TÜRKİYE PERAKENDE SEKTÖRÜ VE SEKTÖRÜN ÖNDE GELEN BAZI FİRMA FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ DEMATEL VE MOORA BÜTÜNLEŞİK YAKLAŞIMI İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2023, , 48 - 74, 31.03.2023

Hasan Kazak

https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.1186716

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Bu çalışmada perakende sektörünün Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren önemli temsilcileri ve perakende sektörünün genel konumu üzerinden oran analizine dayalı finansal performansları değerlendirilerek sektörün gelişimine ve literatüre katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için dört sektör temsilcisi ve perakende sektörü verileri Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri'nden DEMATEL ve MOORA yönteminin birlikte kullanıldığı bir yöntemle analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda analize konu edilen marketler finansal performansları açısından sıralamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan sıralama sonucunda analize konu edilen perakendeciler içerisinde finansal performansı en yüksek olan perakendecinin BİM marketler zinciri olduğu görülmüştür. İlgili marketlerin ve sektörün genel durumunun karşılaştırılması ilgili marketler özelinde ve perakende sektörü açısından önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Ortaya konulan verilerin ve sonuçların daha sonraki yıllarda ve aynı/farklı yöntemlerle yapılacak analizlerle geliştirilerek sektörün gelişimine ve literatüre katkının artacağı beklenmektedir.

Keywords

Perakende, Süpermarket, Finansal performans, DEMATEL, MOORA, Çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV).

THE EVALUATION OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES OF THE TURKIYE RETAIL SECTOR AND SOME OF THE LEADING COMPANIES WITH DEMATEL AND MOORA INTEGRATED APPROACH

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the development of the sector and the literature by evaluating the important representatives of the retail sector operating in Turkiye and the financial performances based on ratio analysis over the general position of the retail sector. For this, the data of four sector representatives and the retail sector were analyzed with a method in which DEMATEL and MOORA methods from Multi Criteria Decision-Making Methods were used together. As a result of the evaluations, the markets subject to the analysis were ranked in terms of their financial performance. As a result of the ranking, it was seen that the retailer with the highest financial performance among the retailers analyzed was the BİM supermarket chain. Comparison of the general situation of the relevant markets and the sector provides important data for the relevant markets and for the retail sector. It is expected that the data and results will be developed in the following years and with the same / different methods and the contribution to the development of the sector and the literature will increase.

Keywords

Retail, Supermarket, Financial performance, DEMATEL, MOORA, Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM)

