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Hukuki ve Etik Açıdan Yapay Zekâyla Üretilmiş Pornografi

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 111 - 142, 01.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1644713

Abstract

Makalenin amacı, yapay zekâyla üretilmiş pornografiyi bir cinsel istismar biçimi olarak kavramlaştırmaktır. Yapay zekâyla üretilmiş pornografik içeriklerin hemen hepsi, söz konusu içerikte yer almaya rıza göstermeyen kadınları ve kız çocuklarını içermektedir. Yapay zekâyla üretilmiş pornografiden kadınlar ve kız çocukları orantısız ölçüde etkilendikleri için çalışmada pornografinin feminist eleştirisi benimsenecektir. Makalenin tezi, üretken yapay zekâyla etik bir biçimde pornografik içerik üretmenin olanaklı olmadığıdır. Çünkü üretken yapay zekâ modelleri, internetten rastgele taranan verilerle eğitilmektedir. Bu bağlamda yapay zekâyla üretilmiş pornografinin hukuki olarak düzenlenmesi zorunludur. Dahası belli bir kişinin yapay zekâyla pornosunu üretmek, müstehcenlik veya özel hayatın gizliliğini ihlal suçları kapsamında değil; cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı suçlar arasında düzenlenmelidir.

Ethical Statement

Bu makale, “1. Uluslararası & 3. Ulusal Çukurova Kadın Çalışmaları Kongresi”nde 20 Kasım 2024 tarihinde sunulan ve tam metni yayımlanmayan “A New Sexual Crime: AI-Generated Porn” başlıklı bildiriden geliştirilmiştir.

