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GETTIER SONRASI EPİSTEMOLOJİYE ELEŞTİREL BİR KATKI: İNANCIN REFLEKSİF NİTELİĞİ

Year 2023, Issue: 78, 77 - 97, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1255983

Abstract

Bu makalede inançların öznel ve özneler arası temellerini ele alan bir felsefî analiz sunulmaktadır. Analitik felsefede inanç-bilgi ilişkisini kesinlik ideali üzerinden açıklama girişimi eleştirilmekte ve inancın ilişkisel doğasını temel alan skeptik bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir. Güncel literatürde genellikle bir öznenin belirli bir önermeye inanması veya bu önermeyi bilmesinin anlamı üzerinde durulmaktadır. İnancın öznel gerçekliğini anlamak bakımından önermesel tutumların önemi kabul edilmelidir, ancak inanmak ve bilmek arasında, gönderimde bulunan özneye bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan değişkenlik de göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu bağlamda, makalede Gettier sonrası epistemolojide inancın bilginin bir ön koşuluna indirgenmesi eleştirilmektedir. Alternatif olarak inancın özneler arası dinamikleri irdelenerek inancın refleksif bir doğası olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. İnançların refleksif olması, aynı zamanda kesinlik idealinin yerine kesinliğe yakınsama ilkesinin koyulması ve inançların süreçsel gerçekliğinin kabul edilmesi gerektiği anlamına gelmektedir.

References

  • Descartes, René. Meditasyonlar. Çev. İsmet Birkan. Ankara: BilgeSu Yayıncılık, 2007.
  • Foley, Richard. “The Epistemology of Belief and the Epistemology of Degrees of Belief”. American Philosophical Quarterly 29, no 2 (1992): 111–24.
  • Gettier, Edmund L. “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” Analysis 23, no 6 (1963): 121–23.
  • Harman, Gilbert. Change in View: Principles of Reasoning. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1986.
  • Harman, Gilbert H. Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.
  • Jenkins, Michael. “The Origin of the ‘Gettier’ Problem: Socrates and the Theaetetus”. Logos and Episteme 2, no 1 (2011): 51–66.
  • Moore, George Edward. “Moore’s Paradox”. G. E. Moore: Selected Writings içinde, ed. Thomas Baldwin, 207–12. New York: Routledge, 2013.
  • Moran, Richard. Authority and Estrangement: An Essay on Self-knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.
  • Neta, Ram. “S Knows That P”. Noûs 36, no 4 (2002): 663–81.
  • Schwitzgebel, Eric. “Belief”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy içinde, ed.
  • Edward N. Zalta, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/. Erişim Tarihi: 15.2.2023
  • Sosa, Ernest. “Reflective Knowledge In the Best Circles”. The Journal of Philosophy 94, no 8 (1997): 410–30.
  • Sosa, Ernest, “Beyond Internal Foundations to External Virtues”. Epistemic Justification: Internalism vs. Externalism, Foundations vs. Virtues içinde, editörler Laurence BonJour ve Ernest Sosa, 97-170. Malden: Blackwell, 2003.
  • Sosa, Ernest. “The Metaphysical Gettier Problem and the X-Phi Critique”. Explaining Knowledge: New Essays on the Gettier Problem içinde, editörler Rodrigo Borges, Claudo de Almeida ve Peter D. Klein, 231–41. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • Sperber, Dan. “Intuitive and Reflective Beliefs”. Mind & Language 12, no 1 (1997): 67–83.
  • Starmans, Christina ve Ori Friedman. “The Folk Conception of Knowledge”. Cognition 124, no 3 (2012): 272–83.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Felsefi Soruşturmalar. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2014.

A Critical Contribution to Post-Gettier Epistemology: The Reflexive Nature Of Beliefs

Year 2023, Issue: 78, 77 - 97, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1255983

Abstract

In this paper, a philosophical analysis that addresses the subjective and intersubjective bases of beliefs is carried out. The attempt in analytical philosophy to explain the belief-knowledge relationship based on the ideal of certainty is criticized and a sceptical approach that focuses on the relational nature of beliefs is proposed. Current studies usually focus on the meaning of a subject’s believing or knowing a certain proposition. Despite the significance of propositional attitudes for understanding the subjective basis of beliefs, the interchangeability of believing and knowing depending on the referring subject should not be ignored, either. In this context, the paper criticizes reducing beliefs to a precondition of knowledge in post-Gettier epistemology. Alternatively, intersubjective dynamics of beliefs are investigated by asserting that beliefs have a reflexive nature. This also means that the ideal of certainty should be replaced by a principle of approximation to certainty and that we should acknowledge the processual nature of beliefs.

References

  • Descartes, René. Meditasyonlar. Çev. İsmet Birkan. Ankara: BilgeSu Yayıncılık, 2007.
  • Foley, Richard. “The Epistemology of Belief and the Epistemology of Degrees of Belief”. American Philosophical Quarterly 29, no 2 (1992): 111–24.
  • Gettier, Edmund L. “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” Analysis 23, no 6 (1963): 121–23.
  • Harman, Gilbert. Change in View: Principles of Reasoning. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1986.
  • Harman, Gilbert H. Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.
  • Jenkins, Michael. “The Origin of the ‘Gettier’ Problem: Socrates and the Theaetetus”. Logos and Episteme 2, no 1 (2011): 51–66.
  • Moore, George Edward. “Moore’s Paradox”. G. E. Moore: Selected Writings içinde, ed. Thomas Baldwin, 207–12. New York: Routledge, 2013.
  • Moran, Richard. Authority and Estrangement: An Essay on Self-knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.
  • Neta, Ram. “S Knows That P”. Noûs 36, no 4 (2002): 663–81.
  • Schwitzgebel, Eric. “Belief”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy içinde, ed.
  • Edward N. Zalta, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/. Erişim Tarihi: 15.2.2023
  • Sosa, Ernest. “Reflective Knowledge In the Best Circles”. The Journal of Philosophy 94, no 8 (1997): 410–30.
  • Sosa, Ernest, “Beyond Internal Foundations to External Virtues”. Epistemic Justification: Internalism vs. Externalism, Foundations vs. Virtues içinde, editörler Laurence BonJour ve Ernest Sosa, 97-170. Malden: Blackwell, 2003.
  • Sosa, Ernest. “The Metaphysical Gettier Problem and the X-Phi Critique”. Explaining Knowledge: New Essays on the Gettier Problem içinde, editörler Rodrigo Borges, Claudo de Almeida ve Peter D. Klein, 231–41. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • Sperber, Dan. “Intuitive and Reflective Beliefs”. Mind & Language 12, no 1 (1997): 67–83.
  • Starmans, Christina ve Ori Friedman. “The Folk Conception of Knowledge”. Cognition 124, no 3 (2012): 272–83.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Felsefi Soruşturmalar. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2014.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Çağlar Karaca 0000-0002-4059-6916

Publication Date December 15, 2023
Submission Date February 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 78

Cite

APA Karaca, Ç. (2023). GETTIER SONRASI EPİSTEMOLOJİYE ELEŞTİREL BİR KATKI: İNANCIN REFLEKSİF NİTELİĞİ. Felsefe Dünyası(78), 77-97. https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1255983