References

• A101. (2022). A101 Yeni Mağazacılık A.Ş. A101 Hakkımızda. 3 Eylül 2022 tarihinde https://www.a101.com.tr/hakkimizda adresinden erişildi.
• Abhang, L. B., Iqbal, M. ve Hameedullah, M. (2020). Optimization of machining process parameters using moora method. Defect and Diffusion Forum içinde (C. 402, ss. 81-89). Trans Tech Publ.
• Agarwal, S., Chakraborty, S. ve Chakraborty, S. (2020). A DEMATEL-MABAC-based approach for grading and evaluation of jute fibers. Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 24(4), 341-355.
• Alinezhad, A. ve Khalili, J. (2019). New Methods and Applications in Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM). Qazvin, Iran: Springer International Publishing.
• Altuntas, S. ve Yilmaz, M. K. (2016). Fuzzy DEMATEL method to evaluate the dimensions of marketing resources: An application in SMEs. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 17(3), 347-364.
• Attri, R. ve Grover, S. (2014). Decision making over the production system life cycle: MOORA method. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 5(3), 320-328.
• Aytaç Adalı, E. ve Tuş Işık, A. (2017). The multi-objective decision making methods based on MULTIMOORA and MOOSRA for the laptop selection problem. Journal of Industrial Engineering International, 13(2), 229-237.
• Bakhshi, M., Yaghoobnezhad, A. ve Nikoo Maram, H. (2021). Developing a hybrid approach to credit priority based on accounting variables (using analytical network process (ANP) and multi-criteria decision-making). International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 12(Special Issue), 15-28.
• BİM. (2022). BİM Birleşik Mağazalar A.Ş. BİM Hakkımızda. 3 Eylül 2022 tarihinde https://www.bim.com.tr/Categories/108/hakkimizda.aspx adresinden erişildi.
• Boubakri, N., Mirzaei, A. ve Samet, A. (2017). National culture and bank performance: Evidence from the recent financial crisis. Journal of Financial Stability, 29, 36-56.
• Bölükbaş, U., Çelik, E. ve Güneri, A. F. (2017). Research Article Fuzzy Based Approaches For Multi Period Financial Performance Evaluation of Turkish Retail Sector. TAMAP Journal of Engineering, (1), 1-14.
• Brauers, Willem K. (2004). How to Optimize in A Stakeholder Society? Optimization Methods for a Stakeholder Society içinde (ss. 147-148). Springer.
• Brauers, Willem K. ve Zavadskas, E. K. (2009). Robustness of the multi‐objective MOORA method with a test for the facilities sector. Technological and economic development of economy, 15(2), 352-375.
• Brauers, Willem Karel ve Zavadskas, E. K. (2006). The MOORA method and its application to privatization in a transition economy. Control and cybernetics, 35(2), 445-469.
• Chakraborty, S. (2011). Applications of the MOORA method for decision making in manufacturing environment. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 54(9), 1155-1166.
• Chakraborty, S., Chatterjee, P. ve Prasad, K. (2018). An integrated DEMATEL–VIKOR method-based approach for cotton fibre selection and evaluation. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series E, 99(1), 63-73.
• Chand, M., Bhatia, N. ve Singh, R. K. (2018). ANP-MOORA-based approach for the analysis of selected issues of green supply chain management. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(2), 642-659.
• Chang, B., Chang, C.-W. ve Wu, C.-H. (2011). Fuzzy DEMATEL method for developing supplier selection criteria. Expert systems with Applications, 38(3), 1850-1858.
• Chen, Y.-C., Lien, H.-P. ve Tzeng, G.-H. (2010). Measures and evaluation for environment watershed plans using a novel hybrid MCDM model. Expert systems with applications, 37(2), 926-938.
• Çanakçıoğlu, M. (2019). Dematel ve Moora Bütünleşik Yaklaşımı İle Bist Metal Eşya, Makine Endeks’ indeki İşletmelerin Finansal Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi (Journal Of Business Research-Turk), 11(4), 2425-2441.
• Dalalah, D., Hayajneh, M. ve Batieha, F. (2011). A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model for supplier selection. Expert systems with applications, 38(7), 8384-8391.
• Das, P. P. ve Chakraborty, S. (2020). Parametric analysis of a green electrical discharge machining process using DEMATEL and SIR methods. Opsearch, 57(2), 513-540.
• Deloitte. (2022). Global Powers of Retailing 2022 (Resilience despite challenges) (Research Report). Londra, UK: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Consumer-Business/gx-global-powers-of-retailing-2022.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Dey, S., Kumar, A., Ray, A. ve Pradhan, B. B. (2012). Supplier selection: İntegrated theory using DEMATEL and quality function deployment methodology. Procedia Engineering, 38, 3560-3565.
• Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S. ve Martínez, L. (2019). Interval type 2-based hybrid fuzzy evaluation of financial services in E7 economies with DEMATEL-ANP and MOORA methods. Applied Soft Computing, 79, 186-202.
