MÖ 3. VE 2. BİNYILLARDA MEZOPOTAMYA’DA SULAMA KANALLARI VE TOPLUMSAL YAŞAMA ETKİLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 415 - 426, 03.09.2020

Esra Bulut Mehmet Kurt

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.701578

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Mezopotamya’nın zirai hayatında sulama kanalları önemli bir yer tutmakta olup söz konusu kanalların inşasında bölgede yılın büyük bir bölümünde kuraklığın hüküm sürmesinin etkisi büyüktür. Kanalların inşasında Fırat ve Dicle nehirleri ile kollarının geçtiği sahaların uygun topografyası kolaylaştırıcı bir etken olmuştur. Ancak topografyanın kanal açmaya uygun yapısı tek başına yeterli olmayıp bu iş organize bir gücün varlığını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında kanalların inşası ve işleyişinde bu işi organize eden idareciler, kanal açma işinde fiziki gücü oluşturan işçiler, kanal açılacak alanlarda oldukça detaylı hesaplamalar yapan kâtiplerin yanı sıra bakım ve onarımını üstlenen halk oldukça örgütlü bir yapı oluşturmuşlardır. Mezopotamya’da sulama kanallarının aktif olarak kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla tarımsal üretimden elde edilen hasat oranında büyük bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Bunun dışında kanalların balıkçılık faaliyetleri açısından da önemli bir işleve sahip olduğu ele alınan dönemlere ait yazılı kaynaklardan bilinmektedir. Diğer taraftan Mezopotamya’daki yerleşimler arasında yapılan ticari faaliyetlerin de zaman zaman kanallar kullanılmak suretiyle yapılmış olduğu kaynakların verdiği bilgilerden anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada MÖ 3. ve 2. binyıllarda yazılı ve arkeolojik kaynakları ışığında Mezopotamya’daki sulama kanallarının bölgenin ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve siyasal yapısına etkisi ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Mezopotamya, Sulama Kanalları, Tapınaklar

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