Unutulan bir Göç ve Yurttaşlık Deneyimi: İlk Kuşak Göçmen Kadınlar ve Hollanda Türkiyeli Kadınlar Birliği

Abstract

Günümüzde “göçün kadınsılaşması” olgusunun kabulüne rağmen, ana akım göç araştırmalarında toplumsal cinsiyeti analitik bir kavram olarak kullanan ve göç alıcı ülke bağlamında göçmen kadınların deneyimlerine ışık tutan çalışmalar çok yaygın değildir. Özellikle misafir işçilik rejimlerinin geleneksel “aile birleşimi” temelli göç şemalarında kadınların göçü halen “ikincil” ve “bağımlı” göç olarak tanımlanmaya devam etmekte, göçmen kadınların iş piyasası, siyasal katılım ve yurttaşlık gibi konularda katkıları ihmal edilmektedir. Bu makalede kadınların özellikle topluluk hizmetlerinin örgütlenmesi ve yurttaşlık mücadelesi açısından oynadıkları rolleri 1974 yılında kurulan Hollanda Türkiyeli Kadınlar Birliği HTKB ve birliğin faaliyetlerine aktif olarak katılan kadınların deneyimleri üzerinden incelemeyi hedefliyorum. Çalışma, 2007-2008 yıllarında Hollanda’da gerçekleştirilen, eski HTKB’li kadınlarla yapılan derinlemesine görüşmeler ve HTKB arşivinden elde edilen verileri de içeren daha geniş bir nitel alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Makalenin giriş bölümünde göç ve toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkisi üzerinde duracağım. İkinci bölümde, Hollanda’da ilk kuşak Türkiye kökenli kadınların iş piyasası ve topluluk hizmetlerindeki deneyimlerine, bunu takip eden bölümde ise özel olarak HTKB deneyimine odaklanacağım. Bu deneyimlerden hareketle makale, son dönemlerde göçmen kökenli kadınları neoliberal bir yurttaşlık çerçevesinden bir “problem kategorisi” olarak inşa eden entegrasyon ve özgürleşim perspektifine yönelik eleştiriler ile son bulacaktır

Keywords

• Göç ve toplumsal cinsiyet
• misafir işçilik rejimleri
• Hollanda
• Türkiye kökenli göçmen kadınlar
• göçmen kadın örgütlenmeleri

A forgotten migration and citizenship experience: First generation immigrant women and The Netherlands Union of Women from Turkey

Abstract

A forgotten migration and citizenship experience: First generation immigrant women and The Netherlands Union of Women from Turkey Despite acknowledging the feminization of immigration there are a few studies giving immigrant and ethnic minority women greater visibility within receiving country context and using gender as an analytic concept in migration researches. Particularly, there is a tendency that women’s migration has still been acknowledged as “dependant” or “secondary” migratory movement in guest worker regimes’ traditional “family reunion” schemas and issues such as immigrant women’s participation in labour markets, politics and citizenship have been ignored. In this article, I aim to examine immigrant women’s role especially in community services and citizenship struggles focusing on Hollanda Türkiyeli Kadınlar Birliği The Netherlands Union of Women from Turkey founded in 1974 and participant women’s experiences. This study is based on a larger fieldwork conducted in 2007-2008 in the Netherlands including in-depth interviews with women who were previously active in HTKB and the data review from HTKB archives. In the introduction chapter, I review gender and migration relationship in literature. In the second chapter, I focus on first generations Turkish immigrant women’s experiences in labour market and community organization in Dutch context and following chapter specifically their experiences in HTKB. Finally, from the vantage point of immigrant women’s experiences, the article concludes with critics on current political frameworks in the Netherlands based on a neoliberal citizenship perspective that construct immigrant women as a “problem category”

Keywords

• Migration and gender
• guest worker regimes
• the Netherlands
• immigrant women from Turkey
• immigrant women organizations

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