• Ding, X.-F. ve Liu, H.-C. (2018). A 2-dimension uncertain linguistic DEMATEL method for identifying critical success factors in emergency management. Applied Soft Computing, 71, 386-395.
• Dwivedi, S. K. ve Dwivedi, A. (2018). Application of MOORA and WSM method for supplier selection in manufacturing. International Journal for Advance Research and Development, 3(7), 114-117.
• Ertuğrul, İ. ve Karakaşoğlu, N. (2009). Performance evaluation of Turkish cement firms with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(1), 702-715.
• Ertuğrul, İ. ve Özçil, A. (2016). The Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Topsis and Fuzzy Dematel Methods Into Insurance Companies. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 175-200.
• Fazli, S. ve Jafari, H. (2002). Developing a hybrid multi-criteria model for investment in stock exchange. Management Science Letters, 2(2), 457-468.
• Feng, C. ve Ma, R. (2020). Identification of the factors that influence service innovation in manufacturing enterprises by using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Journal of Cleaner Production, (253), 1-12.
• Fontela, E. ve Gabus, A. (1974). DEMATEL, innovative methods (Structural analysis of the world problematique No: 2). Battelle Geneva Research Institute.
• Fontela, E. ve Gabus, A. (1976). The DEMATEL observer. Geneva Research Center: Battelle Institute.
• Gadakh, V. S., Shinde, V. B. ve Khemnar, N. S. (2013). Optimization of welding process parameters using MOORA method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 69(9), 2031-2039.
• Gadakh, Vijay S. (2010). Application of MOORA method for parametric optimization of milling process. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 1(4), 743.
• Goodarzi, A. ve Dokht, H. N. (2015). Measuring the Relative Importance of Financial Ratios: An Integrated Approach of Fuzzy DEMATEL and Fuzzy ANP. International Business and Management, 11(3), 81-95.
• Govindan, K. ve Chaudhuri, A. (2016). Interrelationships of risks faced by third party logistics service providers: A DEMATEL based approach. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 90, 177-195.
• Govindan, K., Khodaverdi, R. ve Vafadarnikjoo, A. (2016). A grey DEMATEL approach to develop third-party logistics provider selection criteria. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
• Görçün, Ö. F., Zolfani, S. H. ve Çanakçıoğlu, M. (2022). Analysis of efficiency and performance of global retail supply chains using integrated fuzzy SWARA and fuzzy EATWOS methods. Operations Management Research, 1-25.
• İç, Y. T., Çelik, B., Kavak, S. ve Baki, B. (2022). An integrated AHP-modified VIKOR model for financial performance modeling in retail and wholesale trade companies. Decision Analytics Journal, 100077.
• Jayant, A., Chandan, A. K. ve Singh, S. (2019). Sustainable supplier selection for battery manufacturing industry: A MOORA and WASPAS Based Approach. Journal of Physics: Conference Series içinde (C. 1240, s. 012015). IOP Publishing.
• Jin-Woo, L. (2008). An Evaluation Model for Multi-Supplier Selection Based on Influence Diagram, DEMATEL and ANP. 경영교육연구, 51(1), 263-282.
• Kaya, R. ve Yet, B. (2019). Building Bayesian networks based on DEMATEL for multiple criteria decision problems: A supplier selection case study. Expert Systems with Applications, 134, 234-248.
• Kazak, H. (2016). Perakende Sektöründe Stratejik Tedarikçi Değerlendirmesi: Süpermarket İşletmelerinde Yılbaşı Tedarikçi Değerlendirme Kararları İçin Bir Uygulama Modeli. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). KTO Karatay Üniversitesi, Konya.
• Khan, S., Singh, R., Haleem, A., Dsilva, J. ve Ali, S. S. (2022). Exploration of critical success factors of logistics 4.0: A DEMATEL approach. Logistics, 6(1), 13.
• Khompatraporn, C. ve Somboonwiwat, T. (2017). Causal factor relations of supply chain competitiveness via fuzzy DEMATEL method for Thai automotive industry. Production Planning & Control, 28(6-8), 538-551.
• Khorshidi, M., Erkayman, B., Albayrak, Ö., Kılıç, R. ve Demir, H. İ. (2022). Solar power plant location selection using integrated fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy MOORA method. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1-10.
• Kumar, A., Kaviani, M. A., Hafezalkotob, A. ve Zavadskas, E. K. (2017). Evaluating innovation capabilities of real estate firms: A combined fuzzy Delphi and DEMATEL approach. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 21(4), 401-416.
• Lee, H.-S., Tzeng, G.-H., Yeih, W., Wang, Y.-J. ve Yang, S.-C. (2013). Revised DEMATEL: resolving the infeasibility of DEMATEL. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(10-11), 6746-6757.
