Research Article
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Characterisation through Linguistic (Im) politeness inA Doll’s House

Year 2024, Volume: 30 Issue: 117, 221 - 238, 05.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2504

Abstract

Pragmatic aspects of characterisation have currently been of great interest to
scholars. Characterisation is a process of introducing characters in a play to the
audience by the playwright. It is also an artful attempt to make the audience
indulge in the characters’ private or public life. Additionally, characterisation is
crucial for a playwright to construct his/her characters with unique and different
character traits with whom the audience can easily feel sympathy or empathy.
Everyday interactions and dramatic dialogues are full of character faces. Naturally,
everyone wants and desires to keep their faces unassailed for smooth interaction
and conversation. The paper examines the linguistic strategies of (im)politeness
in dramatic text, namely Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House (1879), according to
Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson’s Politeness Theory (PT) and Jonathan
Culpeper’s Impoliteness Strategies. This play has been chosen for our analysis
because A Doll’s House is one of the masterpieces of Ibsen, known for his social
realistic plays. Moreover, it is one of the renowned modern plays depicting strong
characterisation. The paper also focuses on analysing the dramatic interactions of
the major characters, Nora and Helmer, living in a patriarchy-driven society from
a linguistic and discourse-oriented perspective. It also demonstrates that Nora has
transformed from a subservient, meek and obedient character to a rebellious and
independent one, while Helmer Torvald has become a submissive, tolerant and
accepting character.

Ethical Statement

Research and Publication Ethics Statement: This is a research article, containing original data, and it has not been previously published or submitted to any other outlet for publication. The author followed ethical principles and rules during the research process. In the study, informed consent was obtained from the volunteer participants and the privacy of the participants was protected. Araştırma ve yayın etiği beyanı: Bu makale tamamıyla özgün bir araştırma olarak planlanmış, yürütülmüş ve sonuçları ile raporlaştırıldıktan sonra ilgili dergiye gönderilmiştir. Araştırma herhangi bir sempozyum, kongre vb. sunulmamış ya da başka bir dergiye değerlendirilmek üzere gönderilmemiştir. Contribution rates of authors to the article: The authors in this article contributed to the first author 100% level of preparation of the study, data collection, and interpretation of the results and writing of the article. Yazarların makaleye katkı oranları: Bu makaledeki yazarlar % 100 düzeyinde çalışmanın hazırlanması, veri toplanması, sonuçların yorumlanması ve makalenin yazılması aşamalarına katkı sağlamıştır. Ethics committee approval: The present study does not require any ethics committee approval. Etik komite onayı: Çalışmada etik kurul iznine gerek yoktur. Financial support: The study received no financial support from any institution or project. Finansal destek: Çalışmada finansal destek alınmamıştır. Conflict of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest. Çıkar çatışması: Çalışmada potansiyel çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.

References

  • Aristotle (1996). Poetics. Malcolm Heath (Trans.). Penguin.
  • Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bodden, W. (2017). Dialogue and characterization. Creative Paperbacks.
  • Burroway, J. (2000). Writing fiction. (5th.ed.). Longman Inc.
  • Cassady, M. (1984). Characters in action: A guide to playwriting. University Press of America.
  • Culpeper, J. (2005). Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The weakest link. Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behaviour, Culture, 1, 35-72.
  • Culpeper, J. (2014). Language and characterisation. Routledge.
  • Egri, L. (1960). The Art of dramatic writing. Simon & Schuster.
  • Dawson, S.W. (2018). Drama & the dramatic. Routledge.
  • Garton, C. (1957). Characterisation in Greek tragedy. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 77, 247-254. https://doi.org/10.2307/629364
  • Goffman, E. (1967). On face-work. An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. In E. Goffman (Ed.) Interaction ritual: essays in face-to-face behaviour (pp. 5-45). Doubleday.
  • Grebanier, B. (1961). Playwriting. Thomas Y. Crowel Company.
  • Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. (In P. Cole and J. L. Morgan, Eds.) Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts (pp. 41-58). Academic Press.
  • Ibsen, H. (1981). Henrik Ibsen four major plays. (J. McFarlane and J. Arup, Trans.) Oxford University Press.
  • McFarlane, J. (1989). Ibsen & meaning. Norvik Press.
  • Ørjasæter K. (2006). Mother, wife and role model, Ibsen Studies, 5(1),19-47. https://doi. org/10.1080/15021860510032835
  • Stott, A. (2014). Comedy. second edition. Routledge.
  • Şekerci, Ö. (2023). Culpeper’s impoliteness strategies in Neil Simon’s ‘Biloxi Blues’. Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture, 13, 125–141. https://doi.org/10.22364/ BJELLC.13.2023.09
  • Thomas, J. (2013). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. Routledge.