References

  • Aksoy Retornaz, Eylem. Bir Siber Taciz Biçimi: Cinsel İçerikli Görüntüleri Rızaya Aykırı Olarak İfşa Etme, Yayma, Erişilebilir Kılma veya Üretme Suçu (Revenge Porn ve Deep Fake) (Ankara: On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2021).
  • Bergmann, Dave ve Cole Stryker. “What are diffusion models?” IBM, 21 Ağustos 2024, https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/diffusion-models (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Bernstein, Danielle. “Could AI-Generated Porn Help Protect Children?” WIRED, 22 Ağustos 2023, https://www.wired.com/story/artificial-intelligence-csam-pedophilia/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Civitai, “Using Civitai – A Beginner’s Guide,” https://education.civitai.com/using-civitai-a-guide/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Cole, Samantha. “Deepfakes Were Created As a Way to Own Women’s Bodies—We Can’t Forget That,” VICE, 18 Haziran 2018, https://www.vice.com/en/article/deepfake-porn-origins-sexism-reddit-v25n2/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Cole, Samantha ve Emmanuel Maiberg. “AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material Is Not a ‘Victimless Crime’,” 404 Media, 28 Mayıs 2024, https://www.404media.co/ai-generated-child-sexual-abuse-material-is-not-a-victimless-crime/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Cox, Joseph. “Most Deepfakes Are Used for Creating Non-Consensual Porn, Not Fake News,” VICE, 7 Ekim 2019, https://www.vice.com/en/article/most-deepfakes-are-porn-harassment-not-fake-news/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Dworkin, Andrea. Pornography: Men Possessing Women (New York City: Plume, 1989).
  • Dworkin, Andrea ve Catharine A. MacKinnon. Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day for Women’s Equality (1988).
  • Ferguson, Ann. “Sex War: The Debate between Radical and Libertarian Feminists,” Signs 10, no. 1 (1984): 106-112.
  • Feuerriegel, Stefan et al. “Generative AI,” Business & Information Systems Engineering 66, no. 1 (2024): 111-126.
  • Freedom House. Freedom on the Net 2023: The Repressive Power of Artificial Intelligence. Yıllık rapor, 2023. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2023/repressive-power-artificial-intelligence (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Gaur, Loveleen, Saurav Mallik ve Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, “Introduction to DeepFake Technologies,” DeepFakes: Creation, Detection, and Impact ed. Loveleen Gaur (Florida: CRC Press, 2023): 1-8.
  • Henry, Nicola ve Asher Flynn. “Image-Based Sexual Abuse: A Feminist Criminological Approach,” The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance ed. Thomas J. Holt ve Adam M. Bossler (Cham: Plagrave Macmillan, 2020): 1109-1131.
  • Holt, Karen ve Roberta Liggett, “Revenge Pornography,” The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance ed. Thomas J. Holt ve Adam M. Bossler (Cham: Plagrave Macmillan, 2020): 1132-1149.
  • Internet Watch Foundation. How AI is being abused to create child sexual abuse imagery. 2023. https://www.iwf.org.uk/about-us/why-we-exist/our-research/how-ai-is-being-abused-to-create-child-sexual-abuse-imagery/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Internet Watch Foundation. What has changed in the AI-CSAM landscape? 2024. https://www.iwf.org.uk/about-us/why-we-exist/our-research/how-ai-is-being-abused-to-create-child-sexual-abuse-imagery/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Kalpokas, Ignas ve Julija Kalpokiene. Deepfakes: A Realistic Assessment of Potentials, Risks, and Policy Regulation (Cham: Springer, 2022).
  • Kang, Cecilia. “AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material May Overwhelm Tip Line,” The New York Times, 22 Nisan 2024, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/22/technology/ai-csam-cybertipline.html (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Kuçuradi, İoanna. “Ahlak ve Kavramları,” Uludağ Konuşmaları: Özgürlük, Ahlak ve Kültür Kavramları (Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu Yayınları, 2017): 23-42.
  • Lovelace, Linda ve Mike McGrady. Ordeal (New York: Berkeley Books, 1981).
  • Mackenzie, Jean ve Leehyun Choi. “Inside the deepfake porn crisis engulfing Korean schools,” BBC, 3 Eylül 2024, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpdlpj9zn9go (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. “Not a Moral Issue,” Yale Law & Policy Review 2, no. 2 (1984): 321-345.
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. Feminist Bir Devlet Kuramına Doğru, çev. Türkân Yöney ve Sabir Yücesoy (İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2020).
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. “Pornography as Defemation and Discrimination,” Boston University Law Review 71, no. 5 (1991): 793-818.
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. Only Words (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).
  • Maiberg, Emanuel. “404 Media Generative AI Market Analysis: People Love to Cum,” 404 Media, 19 Eylül 2023, https://www.404media.co/404-media-generative-ai-sector-analysis-people-love-to-cum/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Merrill, Jeremy B. ve Rachel Lerman. “What do people really ask chatbots? It’s a lot of sex and homework,” The Washington Post, 4 Ağustos 2024, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/08/04/chatgpt-use-real-ai-chatbot-conversations/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Milmo, Dan. “OpenAI considers allowing users to create AI-generated pornography,” The Guardian, 9 Mayıs 2024, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/may/09/openai-considers-allowing-users-to-create-ai-generated-pornography (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Murphy, Margi ve Bloomberg. “‘Nudify’ apps that use AI to undress women in photos are soaring in popularity,” Fortune, 8 Aralık 2023, https://fortune.com/2023/12/08/nudify-apps-use-ai-popularity-deepfakes/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Öhman, Carl. “Introducing the pervert’s dilemma: a contribution to the critique of Deepfake Pornography,” Ethics and Information Technology 22, no. 2 (2020): 133-140.
  • Rubin, Gayle. “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality,” Culture, Society and Sexuality ed. Richard Parker, Peter Aggleton (London: Routledge, 2007): 143-178.
  • Security Hero. “2023 State of Deepfakes: Realities, Threats, and Impact,” 2023, https://www.securityhero.io/state-of-deepfakes/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Taner, Fahri Gökçen. Türk Ceza Hukukunda Cinsel Özgürlüğe Karşı Suçlar (Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2023).
  • Tarrant, Shira. The Pornography Industry: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
  • Tenbarge, Ket. “Found through Google, bought with Visa and Mastercard: Inside the deepfake porn economy,” NBC News, 27 Mart 2023, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/deepfake-porn-ai-mr-deep-fake-economy-google-visa-mastercard-download-rcna75071 (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Thiel, David. “Identifying and Eliminating CSAM in Generative ML Training Data and Models,” Stanford Digital Repository, 23 Aralık 2023, https://purl.stanford.edu/kh752sm9123 (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Willis, Ellen. “Feminism, Moralism, and Pornography,” Living with Contradictions: Controversies in Feminist Social Ethics ed. Alison M. Jaggar (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994).
  • Willis, Ellen. “Lust Horizons: Is the Women’s Movement Pro-Sex?” No More Nice Girls: Countercultural Essays (London: University of Minnesota Press, 2012): 3-14.
  • Yavuz, Can. Cinsel İçerikli Görüntülerin Rıza Dışı Paylaşımı: İntikam Pornosu (Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2021). 고나린. “[단독] ‘○○○ 능욕방’ 딥페이크, 겹지인 노렸다…지역별·대학별·미성년까지,” 한겨레, 2 Eylül 2024, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/1154763.html (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).