• Liew, K. F., Lam, W. S. ve Lam, W. H. (2022). Financial Network Analysis on the Performance of Companies Using Integrated Entropy–DEMATEL–TOPSIS Model. Entropy, 24(8), 1056.
• Liu, T., Deng, Y. ve Chan, F. (2018). Evidential supplier selection based on DEMATEL and game theory. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 20(4), 1321-1333.
• Lukić, R. (2021). Application of Electre Method in Performance Analysis of Food Retailers in Serbia. Business Excellence and Management, 11(3), 84-102.
• Lukić, R. ve Zekić, B. H. (2020). Productivity Analysis Of Retail Trade In The European Union And Serbia Using The Ahp-Topsis Method. Business Logistics in Modern Management içinde . 20th International Scientific Conference Business Logistics in Modern Management, sunulmuş bildiri, Osijek, Croatia.
• Madhavan, M., Sharafuddin, M. A. ve Wangtueai, S. (2021). Assessing Trade Attractiveness Using International Marketing Environmental Factors and Fuzzy DEMATEL. Global Business Review, 09721509211046335.
• Manafzadeh, E. ve Ramezani, A. (2016). Identifying and prioritizing the effect of marketing mix from the customer’s perspective (4C) on the competitiveness of insurance companies using DEMATEL technique: A case study of Tehran Insurance Companies. Marketing and branding research, 3, 86-96.
• Mandal, U. K. ve Sarkar, B. (2012). Selection of best intelligent manufacturing system (ims) under fuzzy moora conflicting mcdm environment. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2(9), 301-310.
• Manurung, S. V. B. H., Simamora, I. M. S. ve Allagan, H. (2021). Comparison of Moora, Waspas and SAW Methods in Decision Support Systems. Jurnal Mantik, 5(2), 485-493.
• Moyer, R. C., McGuigan, J. R. ve Rao, R. P. (2014). Contemporary Financial Management. Cengage Learning.
• Nguyen, P.-H., Tsai, J.-F., Nguyen, V.-T., Vu, D.-D. ve Dao, T.-K. (2020). A decision support model for financial performance evaluation of listed companies in the Vietnamese retailing industry. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 1005-1015.
• Okka, O. ve Kazak, H. (2021). İslâmî Finansal Yönetim Sistem ve Uygulama (Konvansiyonel Finansla Mukayeseli) (2. bs.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Öz, M. ve Kamacı, K. (2022). İşletmelerde Teknolojik Yeniliklerin Kabulüne Etki Eden Yenilik Özelliklerinin DEMATEL Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 432-454.
• Patil, S. K. ve Kant, R. (2014). A hybrid approach based on fuzzy DEMATEL and FMCDM to predict success of knowledge management adoption in supply chain. Applied Soft Computing, 18, 126-135.
• Ranjan, R., Chatterjee, P. ve Chakraborty, S. (2015). Evaluating performance of engineering departments in an Indian University using DEMATEL and compromise ranking methods. Opsearch, 52(2), 307-328.
• Sarkar, A., Panja, S. C., Das, D. ve Sarkar, B. (2015). Developing an efficient decision support system for non-traditional machine selection: An application of MOORA and MOOSRA. Production & Manufacturing Research, 3(1), 324-342.
• Shi, X., Li, J., Wang, F., Dinçer, H. ve Yüksel, S. (2019). A hybrid decision-making approach for the service and financial-based measurement of universal health coverage for the E7 economies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(18), 3295.
• Sindhwani, R. ve Malhotra, V. (2018). An integrated approach for implementation of agile manufacturing system in an Indian manufacturing industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(4), 1106-1120.
• Sofuoğlu, M. A. (2021). A new hybrid decision-making strategy of cutting fluid selection for manufacturing environment. Sādhanā, 46(2), 1-9.
• Song, P., Zhao, J., Mubarak, S. M. ve Taresh, S. M. (2022). Critical success factors for epidemic emergency management in colleges and universities during COVID-19: A study based on DEMATEL method. Safety science, 145, 105498.
• Soni, A., Das, P. K. ve Sarma, M. (2022). Application of MOORA Method for Parametric Optimization of Manufacturing Process of Floor Tiles Using Waste Plastics. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, 6(1), 113-123.
• Stanujkic, D., Magdalinovic, N., Stojanovic, S. ve Jovanovic, R. (2012). Extension of ratio system part of MOORA method for solving decision-making problems with interval data. Informatica, 23(1), 141-154.
• Strategy&pwc. (2022). Türkiye Perakende Sektörüne Bakış (Retail). PwC. https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/tr/tr/pdf/tr-perakende-sektorune-bakis.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Su-Mei, L. (2011). Marketing mix (7P) and performance assessment of Western fast food industry in Taiwan: An application by associating DEMATEL (Decision making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) and ANP (Analytic Network Process). African Journal of Business Management, 5(26), 10634-10644.
