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QUINE’IN FELSEFESİNDE SÜREKLİLİK TEZİNİN GERÇEK ANLAMI NEDİR?

Year 2023, , 179 - 192, 20.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1224220

Abstract

Süreklilik tezi (ST); bilim, sağduyu ve felsefe arasındaki benzerliklerin, rakiplerinin iddia edebileceğinden çok daha fazla olduğunu öne sürmez. Quinecı motivasyon altında ST, felsefenin nasıl yapılacağına ilişkin normatif bir fikir önermek için kullanılır; ST felsefe, sağduyu ve bilim arasındaki gerçek ilişkiler hakkında, bunların tarihsel ve gelişimsel kökenleri dışında, tanımlayıcı bir tez değildir. ST, öncelikle bilim ve bilim dışı arasındaki benzerlikler üzerine tanımlayıcı bir tez değildir. Bununla birlikte, ST kendisiyle yakından ilişkili başka bir tanımlayıcı teze dayanmaktadır: ortadan başlamak. Bilimsel olsun ya da olmasın, insani ve hayvani tüm düşünceler, miras alınan bir bilgi yığınından, varsayımlardan ve onu çevreleyen genel bir çerçeveden başlar. Kozmik sürgün, Arşimet noktası ve "hiçbir yerden görüş" yoktur. Bu, Quine için bir gözlemdir ve onun analitik ve sentetik önermeler arasındaki ayrıma karşı saldırısının temelini oluşturur; holizm ve ampirizm savunması, kombinasyon halinde Quinecı natüralizmi bize verir. Bu nedenle ST, Quinecı natüralizminin nihai ifadesi olarak düşünülmelidir ve bilim, sağduyu ve felsefe arasındaki büyük farklılıkları, hatta bazen büyük karşıtlığı göstererek geçersiz kılınamaz. ST mevcut bilim anlayışında önemli bir değişiklik olmaksızın felsefenin bilime asimile edilmesi gerektiği anlamına da gelmez.

