The Unknown Of İlkhanli Astronomy: The Issue Of Shams al-Dîn al-Wâbkanawî And Sultan Uljaytu Khan (Sultaniyye) Observatory

Year 2020, , 471 - 484, 31.01.2020

Seyfettin Kaya

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.593409

Abstract

One of the
important scientists working in the Merâga and Tabriz observatories during the
Ilkhanians Period is also Shams al-Dîn al-Wâbkanawî al-Bukharî. Shams al-Dîn
al-Wâbkanawî al-Bukharî, who conducted astronomy and observation studies for 40
years since 1272, is the owner of Zij-i al-Muhaqqaq al-Sultanî, which he
started writing in Sultân Uljaytu Khan Era. However, despite the beginning of
the writing of this Zîj Olcaytu Han Period (1304-1316), upon his death, he was
dedicated to his son, Ilhanli ruler Ebu Sa’id Bahadır (1317-1335). The most
important characteristic of Zij-i al-Muhaqqaq al-Sultanî is; Zijs, which was
written before, but was lost in time, is mentioned in this work, and Zij-i
İlkhanî, who was alleged to have had some mistakes in it and who wrote it on
the basis of previous Zijs, is criticizing and giving the original observations
to justify these criticisms. Shams al-Dîn al-Wâbkanawî al-Bukharî is another
development which makes important in the history of astronomy, 30 January 1283,
the "the annular eclipse" is to give information about. İn addition, outside
the establishment of observatories in Maragha in the Hulagu Khan Period
(1256-1265) and in Tabriz in the Ghazan Khan Period (1295-1304). It is even
estimated that Shams al-Dîn al-Wâbkanawî al-Bukharî worked in this observatory,
which was allegedly founded in Sultaniyye during the Sultan Uljaytu Khan period
(1304-1316).

Keywords

Shams al-Dîn al-Wâbkanawî al-Bukharî, Sultaniyye Observatory, İlkhans, Zij-i al-Muhaqqaq al-Sultanî, Maragha

İLHANLI ASTRONOMİSİNİN BİLİNMEYENLERİ: ŞEMSEDDÎN EL-VÂBKANAVÎ VE SULTAN OLCAYTU HAN (SULTANİYYE) GÖZLEMEVİ MESELESİ

Abstract

İlhanlılar
Dönemi’nde Merâga ve Tebrîz gözlemevlerinde çalışan önemli bilim insanlarından
biri de Şemseddîn el-Vâbkanavî el-Buharî’dir.
1272 yılından beri 40 yıl boyunca astronomi ve gözlem çalışmaları yürüten Şemseddîn el-Vâbkanavî el-Buharî, Olcaytu
Han Dönemi’nde yazımına başladığı Zîc-i
el Muhakkak el-Sultanî adlı eserin de sahibidir. Ancak bu zîc, Olcaytu Han
Dönemi’nde (1304-1316) yazılmaya başlanmasına rağmen onun ölümü üzerine oğlu İlhanlı
hükümdarı Ebu Sa’id Bahadır’a (1317-1335) ithaf edilmiştir. Zîc-i el-Muhakkak el-Sultanî’nin en
önemli özelliği; daha önce yazılmış, ancak zamanla kaybolmuş olan zîc adlarının
bu eserde zikredilmesi ve daha önceki zîc’lere dayanılarak yazılan ve bundan
dolayı içinde birtakım yanlışlıklar bulundurduğu iddia edilen Zîc-i İlhanî’yi eleştirmesi ve bu
eleştirileri haklı çıkaracak özgün rasad bilgileri vermesidir. Şemseddîn el-Vâbkanavî el-Buharî’yi astronomi
tarihinde önemli kılan bir diğer gelişme ise 30 Ocak 1283 yılında yapmış olduğu
“halkalı güneş tutulması” hakkında
bilgiler vermesidir. Ayrıca Hülağü Han Dönemi’nde 1256-1265) Merâga’da ve Gazan
Han Dönemi’nde (1295-1304) Tebrîz’de gözlemevleri kurulmasının dışında Sultan Olcaytu
Han Dönemi’nde de Sultaniyye’de bir gözlemevinin kurulduğu iddiası
bulunmaktadır. Hatta Şemseddîn
el-Vâbkanavî el-Buharî’nin, Sultan
Olcaytu Han Dönemi’nde (1304-1316) Sultaniyye’de kurulduğu iddia edilen bu
gözlemevinde de çalıştığı tahmin edilmektedir.

Keywords

Şemseddîn el-Vâbkanavî el-Buharî, Sultaniyye Gözlemevi, İlhanlılar, Zîc-i el-Muhakkak el-Sultanî, Merâga

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