Dilbilimsel Nezaket/Kabalık Stratejileri Bağlamında Bir Bebek Evi’nde Karakter Nitelemesi

Year 2024, Volume: 30 Issue: 117, 221 - 238, 05.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2504

Abstract

Karakter nitelemenin edimbilimsel unsurları, günümüzde edebiyat
araştırmacılarının ilgisini büyük ölçüde çekmektedir. Karakter niteleme, oyun
yazarının bir oyundaki kişileri seyirciye tanıtma eylemidir. Oyun yazarı,
karakterlerin özel veya sosyal hayatlarının derinliklerine izleyicileri çekebilmek
için ustaca bir girişimde bulunur. Ayrıca oyun yazarının, izleyicinin kolayca
sempati duyabileceği veya duygudaşlık kurabileceği çeşitli ve kendine özgü
kişiliklere sahip karakterleri yaratmak gibi son derece önemli bir görevi de vardır.
Günlük konuşmalar ve dramatik diyaloglarda oldukça fazla karakter yüzü (face)
vardır. Doğal olarak, sorunsuz bir iletişim ve konuşmanın sağlanabilmesi için,
insanlar yüzlerine koşulların gerektirdiği gibi hitap edilmesini ister. Bu çalışma,
Henrik Ibsen’in Bir Bebek Evi (1879) oyununu Penelope Brown ve Stephen
Levinson’ın Nezaket Teorisi ile birlikte Jonathan Culpeper’in Kabalık Stratejileri
ışığında dilbilimsel bir açıdan incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bir Bebek Evi,
toplumsal gerçekçi oyunlarıyla tanınan Ibsen’in başyapıtlarından biridir. Bununla
birlikte, karakter nitelemesini güçlü bir biçimde yansıtan ünlü bir modern
oyundur. Ayrıca bu çalışma, ataerkil bir toplumda yaşayan baş karakterlerin,
diğer bir deyişle, Nora ve Helmer’in, birbirleriyle olan diyaloglarını dilbilimsel
ve söylem odaklı bir bakış açısıyla analiz etmektedir. Çalışma, ayrıca Nora’nın
itaatkar ve uysal bir karakterden nasıl asi ve bağımsız bir karaktere dönüştüğünü
ve Helmer Torvald’ın ise nasıl itaatkar, hoşgörülü ve kabullenici bir karaktere
dönüştüğünü ortaya koymuştur

References

  • Aristotle (1996). Poetics. Malcolm Heath (Trans.). Penguin.
  • Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bodden, W. (2017). Dialogue and characterization. Creative Paperbacks.
  • Burroway, J. (2000). Writing fiction. (5th.ed.). Longman Inc.
  • Cassady, M. (1984). Characters in action: A guide to playwriting. University Press of America.
  • Culpeper, J. (2005). Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The weakest link. Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behaviour, Culture, 1, 35-72.
  • Culpeper, J. (2014). Language and characterisation. Routledge.
  • Egri, L. (1960). The Art of dramatic writing. Simon & Schuster.
  • Dawson, S.W. (2018). Drama & the dramatic. Routledge.
  • Garton, C. (1957). Characterisation in Greek tragedy. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 77, 247-254. https://doi.org/10.2307/629364
  • Goffman, E. (1967). On face-work. An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. In E. Goffman (Ed.) Interaction ritual: essays in face-to-face behaviour (pp. 5-45). Doubleday.
  • Grebanier, B. (1961). Playwriting. Thomas Y. Crowel Company.
  • Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. (In P. Cole and J. L. Morgan, Eds.) Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts (pp. 41-58). Academic Press.
  • Ibsen, H. (1981). Henrik Ibsen four major plays. (J. McFarlane and J. Arup, Trans.) Oxford University Press.
  • McFarlane, J. (1989). Ibsen & meaning. Norvik Press.
  • Ørjasæter K. (2006). Mother, wife and role model, Ibsen Studies, 5(1),19-47. https://doi. org/10.1080/15021860510032835
  • Stott, A. (2014). Comedy. second edition. Routledge.
  • Şekerci, Ö. (2023). Culpeper’s impoliteness strategies in Neil Simon’s ‘Biloxi Blues’. Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture, 13, 125–141. https://doi.org/10.22364/ BJELLC.13.2023.09
  • Thomas, J. (2013). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. Routledge.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Turkish Folklore (Other)
Journal Section Article
Authors

Müjde Demiray 0000-0002-5370-0049

Ömer Şekerci 0000-0001-9074-3841

Publication Date February 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 30 Issue: 117

Cite

APA Demiray, M., & Şekerci, Ö. (2024). Characterisation through Linguistic (Im) politeness inA Doll’s House. Folklor/Edebiyat, 30(117), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2504

Journal website: https://folkloredebiyat.org
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Field EdItors

Folklore:
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik
(Frankfurt University- birkalan-gedik@em.uni.frankfurt.de)
Prof. Dr. Arzu Öztürkmen
(Bosphorus University- ozturkme@boun.edu.tr)
Edebiyat-Literature
Prof. Dr. G. Gonca Gökalp Alpaslan (Hacettepe University - ggonca@
hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz
(President, Caucasus University Association- r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Antropoloji-Anthropology
Prof. Dr. Akile Gürsoy
(Beykent University - gursoyakile@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Serpil Aygün Cengiz
(Ankara University - serpilayguncengiz@gmail.com)
Dil-Dilbilim/Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Aysu Erden
(Maltepe University - aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. V. Doğan Günay
(Dokuz Eylul University- dogan.gunay@deu.edu.tr)