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Uncomfortable Seats: “Enactive Spectatorship” Explored through Sarah Kane’s Blasted

Year 2023, Volume: 29 Issue: 113, 299 - 312, 01.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2263

Abstract

Cognition occurs not only within the boundaries of the human brain but it also involves active participation of the physical body. Likewise, in theatre, the spectator does not cognise a play purely mentally but also bodily as the performance awakens certain bodily feelings and memories of the spectator and invites them to view the stageactively from a certain standpoint. Theatrical plays are staged to be viewed and to be enacted by their spectators, which constitutes the gist of “enactive spectatorship.” I examined Sarah Kane’s polemical play Blasted (1995) through the lens of “enactive spectatorship” and disclosed how the play affects the audience and how the audience develops an enactive and embodied understanding of its performance. In Blasted, theaudiences’ bodies in Britain or in any other land, are taken to the battlefield of the Bosnian War, where they experience the violence in war and no longer feel secure. The
representation of violence on the stage evokes the audience’s embodied experiences associated with violence, which is one of the basic reasons for the play causing a lot of controversy and uneasiness. The shocking scenes to the point of absurdity as well as the highly sensational effects affect the audience while the ambivalent positions the audience is expected to occupy prevent them from watching the play comfortably in their seats from a safe distance. Blasted, with its violent and shocking scenes, is a play that fairly shakes the audience; however, it is not the violence on stage that matters as much as what it does to the spectator in enactive, embodied, and affective terms.

References

  • Aston, E. (2010). Feeling the loss of feminism: Sarah Kane’s ‘Blasted’ and an experiential genealogy of contemporary women’s playwriting. Theatre Journal, 62(4), 575-591.
  • Bal, M. (2009). Narratology: Introduction to the theory of narrative. University of Toronto.
  • Bayley, C. (1995, January 23). A very angry young woman. Independent. 25 May 2022. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-very-angry-young-woman-1569281.html.
  • Biçer, A. G. (2011). Sarah Kane’s postdramatic strategies in Blasted, Cleansed and Crave. The Journal of International Social Research 4(17), 75-80.
  • Bleeker, M. (2008). Visuality in theatre: The locus of looking. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bleeker, M. (2019). What do performances do to spectators? Thinking through theatre and performance (M. Bleeker, A. Kear, J. Kelleher & H. Boms. Eds.). Methuen. 33-46.
  • Bleeker, M. (2020, November 19). Maaike Bleeker’s guest lecture [Online lecture]. Utrecht University, The thinking body.
  • Bleeker, M., & Germano, I. (2014). Perceiving and believing: An enactive approach to spectatorship. Theatre Journal 66(3), 363-383.
  • Cook, A. (2007). Interplay: The method and potential of a cognitive scientific approach to theatre. Theatre Journal 59(4), 579–594.
  • Gallese, V. (2006). Intentional attunement: A neurophysiological perspective on social cognition and its disruption in autism. Brain Research 1079(1), 15-24.
  • Gallese, V. (2011). Seeing art… beyond vision: Liberated embodied simulation in aesthetic experience. Seeing with the eyes closed (A. Abbushi, I. Franke & I. Mommenejad. Eds.) Symposium at the Guggenheim Collection. 62-65.
  • Kane, S. (1995). Blasted. Squarespace. 11 December 2021. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace. com/static/540b22a1e4b0d0f549866135/t/5a7b4e7ac8302558b8b2f48d/1518030463563/%20 Blasted+-+FULL+PLAY.pdf.
  • Kane, S. (2015, January 12). Sarah Kane: Why can’t theatre be as gripping as footie? The Guardian. 31 May 2022. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/jan/12/sarah-kane-theatrefootball-blasted.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2004). The world of perception (O. Davis, Trans) Routledge. (Original work published in 1948). Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. MIT.
  • Peters, M. (2016). ‘Utterly unknowable’: Challenges to overcoming madness in Sarah Kane’s Blasted, Crave, and 4.48 Psychosis [Unpublished master’s thesis] University of Ottawa.
  • Reynolds, D. (2012). Kinesthetic empathy and the dance’s body: From emotion to affect. Kinesthetic empathy in creative and cultural practices (D. Reynolds & M. Reason. Eds.) Intellect. 121-136.
  • Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2002). From mirror neurons to imitation: Facts and speculations. The imitative mind (A. N. Meltzoff & W. Prinz. Eds.) Cambridge University. 247-266.
  • Saunders, G. (2002). Love me or kill me: Sarah Kane and the theatre of extremes. Manchester University.
  • Sierz, A. (2001a). In-yer-face theatre: British drama today. Faber and Faber.
  • Sierz, A. (2001b). ‘The element that most outrages’: Morality, censorship and Sarah Kane’s Blasted. European Studies 17, 225-239.
  • Urban, K. (2001). An ethics of catastrophe: The theatre of Sarah Kane. PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 23(3), 36-46.
  • Ward, I. (2013). Rape and rape mythology in the plays of Sarah Kane. Comparative Drama 47(2). 225-248.