References

  • Bilgrami, Akeel. “The Wider Significance of Naturalism. A Genealogical Essay.” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by Mario De Caro and David Macarthur, 23–54. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Caro, Mario De, and David Macarthur. “Introduction: Science, Naturalism, and the Problem of Normativity.” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by Mario DeCaro and David Macarthur, 1–19. New York, N.Y: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • ———. “Introduction: The Nature of Naturalism.” In Naturalism in Question, edited by Mario De Caro and David Macarthur, 1–17. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
  • Caro, Mario De, and Alberto Voltolini. “Is Liberal Naturalism Possible?” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by M. De Caro and D. Macarthur, 69–86. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Editors. “Introduction.” Grazer Philosophische Studien 66, no. 1 (2003): 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/18756735-90000808.
  • Floridi, Luciano. “What Is A Philosophical Question?” Metaphilosophy 44, no. 3 (April 1, 2013): 195–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12035.
  • Haack, Susan. “Six Signs of Scientism.” Logos & Episteme III, no. 1 (2012): 75–95. http://logos-and-episteme.proiectsbc.ro/sites/default/files/SIX SIGNS OF SCIENTISM.pdf.
  • ———. “The Two Faces of Quine’s Naturalism.” Synthese 94, no. 3 (1993): 335–56.
  • Hietanen, Johan, Petri Turunen, Ilmari Hirvonen, Janne Karisto, Ilkka Pättiniemi, and Henrik Saarinen. “How Not to Criticise Scientism.” Metaphilosophy 51, no. 4 (2020): 522–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12443.
  • Hoyningen-Huene, Paul. Systematicity: The Nature of Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Johnsen, Bredo C. “Reclaiming Quine’s Epistemology.” Synthese 191, no. 5 (2014): 961–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s.
  • Johnsen, Bredo C. “How to Read ‘Epistemology Naturalized.’” Journal of Philosophy 102, no. 2 (2005): 78–93. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil200510221.
  • Kornblith, Hilary. “Philosophy, Science, and Common Sense.” In Scientism: Prospects and Problems, edited by Jeroen de Ridder, Rik Peels, and René van Woudenberg, 127–48. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • ———. “What Is Naturalistic Epistemology.” In Naturalizing Epistemology, edited by Hilary Kornblith, 2nd ed., 1–14. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A Bradford Book, 1994.
  • Ladyman, James. “Scientism with a Human Face.” In Scientism: Prospects and Problems, edited by Jeroen de Ridder, Rik Peels, and René van Woudenberg, 106–26. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Putnam, Hilary. “Science and Philosophy.” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by Mario DeCaro and David Macarthur, 89–99. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Quine, Willard Van Orman. “Has Philosophy Lost Contact with People.” In Theories and Things. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981.
  • ———. “Naturalism; Or, Living Within One’s Means.” Dialectica 49, no. 2–4 (1995): 251–61.
  • ———. “On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World.” Erkenntnis 9 (1975): 313–28.
  • ———. “Ontological Relativity.” Journal of Philosophy 65, no. 7 (1968): 185–212.
  • ———. “Reply to Morton White.” In The Philosophy of Quine, edited by Lewis Edwin Hahn and Paul Arthur Schilpp, 2nd ed., 663–65. Chicago and La Salle: Open Court, 1998.
  • ———. “The Way The World Is.” In Confessions of a Confirmed Extensionalist : And Other Essays, edited by Dagfinn Føllesdal and Douglas B Quine, 166–71. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008.
  • ———. Theories and Things. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1981.
  • Quine, Willard Van Orman, and J S Ullian. The Web of Belief. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
  • Roth, Paul A. “The Epistemology of ‘Epistemology Naturalized.’” Dialectica 53, no. 2 (2005): 87–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1746-8361.1999.TB00066.X.
  • Spurrett, David. “Philosophy Enough. [Inaugural Lecture].” South African Journal of Philosophy 28, no. 1 (2009): 47–68.
  • Verhaegh, Sander. Working from Within: The Nature and Development of Quine’s Naturalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Wray, K Brad. “Systematicity and the Continuity Thesis.” Synthese 196, no. 3 (2019): 819–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1088-y.

WHAT DOES THE CONTINUITY THESIS REALLY MEAN IN QUINE’S PHILOSOPHY?

Year 2023, , 179 - 192, 20.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1224220

Abstract

The continuity thesis (CT) does not suggest that the similarities between science, common sense, and philosophy are much more than its opponents might claim. Under its Quinean motivation, CT is used to suggest a normative idea concerning how to do philosophy; it is not a descriptive thesis about the actual relationships between philosophy, common sense, and science, except the historical and developmental origins of them. CT is not primarily a descriptive thesis on the similarities between science and non-science. It is, however, based upon another descriptive, closely related thesis: starting from the middle. All thought, human and animal, scientific or not, begins from an inherited mass of knowledge, assumptions, and a surrounding general framework. There is no cosmic exile, Archimedean point, and “view from nowhere.” This is an observation for Quine and underlies his attack against the analytic and the synthetic distinction; his defense of holism and of empiricism which in combination yields Quinean naturalism. Thus, CT should be considered as the ultimate expression of Quinean naturalism and cannot be invalidated by showing the vast differences, even occasionally outright opposition, between science, common sense, and philosophy. Neither does it imply that philosophy must be assimilated into science without a substantial shift in the present notion of science.

