Research Article
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Aesthetic Salvation in Nietzsche

Year 2021, Issue: 73, 267 - 293, 15.07.2021

Abstract

If to exist necessarily means to suffer, is it not the case that not to have been existed or to
stop existing is much more desirable than to exist? Nietzsche’s struggle to respond this
question in a negative way can be traced by starting from his notions of salvation of the
word (Welt-Erlösung) or of justification of existence (Rechtfertigung des Daseins) in his early
works, to the call of saying Yes to life or of affirmation of life (Bejahung des Lebens) in his
late years. This struggle is to justify that life and all the pain immanent to it is worth to
live, to defend existence against the nothingness. The aim of this study is to analyze how
Nietzsche uses aesthetic experience and aesthetic values to justify existence in The Birth
of Tragedy (Die Geburt der Tragödie). With this aim, an interpretation of this work from the
perspective of to the notion of aesthetic salvation is going to be presented. While in the
work the problem of the value of existence is encountered as the problem of feeling, the
only experience through which this feeling can arise will be given as aesthetic experience.
To comprehend the objective side of aesthetic experience, in other words, to comprehend
that which is experienced, we will have to examine the metaphysical theory which Nietzsche
calls artists-metaphysics (Artisten-Metaphysik).

References

  • • Aiskhülos. Zincire Vurulmuş Prometheus. Çev. Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Mitos Boyut Tiyatro Yayınları, 2009.
  • • Barthes, Ronald. The Responsibility of Forms. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
  • • Came, Daniel. “The Aesthetic Justification of Existence.” A Companion to Nietzsche, ed. Keith Ansell Pearson. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2006, 41-58.
  • • Came, Daniel. “The Socratic Justification of Existence: Nietzsche on Wissenschaft and Existential Meaning,” The Nietzschean Mind, ed. Paul Katsafanas. New York: Routledge, 2018, 415-428.
  • • Eksen, Kerem. “Nietzsche’de Karakterin Üslubu.” Kaygı, 19/2 (2020): 367-386.
  • • Euripides. Bakkhalar. Çev. Güngör Dilmen. İstanbul: Mitos Boyut Tiyatro Yayınları, 2012.
  • • Haar, Michel. Nietzsche and Metaphysics. Çev. ve ed. Michael Gendre. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • • Hammermeister, Kai. The German Aesthetic Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • • Han-Pile, Beatrice. “Nietzsche’s Metaphysics in the Birth of Tragedy,” European Journal of Philosophy, 14/3 (2006): 373-403.
  • • Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz, Greek Tragedy. Malden, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
  • • Nehamas, Alexander. Nietzsche: Life as Literature. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1985.
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich, Zur Genealogie der Moral. Eine Streitschrift. Leipzig: Verlag von C. G. Neumann, 1887. http://www.nietzschesource.org/
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Die fröhliche Wissenschaft. Leipzig: Verlag von E. W. Fritzsch, 1887. http://www.nietzschesource.org/
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Die Geburt der Tragödie. Oder: Griechenthum und Pessimismus. Neue Ausgabe mit dem Versuch einer Selbstkritik. Leipzig: Verlag von E. W. Fritzsch, 1878 [1872, 1874]. http://www.nietzschesource.org/
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Götzen-Dämmerung oder Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophiert. Leipzig: Verlag von C. G. Neumann, 1889. http://www.nietzschesource.org/ • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Putların Alacakaranlığı. Çev. Mustafa Tüzel. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2010.
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Will to Power. Çev. Walter Kaufmann ve R. J. Hollingdale. London, Edinburgh: T. N. Foulis, 1914.
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Tragedyanın Doğuşu. Çev. Mustafa Tüzel. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2010.
  • • Porter, James I. “Nietzsche and Tragedy.” A Companion to Tragedy, ed. Rebecca Bushnell. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2005, 68-88.
  • • Rampley, Matthew. Nietzsche Aesthetics and Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • • Ridley, Aaron. Nietzsche on Art. New York: Routledge, 2007.
  • • Sallis, John. Crossings: Nietzsche and Space of Tragedy. Chicago ve London: The University of Chicago Press, 1991.
  • • Schiller, Friedrich. Über die naive und sentimentalische Dichtung. Samtliche Werke, Band 1-5, 3. Ed. Michael Holzinger, Samtliche Werke, Band 1-5, 3. München: Hanser, 1962.
  • • Schlegel, August W. A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. Çev. John Black. London: Harrison and Sons, 1846.
  • • Schopenhauer, Arthur. İsteme ve Tasarım Olarak Dünya. Çev. Levent Özşar. İstanbul: Biblos, 2018.
  • • Sedgwick, Peter R. Nietzsche: Key Concepts. London ve New York: Routledge, 2009.
  • • Silk, M. S. ve Stern, J. P. Nietzsche on Tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
  • • Wiles, David. Greek Theatre Performance: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • • Wiles. David. “The Use of Masks in Modern Performances of Greek Drama.” Dionysus Since 69: Greek Tragedy at the Dawn of the Third Millennium. Ed. Edith Hall, Fiona Macintosh, ve Amanda Wrigley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, 245-64.
  • • Young, Julian. Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