Rahatsız Koltuklar: Sarah Kane’in Havaya Uçuruldu (Blasted) Oyununda “Bedeni Etkin İzleyicilik”

Year 2023, Volume: 29 Issue: 113, 299 - 312, 01.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2263

Abstract

İdrak, yalnızca insan beyninin kısıtlı sınırları içerisinde gerçekleşmez çünkü o, fiziksel bedenin de aktif dahiliyetini gerektirir. Aynı şekilde, tiyatroda, seyirci sahnedeki
oyunu sadece zihniyle değil, bedeniyle de izler ve algılar çünkü performans, seyircinin belli bedensel duygularını ve bedensel anılarını uyandırır ve seyirciyi belli bir bakış açısından oyunu etkin bir şekilde izlemeye davet eder. Tiyatro oyunları,izlenilmesi ve seyircinin oyunu bedeniyle etkin bir biçimde canlandırması amacıyla
sahneye konulur ki bu “bedeni etkin izleyicilik” teriminin özünü oluşturmaktadır. Buçalışmada ben, Sarah Kane’nin tartışmalı Havaya Uçuruldu (Blasted) (1995) oyununu “bedeni etkin izleyicilik” yaklaşımına dayanarak inceledim ve oyunun izleyiciye nasıl tesir ettiğini, seyircinin sahnedeki oyuna yönelik sadece entellektüel değil, onu canladırır şekilde etkin bir izleyicilik ve bedensel bir idrak geliştirdiğini ortayaçıkardım. Havaya Uçuruldu (Blasted) sahnelenmesinde, seyircilerin Britanya’dakiveya herhangi bir ülkedeki bedenleri alınıp Bosna Savaşı meydanına taşınmakta
ve burada seyirciler savaş şiddetini deneyimleyip ülkelerindeki ve koltuklarındakigüven hissini kaybetmektedirler. Sahnede temsil edilen şiddet, şiddetle ilgili belli
bedensel duygu ve anıları uyandırmaktadır ki bu, oyunun yol açtığı tartışma ve rahatsızlıkları açıklamaktadır. Saçmalık derecesine varan ve şoke eden sahnelerin yanı
sıra ziyadesiyle duyulara hitap eden efektler seyirciye hayli tesir etmektedir. Ayrıca,sahnedeki performansın seyirciye benimsettiği ve edindirdiği tutum ve konumların
değişkenliği, seyircinin oyunu koltuklarında rahat bir şekilde ve güvenli bir uzaklıktaizlemesine izin vermemektedir. Havaya Uçuruldu (Blasted), şiddet içerikli ve şoke
edici sahneleriyle seyirciyi tam anlamıyla sarsan bir oyundur. Ancak sahnedeki şiddetten daha çok önem taşıyan husus, oyunun seyirciye ne yaptığıdır: performansın
etkisi altında seyircinin oyunu etkin biçimde canlandırmasıdır, sadece kafasıyla değil bedeninin dahiliyetiyle idrak etmesidir ve hatta bu idrak henüz zihne ulaşmadan oyunun bedende tesirli bir etki oluşturmasıdır.