• Sumrit, D. ve Anuntavoranich, P. (2013). Using DEMATEL method to analyze the causal relations on technological innovation capability evaluation factors in Thai technology-based firms. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 4(2), 81-103.
• Sutarno, S., Mesran, M., Supriyanto, S., Yuliana, Y. ve Dewi, A. (2019). Implementation of Multi-Objective Optimazation on the Base of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) in Improving Support for Decision on Sales Location Determination. Journal of Physics: Conference Series içinde (C. 1424, s. 012019). IOP Publishing.
• Şabanoğu, T. (2022). World: Retail sales 2020-2025 (Retail & Trade). Statista.
• Şok. (2022). ŞOK MARKETLER TİCARET A.Ş. ŞOK Hakkımızda. 14 Eylül 2022 tarihinde https://kurumsal.sokmarket.com.tr/hakkimizda adresinden erişildi.
• Taghzadeh Yazdi, M. R., Amrollah Biuky, N. ve Mohammadi Balani, A. (2017). Analyzing the Relationships between Green Supply Chain Management Implementation Factors and Ranking the Organizations in the Supply Chain (Case Study: Ceramic Tile Industry in Yazd Province). Industrial Management Journal, 8(4), 555-574.
• Thakkar, J. J. (2021). Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). Multi-Criteria Decision Making içinde (ss. 139-159). Springer.
• TUİK. (2022). Perakende Ciro Endeksi ve Değişim Oranları (Cari Fiyatlarla) (2015=100) (Perakende Satış Endeksleri). TUİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Perakende-Satis-Hacim-Endeksi-Mayis-2013-15857 adresinden erişildi.
• Tzeng, G.-H., Chiang, C.-H. ve Li, C.-W. (2007). Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL. Expert systems with Applications, 32(4), 1028-1044.
• Tzeng, G.-H. ve Huang, C.-Y. (2012). Combined DEMATEL technique with hybrid MCDM methods for creating the aspired intelligent global manufacturing & logistics systems. Annals of Operations Research, 197(1), 159-190.
• Varma, K. ve Kumar, K. S. (2012). Criteria analysis aiding portfolio selection using DEMATEL. Procedia Engineering, (38), 3649-3661.
• Vatansever, K. (2014). Integrated usage of fuzzy multi criteria decision making techniques for machine selection problems and an application. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(9), 12-24.
• Venugopal, R., Veeramani, C. ve Edalatpanah, S. A. (2022). Analysis of fuzzy DEMATEL approach for financial ratio performance evaluation of NASDAQ exchange. Proceedings of International Conference on Data Science and Applications içinde (ss. 637-648). Springer.
• Visalakshmi, S., Lakshmi, P., Shama, M. S. ve Vijayakumar, K. (2015). An integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-TOPSIS approach for financial performance evaluation of GREENEX industries. International Journal of Operational Research, 23(3), 340-362.
• Wang, Y.-L. ve Tzeng, G.-H. (2012). Brand marketing for creating brand value based on a MCDM model combining DEMATEL with ANP and VIKOR methods. Expert systems with applications, 39(5), 5600-5615.
• Wang, Y.-L., Tzeng, G.-H. ve Lee, W.-S. (2010). Key success factors of brand marketing for creating the brand value based on a MCDM model combining DEMATEL with ANP methods. Advances in Intelligent Decision Technologies içinde (ss. 721-730). Springer.
• Worsfold, P., Townshend, A., Poole, C. F. ve Miró, M. (2019). Encyclopedia of Analytical Science. Elsevier Science.
• Wu, W.-W. (2008). Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach. Expert systems with applications, 35(3), 828-835.
• Yadegari, M. ve Tarokh, M. (2017). Using fuzzy DEMATEL technique to ranking knowledge management strategies. Iranian Journal of Information Processing & Management, 32(3), 761-788.
• Yang, Y.-P. O., Shieh, H.-M., Leu, J.-D. ve Tzeng, G.-H. (2008). A novel hybrid MCDM model combined with DEMATEL and ANP with applications. International journal of operations research, 5(3), 160-168.
• Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H. ve Emir, Ş. (2017). Comparing the performance of Turkish deposit banks by using DEMATEL, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and MOORA approaches. World Journal of Applied Economics, 3(2), 26-47.
• Zahedi, J., Salehi, M. ve Moradi, M. (2022). Identifying and classifying the financial resilience measurement indices using intuitive fuzzy DEMATEL. Benchmarking: An International Journal, (ahead-of-print).
• Zhou, D., Zhang, L. ve Li, H. (2006). A study of the system’s hierarchical structure through integration of DEMATEL and ISM. 2006 international conference on machine learning and cybernetics içinde (ss. 1449-1453). IEEE.
• Zhou, Q., Huang, W. ve Zhang, Y. (2011). Identifying critical success factors in emergency management using a fuzzy DEMATEL method. Safety science, 49(2), 243-252.
• Zhou, X., Shi, Y., Deng, X. ve Deng, Y. (2017). D-DEMATEL: A new method to identify critical success factors in emergency management. Safety science, 91, 93-104.