AI-Generated Pornography from a Legal and Ethical Perspective

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 111 - 142, 01.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1644713

Abstract

This article aims to conceptualise AI-generated pornography as a type of sexual abuse. Since almost all AI-generated pornography targets women and girls who do not consent to be a part of the content, the feminist critique of pornography is adopted in this analysis. The thesis of this paper is that it is impossible to generate ethical pornographic content with generative AI because it depends on the data scraped from the Internet without consent. Therefore, AI-generated pornography should be regulated by law. Moreover, targeting a specific individual by creating AI-generated pornography of them should be criminalised as a sexual crime, not under obscenity or privacy laws.

References

  • Aksoy Retornaz, Eylem. Bir Siber Taciz Biçimi: Cinsel İçerikli Görüntüleri Rızaya Aykırı Olarak İfşa Etme, Yayma, Erişilebilir Kılma veya Üretme Suçu (Revenge Porn ve Deep Fake) (Ankara: On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2021).
  • Bergmann, Dave ve Cole Stryker. “What are diffusion models?” IBM, 21 Ağustos 2024, https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/diffusion-models (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Bernstein, Danielle. “Could AI-Generated Porn Help Protect Children?” WIRED, 22 Ağustos 2023, https://www.wired.com/story/artificial-intelligence-csam-pedophilia/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Civitai, “Using Civitai – A Beginner’s Guide,” https://education.civitai.com/using-civitai-a-guide/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Cole, Samantha. “Deepfakes Were Created As a Way to Own Women’s Bodies—We Can’t Forget That,” VICE, 18 Haziran 2018, https://www.vice.com/en/article/deepfake-porn-origins-sexism-reddit-v25n2/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Cole, Samantha ve Emmanuel Maiberg. “AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material Is Not a ‘Victimless Crime’,” 404 Media, 28 Mayıs 2024, https://www.404media.co/ai-generated-child-sexual-abuse-material-is-not-a-victimless-crime/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Cox, Joseph. “Most Deepfakes Are Used for Creating Non-Consensual Porn, Not Fake News,” VICE, 7 Ekim 2019, https://www.vice.com/en/article/most-deepfakes-are-porn-harassment-not-fake-news/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Dworkin, Andrea. Pornography: Men Possessing Women (New York City: Plume, 1989).
  • Dworkin, Andrea ve Catharine A. MacKinnon. Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day for Women’s Equality (1988).
  • Ferguson, Ann. “Sex War: The Debate between Radical and Libertarian Feminists,” Signs 10, no. 1 (1984): 106-112.
  • Feuerriegel, Stefan et al. “Generative AI,” Business & Information Systems Engineering 66, no. 1 (2024): 111-126.
  • Freedom House. Freedom on the Net 2023: The Repressive Power of Artificial Intelligence. Yıllık rapor, 2023. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2023/repressive-power-artificial-intelligence (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Gaur, Loveleen, Saurav Mallik ve Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, “Introduction to DeepFake Technologies,” DeepFakes: Creation, Detection, and Impact ed. Loveleen Gaur (Florida: CRC Press, 2023): 1-8.
  • Henry, Nicola ve Asher Flynn. “Image-Based Sexual Abuse: A Feminist Criminological Approach,” The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance ed. Thomas J. Holt ve Adam M. Bossler (Cham: Plagrave Macmillan, 2020): 1109-1131.
  • Holt, Karen ve Roberta Liggett, “Revenge Pornography,” The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance ed. Thomas J. Holt ve Adam M. Bossler (Cham: Plagrave Macmillan, 2020): 1132-1149.
  • Internet Watch Foundation. How AI is being abused to create child sexual abuse imagery. 2023. https://www.iwf.org.uk/about-us/why-we-exist/our-research/how-ai-is-being-abused-to-create-child-sexual-abuse-imagery/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Internet Watch Foundation. What has changed in the AI-CSAM landscape? 2024. https://www.iwf.org.uk/about-us/why-we-exist/our-research/how-ai-is-being-abused-to-create-child-sexual-abuse-imagery/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Kalpokas, Ignas ve Julija Kalpokiene. Deepfakes: A Realistic Assessment of Potentials, Risks, and Policy Regulation (Cham: Springer, 2022).