NİETZSCHE’DE ESTETİK KURTULUŞ

Year 2021, Issue: 73, 267 - 293, 15.07.2021

Abstract

Eğer var olmak zorunlu olarak acıyı beraberinde getiriyorsa, hiç var olmamış olmak ya
da yok olmak daha arzulanası değil midir? Nietzsche’nin bu soruya olumsuz cevap verme
çabası ilk metinlerindeki dünyanın kurtuluşu (Welt-Erlösung) ya da varoluşun haklılandırılması
(Rechtfertigung des Daseins) düşüncesinden başlanarak son yıllarındaki yaşama
“evet” deme ya da yaşamı olumlama (Bejahung des Lebens) çağrısına değin takip edilebilir.
Bu çaba yaşamın ve yaşama içkin tüm acının yaşanmaya değer olduğunu gösterme, onu
hiçliğin karşısında haklı çıkarma çabasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Tragedyanın Doğuşu’nda
(Die Geburt der Tragödie) Nietzsche’nin varoluşu savunmak için estetik deneyimi ve estetik
değerleri nasıl kullandığını çözümlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda eserin estetik kurtuluş
kavramı üzerinden bir okuması sunulacaktır. Eserde varoluşun değeri meselesi bir
duygu meselesi olarak karşımıza çıkarken bu duyguyu yaşatacak olanın yalnızca estetik
deneyim olduğunu görürüz. Estetik deneyimin nesnel boyutunu, başka bir deyişle, neyin
deneyimlendiğini anlayabilmek için ise Nietzsche’nin sanatçılar-metafiziği (Artisten-Metaphysik)
olarak adlandırdığı metafizik kuramını incelememiz gerekecektir.

References

  • • Aiskhülos. Zincire Vurulmuş Prometheus. Çev. Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Mitos Boyut Tiyatro Yayınları, 2009.
  • • Barthes, Ronald. The Responsibility of Forms. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
  • • Came, Daniel. “The Aesthetic Justification of Existence.” A Companion to Nietzsche, ed. Keith Ansell Pearson. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2006, 41-58.
  • • Came, Daniel. “The Socratic Justification of Existence: Nietzsche on Wissenschaft and Existential Meaning,” The Nietzschean Mind, ed. Paul Katsafanas. New York: Routledge, 2018, 415-428.
  • • Eksen, Kerem. “Nietzsche’de Karakterin Üslubu.” Kaygı, 19/2 (2020): 367-386.
  • • Euripides. Bakkhalar. Çev. Güngör Dilmen. İstanbul: Mitos Boyut Tiyatro Yayınları, 2012.
  • • Haar, Michel. Nietzsche and Metaphysics. Çev. ve ed. Michael Gendre. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • • Hammermeister, Kai. The German Aesthetic Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • • Han-Pile, Beatrice. “Nietzsche’s Metaphysics in the Birth of Tragedy,” European Journal of Philosophy, 14/3 (2006): 373-403.
  • • Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz, Greek Tragedy. Malden, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
  • • Nehamas, Alexander. Nietzsche: Life as Literature. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1985.
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich, Zur Genealogie der Moral. Eine Streitschrift. Leipzig: Verlag von C. G. Neumann, 1887. http://www.nietzschesource.org/
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Die fröhliche Wissenschaft. Leipzig: Verlag von E. W. Fritzsch, 1887. http://www.nietzschesource.org/
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Die Geburt der Tragödie. Oder: Griechenthum und Pessimismus. Neue Ausgabe mit dem Versuch einer Selbstkritik. Leipzig: Verlag von E. W. Fritzsch, 1878 [1872, 1874]. http://www.nietzschesource.org/
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Götzen-Dämmerung oder Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophiert. Leipzig: Verlag von C. G. Neumann, 1889. http://www.nietzschesource.org/ • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Putların Alacakaranlığı. Çev. Mustafa Tüzel. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2010.
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Will to Power. Çev. Walter Kaufmann ve R. J. Hollingdale. London, Edinburgh: T. N. Foulis, 1914.
  • • Nietzsche, Friedrich. Tragedyanın Doğuşu. Çev. Mustafa Tüzel. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2010.
  • • Porter, James I. “Nietzsche and Tragedy.” A Companion to Tragedy, ed. Rebecca Bushnell. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2005, 68-88.
  • • Rampley, Matthew. Nietzsche Aesthetics and Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • • Ridley, Aaron. Nietzsche on Art. New York: Routledge, 2007.
  • • Sallis, John. Crossings: Nietzsche and Space of Tragedy. Chicago ve London: The University of Chicago Press, 1991.
  • • Schiller, Friedrich. Über die naive und sentimentalische Dichtung. Samtliche Werke, Band 1-5, 3. Ed. Michael Holzinger, Samtliche Werke, Band 1-5, 3. München: Hanser, 1962.
  • • Schlegel, August W. A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. Çev. John Black. London: Harrison and Sons, 1846.
  • • Schopenhauer, Arthur. İsteme ve Tasarım Olarak Dünya. Çev. Levent Özşar. İstanbul: Biblos, 2018.
  • • Sedgwick, Peter R. Nietzsche: Key Concepts. London ve New York: Routledge, 2009.
  • • Silk, M. S. ve Stern, J. P. Nietzsche on Tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
  • • Wiles, David. Greek Theatre Performance: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • • Wiles. David. “The Use of Masks in Modern Performances of Greek Drama.” Dionysus Since 69: Greek Tragedy at the Dawn of the Third Millennium. Ed. Edith Hall, Fiona Macintosh, ve Amanda Wrigley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, 245-64.
  • • Young, Julian. Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nil Avcı This is me

Publication Date July 15, 2021
Submission Date March 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 73

Cite

APA Avcı, N. (2021). NİETZSCHE’DE ESTETİK KURTULUŞ. Felsefe Dünyası, 1(73), 267-293.