Covid-19 Salgın Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim Ortamlarının Kullanımına İlişkin Yükseköğretim Öğrencilerinin Tutumları

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin Hubei eyaletine bağlı Wuhan şehrinde tespit edilen COVID-19 salgın nedeniyle üniversitelerin lisans bölümlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim ortamlarının kullanımına ilişkin tutumlarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın yöntemi; karma yöntemdir. Araştırmanın evrenini 152 lisans öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları; İlk araç; Araştırmada "Pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim ortamlarının kullanımına ilişkin tutum ölçeği" ikinci araç; araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizi; veriler iki şekilde analiz edilmiştir. İlk olarak hiyerarşik kümeleme analiz yöntemlerinden ward tekniği kullanılmış ve uzaklık ölçüsü olarak kare öklid uzaklığı seçilmiştir. ward'ın kümeleme analizi tekniğine göre uzaktan eğitim ortamlarının kullanımına yönelik tutum farklılıkları; Üç kümede sınıflandırılmıştır: Etkililik ve Memnuniyet, Motivasyon ve Memnuniyetsizliktir. Sınıflandırmadan sonra oluşturulan her kümede ikişer öğrenciye rastgele yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim etkinlikleri hakkında olumlu ve olumsuz görüşlere sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Salgın
• Uzaktan Eğitim
• Tutum
• Kümeleme Analizi

ATTITUDES OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS ABOUT THE USE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION ENVIRONMENTS DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK PROCESS

Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine the attitudes of students studying in undergraduate departments of universities towards the use of distance education environments due to the COVID-19 epidemic detected in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of the People's Republic of China. The method of the research; mixed method. The population of the research consists of 152 undergraduate students. Data collection tools of the research; the first vehicle; "Attitude scale regarding the use of distance education environments in the pandemic process" is the second tool in the research; it consists of a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher. Analysis of data; the data were analyzed in two ways. Firstly, ward technique, one of the hierarchical clustering analysis methods, was used and square Euclidean distance was chosen as a distance measure. Differences in attitudes towards the use of distance education environments according to ward's cluster analysis technique; it is classified into three clusters: Effectiveness and Satisfaction, Motivation and Dissatisfaction. After the classification, a random semi-structured interview form was applied to two students in each cluster formed. As a result; it has been concluded that students have positive and negative opinions about distance education activities.

Keywords

• Epidemic
• Distance Education
• Attitude
• Cluster Analysis

References

1. Altinpinar, I. and Basar, E. (2020). Distance education service in higher education maritime education measuring quality and performance. Mersin University Journal of Maritime and Logistics Studies, 2(1), 42- 59
2. Arora, A. K.. and Srinivasan, R. (2020). Impact of pandemic Covid-19 on the teaching–learning process: A Study of Higher Education Teachers. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 13(4), 43-56.
3. Basılaıa, G. and Kvavadze, D. (2020). “Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic in Georgia”, Pedagogical Research, 5(4), ss. 1-9.
4. Bawa, P. (2016). Retention in online courses: Exploring issues and solutions—a literature review. Sage Open, 6(1), 1-11.
5. Büyüköztürk, S., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, S. and Demirel, F. (2018). Scientific research methods (24th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
6. Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J. and Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the covid-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, (),112934 doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
7. Chan, S. S., So, W. K., Wong, D. C., Lee, A. C. and Tiwari, A. (2007). Improving older adults’ knowledge and practice of preventive measures through a telephone health education during the sars epidemic in Hong Kong: A pilot study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 244(7), 1120-1127.
8. Creswell, J. W. and Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. London: Sage Publication.