  • Kang, Cecilia. “AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material May Overwhelm Tip Line,” The New York Times, 22 Nisan 2024, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/22/technology/ai-csam-cybertipline.html (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Kuçuradi, İoanna. “Ahlak ve Kavramları,” Uludağ Konuşmaları: Özgürlük, Ahlak ve Kültür Kavramları (Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu Yayınları, 2017): 23-42.
  • Lovelace, Linda ve Mike McGrady. Ordeal (New York: Berkeley Books, 1981).
  • Mackenzie, Jean ve Leehyun Choi. “Inside the deepfake porn crisis engulfing Korean schools,” BBC, 3 Eylül 2024, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpdlpj9zn9go (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. “Not a Moral Issue,” Yale Law & Policy Review 2, no. 2 (1984): 321-345.
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. Feminist Bir Devlet Kuramına Doğru, çev. Türkân Yöney ve Sabir Yücesoy (İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2020).
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. “Pornography as Defemation and Discrimination,” Boston University Law Review 71, no. 5 (1991): 793-818.
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. Only Words (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).
  • Maiberg, Emanuel. “404 Media Generative AI Market Analysis: People Love to Cum,” 404 Media, 19 Eylül 2023, https://www.404media.co/404-media-generative-ai-sector-analysis-people-love-to-cum/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Merrill, Jeremy B. ve Rachel Lerman. “What do people really ask chatbots? It’s a lot of sex and homework,” The Washington Post, 4 Ağustos 2024, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/08/04/chatgpt-use-real-ai-chatbot-conversations/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Milmo, Dan. “OpenAI considers allowing users to create AI-generated pornography,” The Guardian, 9 Mayıs 2024, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/may/09/openai-considers-allowing-users-to-create-ai-generated-pornography (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Murphy, Margi ve Bloomberg. “‘Nudify’ apps that use AI to undress women in photos are soaring in popularity,” Fortune, 8 Aralık 2023, https://fortune.com/2023/12/08/nudify-apps-use-ai-popularity-deepfakes/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Öhman, Carl. “Introducing the pervert’s dilemma: a contribution to the critique of Deepfake Pornography,” Ethics and Information Technology 22, no. 2 (2020): 133-140.
  • Rubin, Gayle. “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality,” Culture, Society and Sexuality ed. Richard Parker, Peter Aggleton (London: Routledge, 2007): 143-178.
  • Security Hero. “2023 State of Deepfakes: Realities, Threats, and Impact,” 2023, https://www.securityhero.io/state-of-deepfakes/ (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Taner, Fahri Gökçen. Türk Ceza Hukukunda Cinsel Özgürlüğe Karşı Suçlar (Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2023).
  • Tarrant, Shira. The Pornography Industry: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
  • Tenbarge, Ket. “Found through Google, bought with Visa and Mastercard: Inside the deepfake porn economy,” NBC News, 27 Mart 2023, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/deepfake-porn-ai-mr-deep-fake-economy-google-visa-mastercard-download-rcna75071 (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Thiel, David. “Identifying and Eliminating CSAM in Generative ML Training Data and Models,” Stanford Digital Repository, 23 Aralık 2023, https://purl.stanford.edu/kh752sm9123 (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
  • Willis, Ellen. “Feminism, Moralism, and Pornography,” Living with Contradictions: Controversies in Feminist Social Ethics ed. Alison M. Jaggar (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994).
  • Willis, Ellen. “Lust Horizons: Is the Women’s Movement Pro-Sex?” No More Nice Girls: Countercultural Essays (London: University of Minnesota Press, 2012): 3-14.
  • Yavuz, Can. Cinsel İçerikli Görüntülerin Rıza Dışı Paylaşımı: İntikam Pornosu (Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2021). 고나린. “[단독] ‘○○○ 능욕방’ 딥페이크, 겹지인 노렸다…지역별·대학별·미성년까지,” 한겨레, 2 Eylül 2024, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/1154763.html (Son erişim tarihi 10.02.2025).
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Women's Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Beyza Nur Demir 0009-0005-3151-093X

Publication Date June 1, 2025
Submission Date February 21, 2025
Acceptance Date April 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Demir, Beyza Nur. “Hukuki Ve Etik Açıdan Yapay Zekâyla Üretilmiş Pornografi”. Fe Dergi 17, no. 1 (June 2025): 111-42. https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1644713.