FRANSA’DA JANSENİZMİN GELİŞİMİ VE SONU

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 251 - 264, 18.01.2022

Osman Şahin İskender Oymak

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.999730

Abstract

Jansenizm, Hıristiyanlıkta ihsan doktrini ile ilgili birtakım tartışmalar etrafında gelişen ve özellikle Fransa’da etkili olan bir akımdır. İsmini Aziz Augustin’i yeniden yorumlayarak “Augustinus” isminde yeni bir eserle konuyu gündeme taşıyan Cornelius Jansen’den almıştır. Augustinus adlı eserinde Jansen, Aziz Augustin’in Pelagianizm’e karşı yürüttüğü tartışmaları, ilk günahı ve cennetten kovuluşu ele almış, kendi zamanında ortaya çıkan “yeni bir eğilim” şeklinde ifade ettiği Molinizm’i ve onu takip eden Cizvitleri, Semi-Pelagian olmakla itham etmiştir. Molina özelinde Cizvitler, Luther ve Calvin gibi Reform liderlerinin aşırı kaderci Augustinci kurtuluş teolojisine karşı çıkmış ve insanın özgür iradesini ön plana çıkaran hümanist bir teolojiyi benimsemiştir. Bu sebeple Jansen ve onun takipçileri, insanın iradesini Tanrı’nın iradesinin önüne geçirmekle eleştirilmişlerdir. Katolik Kilisesi içinde ortaya çıkan “kurtuluş doktrininde insanın ve Tanrı’nın rolü” ile ilgili bu teolojik tartışmalar, Jansenizm ekseninde özellikle Fransa’da yıllar boyunca gündemi meşgul etmiştir. Bu çekişmeler sadece teolojik alanla sınırlı kalmamış, 1879 Devrimi’ne giden süreçte siyasi arenada da yankıları olmuştur. Bu çalışma Jansenizm’in ortaya çıkışını, Fransa’da konu ile ilgili gelişen olay ve tartışmaları ve devrime doğru giden süreçte gündemden düşüşünü ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Jansenizm, Molinizm, Unigenitus, İhsan Doktrini.

Supporting Institution

Yoktur

Project Number

yok

Rise and Fall of Jansenism in France

Abstract

Jansenism was a movement about the doctrine of grace in Christianity and was especially effective in France. The movement took its name from Cornelius Jansen, who reinterpreted St. Augustin in his work “Augustinus” and started the discussions on the doctrine of grace. In Augustinus, Jansen wrote about Saint Augustin's arguments against Pelagianism, original sin and expulsion from heaven. He accused Molinism, which he described as a new trend that emerged in his time, and the Jesuits who followed it as Semi-Pelagian. The Jesuits opposed the ultra-fatalistic Augustinian justification theology of the Reformation and adopted a more humanistic theology that emphasized human free will. They were criticized by Jansen and his followers for elevating the will of man above the will of God. Those theological debates about the "role of man and God in the doctrine of justification" that emerged within the Catholic Church on the axis of Jansenism occupied the agenda for many years especially in France. Those conflicts were not only limited to the theological field, but also had repercussions in the political arena in the process leading up to the 1879 Revolution. This study defines the emergence of Jansenism, the events and discussions on the subject in France, and its fall from the agenda in the process leading to the revolution.

Keywords

Molinism, Unigenitus, Jansenism, Doctrine of Grace

Project Number

yok

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