9. Çalışkan, S., Süzek, S. and Özcan, D. (2017). Determining student satisfaction in distance education courses, 9th ınternational conference on theory and application of soft computing, computing with words and perception, ICSCCW 2017, 22-23 August 2017, Budapest, Hungary.
10. De Paepe, L., Zhu, C. and DePryck, K. (2018). Drop-out, retention, satisfaction and attainment of online learners of Dutch in adult education. International Journal on E-Learning, 17(3), 303-323.
11. Dobbs, R., del Carmen, A. and Waid-Lindberg, C. (2017). Students’perceptions of online courses: The effect of online course experience. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 18(1), 98-109.
12. Edelhauser, E. and Lupu-Dima, L. (2020). Is Romania prepared for learning during the Covid-19 pandemic? Sustainability, 12(13), 1-29.
13. Erhan, C. and Gümüş, S. (2020). Opportunities and risks in higher education after the global epidemic: Future. In Şeker, M., Özer, A. and Korkut, C. (Eds.). Anatomy of the Global Epidemic, Future of Human and Society, TUBA, Ankara.
14. Ferreira, L. and Hitchcock, D. B. (2009). A comparison of hierarchical methods for cluster functional data. Communications in statistics-simulation and computation, 38(9), 1925-1949
15. Fıdan, M. (2020). Education in the Covid-19 uncertainty: Teacher on compulsory distance education in primary school opinions. Usak University Journal of Educational Research, 6(2), 24-43.
16. General Council of Higher Education (YÖK). (2021b). “YÖK Courses Platform” was opened to the access of students. Retrieved on 02 April 2021 from https://www.yok.gov.tr/.
17. General Council of Higher Education (YÖK).(2020 d). Press briefing. Press Release - (26.03.2020) Chaırman of the Hıgher Educatıon Board PROF. DR. M. A. Yekta Sarac
18. Gewın, V. (2020). Here are five tips for moving teaching online while Covid-19 is on hold. Nature, 580, 295 296.
19. Higher Education (YÖK) General Assembly. (2021a). Decision dated 24.09.2020. from the web address 02 April 2021 acquired on.
20. Higher Education General Assembly (YÖK). (2021c). Press release htt://www.yok.gov.tr/Pages/news/2020 YKS 20% Postponement 20% Press 20% statement.aspx, retrieved from the website on April 18, 2021.
21. Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R. and Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Uppersaddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall
22. Hands, S. and Everitt, B. (1987). A Monte Carlo study of the recovery of cluster structure in binary data by hierarchical cluster techniques. Multivar. Behav. Res. 22, 235-243.
23. Hassenburg, A. (2009). Distance education versus the traditional classroom: Comparing the traditional classroom to the virtual one, does being physically present in school make difference? Berkeley Scientific Journal, 13(1), 7-10
24. Horspool, A. and Lange, C. (2012). Applying the scholarship of teaching and learning: Student perceptions, behaviours and success online and face-to-face. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 37(1), 73- 88.
25. Huang, J. L., Ryan, A. M., Zabel, K. L. and Palmer, A. (2014). Personality and adaptive performance at work: A metaanalytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 162-179. DOI: 10.1037/a0034285
26. Karasar, N. (2012). Scientific research method (24th ed.). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
27. Kalaycı, S. 2009. SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques. Asil Publication Distribution, 426 s, Ankara
28. Kalaycı, S. (2010). SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques. Ankara: Asil Publication Distribution,
29. Keskin, M. and Özer-Kaya, D. (2020). In the Covid-19 process, students' interest in web-based distance education evaluation of their feedback. Journal of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences, 5(2), 59-67.
30. Leı, S. A. and Gupta, R. K. (2010). College Distance Education Courses: Evaluating benefits and costs from ınstitutional, faculty and students’ perspectives. Education, 130(4), 616-631.
31. Li, F., Zhou, M. and Fan, B. (2014). Can distance education increase educational equality? Evidence from the expansion of Chinese higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 39(10), 1811-1822.
32. Merriam, S. B. (2013). Qualitative research: A guide to design and practice (Translation from 3rd Edition, translation editor: S.Turan). Ankara: Nobel Publication Distribution.
33. Muhammed, A. and Kainat, Anwar. (2020). “Online Learning amidthe Covid-19 Pandemic: Students’ Perspectives”, Online Submission, 2(1), ss. 45-51.
34. Murtagh, F. ve Legendre, P. (2014). Ward’s hierarchical agglomerative cluster method: Which algorithms implement ward’s criterion?. Journal of Classification, 31(3), 274-295
35. Orçanlı, K. and Bekmezcı, M. (2020). Distance Education of University Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic Determination of Perception and Its Relationship with Some Demographic Variables, International Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences. 6 (2). 88-108. DOI: 10.29131uiibd.836277
36. Özbay, Ö., Altın, H.M. and Turkoglu, H. (2013). Lesson with video conferencing tool in distance education examination of students' opinions about. 7th International Computer and Instructional Technologies Symposium, 6-8 June 2013, Erzurum, 403-404.
37. Özer, M. and Suna, E. (2020). Covıd-19 Outbreak and Education. Journal of the Turkish Academy of Sciences. (1). 179-182. 16 June 2020.
38. Özonur, M., Kamışlı, H., Yelken, T. Y. and Tokmak, H. S. (2019). Enocta learning of distance education students examination of their views on the management system. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 50, 283-302. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.407470
39. Passenger, H. (2020). Distance education of prospective classroom teachers during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic experiences. Journal of Open Education Applications and Research, 6(4), 237 250.
40. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business a skill-building approach. 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons: New York. - References - Scientific Research Publishing.
41. Serçemeli, M. and Kurnaz, E. (2020). A research on students' perspectives on distance education and distance accounting education during the Covid-19 pandemic period. International Journal of Social Sciences Academic Research, 4(1), 40-53.
42. Shih, G., Lynch, David J. and Denyer, S. (2020). "Fifth coronavirus case confirmed in U.S., 1,000 more cases expected in China". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Accessed on 27 January 2020. 1 May 2021 from the web address acquired on.
43. Tatlıdil, H. (2002). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Ankara: Academy. printing house
44. Tekin, B. and Gumus, F., B. (2017), The Classification of stocks with basic financial ındicators: An application of cluster analysis on the bıst 100 ındex. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7 (5)
45. Unesco [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization] (2020). Covıd-19 education disruption and response. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/ educationresponse
46. Yamamotu, T. G. and Altun, D. (2020). The Coronavirus and the Unstoppable Rise of Online Education. Maltepe Journal of University Studies, April 2020, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages: 25-34
47. Yıldız, E. P., Çengel, M. and Alkan, A. (2021). The use of distance education environments during the pandemic process attitude scale. OPUS–International Journal of Society Studies, 17(33), 132-153. DOI:10.26466/opus.811510
48. World Health Organization (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (covıd-19) situation report-1 retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep1-2019 ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=20a99c10_4
49. World Health Organization. (2021). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/covid-19-vaccine- astrazeneca-benefits-still-outweigh-risks-despite-possible-link-rare-blood- clots. Obtained on 10 May 2021 from the web address