helen: Myths Retold in Amanda Elyot’s The Memoirs of Helen of Troy

Year 2023, Volume: 29 Issue: 113, 237 - 252, 01.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2338

Abstract

The present article examines the representation of female characters in classical Greek myths and the rewriting of the latter from a feminist and feminine perspective.
In Homer’s Iliad, female characters are either reduced to an object, blamed for being the cause of a devastating war, or not given freedom over their life and
destiny. From a feminist mythanalytical perspective, Homer’s Iliad participates in the subjugation of women in classical literature. In this androcentric epic, female characters are depicted as passive and submissive creatures. However, some contemporary women writers have sought to deconstruct myth narratives that give power and voice to men at the expense of women. With her novel The Memoirs of Helen of Troy (2005), Amanda Elyot retells Homer’s epic from a female character perspective. Accordingly, the article examines how the character of Helen disavows the classical tale about her and other women. Elyot’s female character provides her own version of the famous epic and its tragic story. Based on the works of feminist literary and social critics, the article argues that Elyot’s Helen is thus no longer Homer’s Helen. On the contrary, she is a new empowered character who evolves in a fictional narrative that gives voice and agency to subjugated women within a text that was initially male-centred.

References

  • Attwood, M. (2006). The penelopiad. Cannongate.
  • Beauvoir (de), S. (1956). The second sex (H. M. Parshley trans. and ed.) Jonathan Cape.
  • Cixous, H. (1976). The laugh of the Medusa (K. Cohen and P. Cohen.Trans.) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 1 (4), 93-875.
  • Doherty, L. E. (2003). Gender and the interpretation of classical myth. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Dorschel, F. B. (2011). Female identity: Rewritings of Greek and biblical myths by contemporary women writers. Middle East Technical University, [Unpublished Doctoral Thesis] https://citeseerx. ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.633.6414&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Elyot, A. (2005). The memoirs of Helen of Troy. Random House.
  • Farron, S. (1979). The portrayal of women in the Iliad. Acta Classica. (22), 15-31.
  • Fowler, R. (2006). This tart fable: Daphne and Apollo in modern women’s poetry. In Z. Zajko Vanda and M. Leonard, Laughing with Medusa: Classical myth and feminist thought. Oxford U P.
  • Frazer, Nancy. (1989). Introduction. Hypatia 3 (3).
  • Friesner, E. (2007). Nobody’s princess. Random House.
  • George, M. (2006). Helen of Troy. Viking/ Penguin.
  • Gilbert, M. S. and S. Gubar. (2000). The Madwoman in the attic: The woman writer and the nineteenthcentury literary imagination, 2nd ed. Yale U P.
  • Homer. (2005). The Iliad, (I. Johnston. Arlington, Trans.), VA: Richer Ressources Publications.
  • Hughes, B. (2006). Helen of Troy: Goddess, princess, Whore. Random House/Pimlico.
  • Irigaray, Luce. (1985). Speculum of the other woman (Gillian C. Hill, Trans.) Ithaca, NY: Cornell U P.
  • Lerner, G. (1986). The Creation of patriarchy. Oxford U P.
  • Lévi-Strauss, C. (1969). The elementary structures of kinship (J. Harle Bell and J. R. von Sturmer, Trans.) Rodney Needham, Ed) Beacon Press.
  • Rich, A. (1972). When we dead awaken: Writing as re-vision. College English. 34 (1),18-30.
  • Staley, G. (2006). Beyond glorious ocean: Feminism, myth, and America. In Zajko Zajko Vanda and Miriam Leonard, Laughing With Medusa: Classical Myth and Feminist Thought. Oxford U P.
  • Tyson, L. (2015). Critical theory today: A user friendly. 3rd Ed. Routledge.
  • Vanda, Z. (2007). Women and Greek myth. In R. D. Woodard, The Cambridge companion to Greek mythology. Cambridge U P.
  • Winmayil, B. (2020). Mythological (S)heroes in mythopoeic fictions. The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis. 12 (1), 233-38.

Ben Homeros’un Helen’i Değilim: Amanda Elyot’un Truvalı Helen’in Anılarında Yeniden Anlatılan Mit

Year 2023, Volume: 29 Issue: 113, 237 - 252, 01.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2338