References

  • Bilgrami, Akeel. “The Wider Significance of Naturalism. A Genealogical Essay.” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by Mario De Caro and David Macarthur, 23–54. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Caro, Mario De, and David Macarthur. “Introduction: Science, Naturalism, and the Problem of Normativity.” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by Mario DeCaro and David Macarthur, 1–19. New York, N.Y: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • ———. “Introduction: The Nature of Naturalism.” In Naturalism in Question, edited by Mario De Caro and David Macarthur, 1–17. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
  • Caro, Mario De, and Alberto Voltolini. “Is Liberal Naturalism Possible?” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by M. De Caro and D. Macarthur, 69–86. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Editors. “Introduction.” Grazer Philosophische Studien 66, no. 1 (2003): 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/18756735-90000808.
  • Floridi, Luciano. “What Is A Philosophical Question?” Metaphilosophy 44, no. 3 (April 1, 2013): 195–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12035.
  • Haack, Susan. “Six Signs of Scientism.” Logos & Episteme III, no. 1 (2012): 75–95. http://logos-and-episteme.proiectsbc.ro/sites/default/files/SIX SIGNS OF SCIENTISM.pdf.
  • ———. “The Two Faces of Quine’s Naturalism.” Synthese 94, no. 3 (1993): 335–56.
  • Hietanen, Johan, Petri Turunen, Ilmari Hirvonen, Janne Karisto, Ilkka Pättiniemi, and Henrik Saarinen. “How Not to Criticise Scientism.” Metaphilosophy 51, no. 4 (2020): 522–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12443.
  • Hoyningen-Huene, Paul. Systematicity: The Nature of Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Johnsen, Bredo C. “Reclaiming Quine’s Epistemology.” Synthese 191, no. 5 (2014): 961–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s.
  • Johnsen, Bredo C. “How to Read ‘Epistemology Naturalized.’” Journal of Philosophy 102, no. 2 (2005): 78–93. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil200510221.
  • Kornblith, Hilary. “Philosophy, Science, and Common Sense.” In Scientism: Prospects and Problems, edited by Jeroen de Ridder, Rik Peels, and René van Woudenberg, 127–48. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • ———. “What Is Naturalistic Epistemology.” In Naturalizing Epistemology, edited by Hilary Kornblith, 2nd ed., 1–14. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A Bradford Book, 1994.
  • Ladyman, James. “Scientism with a Human Face.” In Scientism: Prospects and Problems, edited by Jeroen de Ridder, Rik Peels, and René van Woudenberg, 106–26. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Putnam, Hilary. “Science and Philosophy.” In Naturalism and Normativity, edited by Mario DeCaro and David Macarthur, 89–99. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Quine, Willard Van Orman. “Has Philosophy Lost Contact with People.” In Theories and Things. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981.
  • ———. “Naturalism; Or, Living Within One’s Means.” Dialectica 49, no. 2–4 (1995): 251–61.
  • ———. “On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World.” Erkenntnis 9 (1975): 313–28.
  • ———. “Ontological Relativity.” Journal of Philosophy 65, no. 7 (1968): 185–212.
  • ———. “Reply to Morton White.” In The Philosophy of Quine, edited by Lewis Edwin Hahn and Paul Arthur Schilpp, 2nd ed., 663–65. Chicago and La Salle: Open Court, 1998.
  • ———. “The Way The World Is.” In Confessions of a Confirmed Extensionalist : And Other Essays, edited by Dagfinn Føllesdal and Douglas B Quine, 166–71. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008.
  • ———. Theories and Things. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1981.
  • Quine, Willard Van Orman, and J S Ullian. The Web of Belief. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
  • Roth, Paul A. “The Epistemology of ‘Epistemology Naturalized.’” Dialectica 53, no. 2 (2005): 87–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1746-8361.1999.TB00066.X.
  • Spurrett, David. “Philosophy Enough. [Inaugural Lecture].” South African Journal of Philosophy 28, no. 1 (2009): 47–68.
  • Verhaegh, Sander. Working from Within: The Nature and Development of Quine’s Naturalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Wray, K Brad. “Systematicity and the Continuity Thesis.” Synthese 196, no. 3 (2019): 819–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1088-y.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serdal Tümkaya 0000-0002-2453-4184

Publication Date May 20, 2023
Submission Date December 25, 2022
Acceptance Date April 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

Chicago Tümkaya, Serdal. “WHAT DOES THE CONTINUITY THESIS REALLY MEAN IN QUINE’S PHILOSOPHY?”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 35 (May 2023): 179-92. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1224220.

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