Theoretical Article
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Dichotomy or Continuum: Grice's Distinction between Natural and Nonnatural Meaning

Year 2024, Issue: 80, 4 - 19, 15.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1555865

Abstract

Grice (1957), in his theory of meaning, introduced a distinction between two different types of meaning: nonnatural meaning and natural meaning. Grice’s distinction has been put to use in other areas of philosophy as well. Most famously, Dretske (1981, 1986) used Grice’s distinction in his naturalized epistemology. Scarantino and Piccinini (2010) offered a probabilistic alternative for semantic theories of information based on Grice's distinction. In both Dretske’s and Scarantino and Piccinini’s works, Grice’s distinction is assumed to form a dichotomy. This dichotomous nature, I claim, is at the root of some of the problems that afflict Dretske’s information-based naturalized epistemology and Scarantino and Piccinini’s probabilistic approach to information. In this paper, I suggest a revised version of Grice's distinction. In this revised version, instead of a dichotomy, natural and nonnatural meaning categories form a continuity, allowing overlapping and mixed intermediary categories between natural and nonnatural meaning. This continuous version, I further claim, provides more resources for avoiding some of the problems that afflict Dretske’s naturalized epistemology and Scarantino and Piccinini’s probabilistic approach to information.

References

  • Cummins, R. (1991). Meaning and mental representation . MIT Press.
  • Denkel, A. (1995). Reality and meaning . Boğazici University Publications.
  • Dretske, F. (1981). Knowledge and the flow of i nformation . MIT Press.
  • Dretske, F. (1986). Misrepresentation. Radu Bogdan (Ed.) Belief: Form, content, and function. Oxford University Press. 17-36.
  • Dretske, F. (1988). Explaining behavior . MIT Press.
  • Floridi, L. (2005). Is semantic information meaningful data?. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 70 , 351-70.
  • Floridi, L. (2007). In defence of the veridical nature of semantic information. European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, 3, 31-42.
  • Fodor, Jerry A. (1992). A theory of content and other essays. MIT Press.
  • Fodor, Jerry A. (1994). Fodor’s Guide to Mental Representation. Stephen P. Stich ve Ted A. Warfield (Ed.). Mental representation: A reader. Wiley-Blackwell, 9-34.
  • Grice, P. (1957). Meaning. Philosophical Review, 66, 377-88.
  • Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.
  • Hardcastle, Valerie G. (1994). Indicator semantics and Dretske’s function. Philosophical Psychology, 7, 367-382.
  • Scarantino, A. ve Gualtiero, P. (2010). Information without truth. Metaphilosophy, 41, 313-30.
  • Slater, C. (1994). Discrimination without indication: Why Dretske can’t learn on learning. Mind and Language, 9, 163-80.

Dichotomy or Continuum: Grice's Distinction Between Natural and Nonnatural Meaning

Year 2024, Issue: 80, 4 - 19, 15.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1555865

Abstract

Grice (1957), anlam teorisinde iki farklı anlam türü arasında bir ayrım ortaya koymuştur: doğal olmayan anlam ve doğal anlam. Grice’ın ayrımı felsefenin diğer alanlarında da kullanılmıştır. En ünlüsü, Dretske (1981, 1986) Grice’ın ayrımını doğallaştırılmış epistemolojisinde kullanmıştır. Scarantino ve Piccinini (2010), Grice’ın ayrımına dayalı olarak bilginin semantik teorileri için olasılıkçı bir alternatif sunmuştur. Hem Dretske’nin hem de Scarantino ve Piccinini’nin çalışmalarında, Grice’ın ayrımının bir ikilik oluşturduğu varsayılır. Bu ikilikli doğanın, Dretske’nin bilgiye dayalı doğallaştırılmış epistemolojisini ve Scarantino ve Piccinini’nin bilgiye olasılıkçı yaklaşımını etkileyen bazı sorunların kökeninde olduğunu iddia ediyorum. Bu makalede, Grice’ın ayrımının gözden geçirilmiş bir versiyonunu öneriyorum. Bu revize edilmiş versiyonda, bir ikilik yerine, doğal ve doğal olmayan anlam kategorileri bir süreklilik oluşturur ve doğal ve doğal olmayan anlam arasında örtüşen ve karışık ara kategorilere izin verir. Bu sürekli versiyonun, Dretske’nin doğallaştırılmış epistemolojisini ve Scarantino ve Piccinini’nin bilgiye olasılıkçı yaklaşımını etkileyen bazı sorunlardan kaçınmak için daha fazla kaynak sağladığını da iddia ediyorum.

References

  • Cummins, R. (1991). Meaning and mental representation . MIT Press.
  • Denkel, A. (1995). Reality and meaning . Boğazici University Publications.
  • Dretske, F. (1981). Knowledge and the flow of i nformation . MIT Press.
  • Dretske, F. (1986). Misrepresentation. Radu Bogdan (Ed.) Belief: Form, content, and function. Oxford University Press. 17-36.
  • Dretske, F. (1988). Explaining behavior . MIT Press.
  • Floridi, L. (2005). Is semantic information meaningful data?. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 70 , 351-70.
  • Floridi, L. (2007). In defence of the veridical nature of semantic information. European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, 3, 31-42.
  • Fodor, Jerry A. (1992). A theory of content and other essays. MIT Press.
  • Fodor, Jerry A. (1994). Fodor’s Guide to Mental Representation. Stephen P. Stich ve Ted A. Warfield (Ed.). Mental representation: A reader. Wiley-Blackwell, 9-34.
  • Grice, P. (1957). Meaning. Philosophical Review, 66, 377-88.
  • Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.
  • Hardcastle, Valerie G. (1994). Indicator semantics and Dretske’s function. Philosophical Psychology, 7, 367-382.
  • Scarantino, A. ve Gualtiero, P. (2010). Information without truth. Metaphilosophy, 41, 313-30.
  • Slater, C. (1994). Discrimination without indication: Why Dretske can’t learn on learning. Mind and Language, 9, 163-80.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Contemporary Philosophy
Journal Section THEORETICAL ARTICLE
Authors

Mehmet Hilmi Demir 0000-0002-7351-6206

Publication Date December 15, 2024
Submission Date September 25, 2024
Acceptance Date November 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 80

Cite

APA Demir, M. H. (2024). Dichotomy or Continuum: Grice’s Distinction between Natural and Nonnatural Meaning. Felsefe Dünyası(80), 4-19. https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1555865