Abstract

Bu makale, klasik Yunan mitlerinde kadın karakterlerin temsilini ve bunların yeniden yazılmasını feminist ve kadınsı bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Homeros’un
İlyada’sında kadın karakterler ya bir nesneye indirgenir ya da yıkıcı bir savaşın nedeni olmakla suçlanır ya da yaşamları ve kaderleri üzerinde özgürlük verilmez. Feminist bir mitanalitik perspektiften, Homeros’un İlyada’sı klasik edebiyatta kadınların boyun eğdirilmesine katılır. Bu erkek merkezli destanda, Helen ve Clytemnestra gibi Yunanlı ya da Briseis, Chryseis ve Andromache gibi Truvalı kadın karakterler, pasif ve itaatkâr yaratıklar olarak betimlenir. Homerik anlatı, bu kadınların yaşamlarının gidişatını, onlara özerklik veya faillik için herhangi bir
alan sağlamayan erkek egemen bir masal olarak tasvir eder. Bununla birlikte, bazı çağdaş kadın yazarlar, kadınlar pahasına erkeklere güç ve ses veren mit anlatılarını yapıbozuma uğratmaya çalıştılar. Amanda Elyot (Leslie Carroll’ın takma adı), The Memoirs of Helen of Troy (2005) adlı romanıyla Homer’ın destanını kadın karakter perspektifinden yeniden anlatmayı seçiyor. Bu doğrultuda makale Helen karakterinin kendisi ve diğer kadınlar hakkındaki klasik hikâyeyi nasıl inkâr ettiğini incelemektedir. Elyot’un kadın karakteri, ünlü destanın ve trajik hikâyesinin kendi versiyonunu sunuyor. Bunu, kızı Hermione’ye hitaben yazdığı anıları aracılığıyla yapar. Feminist edebi ve sosyal eleştirmenlerin eserlerine dayanan makale,
Elyot’un Helen’inin artık Homer’ın Helen’i olmadığını savunuyor. Aksine, bu yaratım, başlangıçta erkek merkezli bir metin içinde boyun eğdirilen kadınlara ses ve faillik veren kurgusal bir anlatıda gelişen yeni, güçlendirilmiş bir karakterdir.

References

  • Attwood, M. (2006). The penelopiad. Cannongate.
  • Beauvoir (de), S. (1956). The second sex (H. M. Parshley trans. and ed.) Jonathan Cape.
  • Cixous, H. (1976). The laugh of the Medusa (K. Cohen and P. Cohen.Trans.) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 1 (4), 93-875.
  • Doherty, L. E. (2003). Gender and the interpretation of classical myth. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Dorschel, F. B. (2011). Female identity: Rewritings of Greek and biblical myths by contemporary women writers. Middle East Technical University, [Unpublished Doctoral Thesis] https://citeseerx. ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.633.6414&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Elyot, A. (2005). The memoirs of Helen of Troy. Random House.
  • Farron, S. (1979). The portrayal of women in the Iliad. Acta Classica. (22), 15-31.
  • Fowler, R. (2006). This tart fable: Daphne and Apollo in modern women’s poetry. In Z. Zajko Vanda and M. Leonard, Laughing with Medusa: Classical myth and feminist thought. Oxford U P.
  • Frazer, Nancy. (1989). Introduction. Hypatia 3 (3).
  • Friesner, E. (2007). Nobody’s princess. Random House.
  • George, M. (2006). Helen of Troy. Viking/ Penguin.
  • Gilbert, M. S. and S. Gubar. (2000). The Madwoman in the attic: The woman writer and the nineteenthcentury literary imagination, 2nd ed. Yale U P.
  • Homer. (2005). The Iliad, (I. Johnston. Arlington, Trans.), VA: Richer Ressources Publications.
  • Hughes, B. (2006). Helen of Troy: Goddess, princess, Whore. Random House/Pimlico.
  • Irigaray, Luce. (1985). Speculum of the other woman (Gillian C. Hill, Trans.) Ithaca, NY: Cornell U P.
  • Lerner, G. (1986). The Creation of patriarchy. Oxford U P.
  • Lévi-Strauss, C. (1969). The elementary structures of kinship (J. Harle Bell and J. R. von Sturmer, Trans.) Rodney Needham, Ed) Beacon Press.
  • Rich, A. (1972). When we dead awaken: Writing as re-vision. College English. 34 (1),18-30.
  • Staley, G. (2006). Beyond glorious ocean: Feminism, myth, and America. In Zajko Zajko Vanda and Miriam Leonard, Laughing With Medusa: Classical Myth and Feminist Thought. Oxford U P.
  • Tyson, L. (2015). Critical theory today: A user friendly. 3rd Ed. Routledge.
  • Vanda, Z. (2007). Women and Greek myth. In R. D. Woodard, The Cambridge companion to Greek mythology. Cambridge U P.
  • Winmayil, B. (2020). Mythological (S)heroes in mythopoeic fictions. The International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis. 12 (1), 233-38.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Turkish Folklore, Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Article
Authors

Salim Kerboua This is me 0000-0002-6642-5453

Lamia Mechgoug This is me 0000-0001-5388-440X

Publication Date February 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 29 Issue: 113

Cite

APA Kerboua, S., & Mechgoug, L. (2023). I Am not Homer’s Helen: Myths Retold in Amanda Elyot’s The Memoirs of Helen of Troy. Folklor/Edebiyat, 29(113), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2338

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Field EdItors

Folklore:
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik
(Frankfurt University- birkalan-gedik@em.uni.frankfurt.de)
Prof. Dr. Arzu Öztürkmen
(Bosphorus University- ozturkme@boun.edu.tr)
Edebiyat-Literature
Prof. Dr. G. Gonca Gökalp Alpaslan (Hacettepe University - ggonca@
hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz
(President, Caucasus University Association- r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Antropoloji-Anthropology
Prof. Dr. Akile Gürsoy
(Beykent University - gursoyakile@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Serpil Aygün Cengiz
(Ankara University - serpilayguncengiz@gmail.com)
Dil-Dilbilim/Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Aysu Erden
(Maltepe University - aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. V. Doğan Günay
(Dokuz Eylul University- dogan.gunay@deu.edu.tr)