References

  • Aston, E. (2010). Feeling the loss of feminism: Sarah Kane’s ‘Blasted’ and an experiential genealogy of contemporary women’s playwriting. Theatre Journal, 62(4), 575-591.
  • Bal, M. (2009). Narratology: Introduction to the theory of narrative. University of Toronto.
  • Bayley, C. (1995, January 23). A very angry young woman. Independent. 25 May 2022. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-very-angry-young-woman-1569281.html.
  • Biçer, A. G. (2011). Sarah Kane’s postdramatic strategies in Blasted, Cleansed and Crave. The Journal of International Social Research 4(17), 75-80.
  • Bleeker, M. (2008). Visuality in theatre: The locus of looking. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bleeker, M. (2019). What do performances do to spectators? Thinking through theatre and performance (M. Bleeker, A. Kear, J. Kelleher & H. Boms. Eds.). Methuen. 33-46.
  • Bleeker, M. (2020, November 19). Maaike Bleeker’s guest lecture [Online lecture]. Utrecht University, The thinking body.
  • Bleeker, M., & Germano, I. (2014). Perceiving and believing: An enactive approach to spectatorship. Theatre Journal 66(3), 363-383.
  • Cook, A. (2007). Interplay: The method and potential of a cognitive scientific approach to theatre. Theatre Journal 59(4), 579–594.
  • Gallese, V. (2006). Intentional attunement: A neurophysiological perspective on social cognition and its disruption in autism. Brain Research 1079(1), 15-24.
  • Gallese, V. (2011). Seeing art… beyond vision: Liberated embodied simulation in aesthetic experience. Seeing with the eyes closed (A. Abbushi, I. Franke & I. Mommenejad. Eds.) Symposium at the Guggenheim Collection. 62-65.
  • Kane, S. (1995). Blasted. Squarespace. 11 December 2021. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace. com/static/540b22a1e4b0d0f549866135/t/5a7b4e7ac8302558b8b2f48d/1518030463563/%20 Blasted+-+FULL+PLAY.pdf.
  • Kane, S. (2015, January 12). Sarah Kane: Why can’t theatre be as gripping as footie? The Guardian. 31 May 2022. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/jan/12/sarah-kane-theatrefootball-blasted.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2004). The world of perception (O. Davis, Trans) Routledge. (Original work published in 1948). Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. MIT.
  • Peters, M. (2016). ‘Utterly unknowable’: Challenges to overcoming madness in Sarah Kane’s Blasted, Crave, and 4.48 Psychosis [Unpublished master’s thesis] University of Ottawa.
  • Reynolds, D. (2012). Kinesthetic empathy and the dance’s body: From emotion to affect. Kinesthetic empathy in creative and cultural practices (D. Reynolds & M. Reason. Eds.) Intellect. 121-136.
  • Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2002). From mirror neurons to imitation: Facts and speculations. The imitative mind (A. N. Meltzoff & W. Prinz. Eds.) Cambridge University. 247-266.
  • Saunders, G. (2002). Love me or kill me: Sarah Kane and the theatre of extremes. Manchester University.
  • Sierz, A. (2001a). In-yer-face theatre: British drama today. Faber and Faber.
  • Sierz, A. (2001b). ‘The element that most outrages’: Morality, censorship and Sarah Kane’s Blasted. European Studies 17, 225-239.
  • Urban, K. (2001). An ethics of catastrophe: The theatre of Sarah Kane. PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 23(3), 36-46.
  • Ward, I. (2013). Rape and rape mythology in the plays of Sarah Kane. Comparative Drama 47(2). 225-248.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Turkish Folklore
Journal Section Article
Authors

Tuğba Ağkaş Özcan This is me 0000-0002-4585-0338

Publication Date February 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 29 Issue: 113

Cite

APA Ağkaş Özcan, T. (2023). Uncomfortable Seats: “Enactive Spectatorship” Explored through Sarah Kane’s Blasted. Folklor/Edebiyat, 29(113), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2263

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Field EdItors

Folklore:
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik
(Frankfurt University- birkalan-gedik@em.uni.frankfurt.de)
Prof. Dr. Arzu Öztürkmen
(Bosphorus University- ozturkme@boun.edu.tr)
Edebiyat-Literature
Prof. Dr. G. Gonca Gökalp Alpaslan (Hacettepe University - ggonca@
hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz
(President, Caucasus University Association- r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Antropoloji-Anthropology
Prof. Dr. Akile Gürsoy
(Beykent University - gursoyakile@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Serpil Aygün Cengiz
(Ankara University - serpilayguncengiz@gmail.com)
Dil-Dilbilim/Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Aysu Erden
(Maltepe University - aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. V. Doğan Günay
(Dokuz Eylul University- dogan.gunay@deu.edu.tr)