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ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE’IN NEDEN CUMHURIYETÇİ DEĞİL DE LİBERAL OLDUĞU HAKKINDA

Year 2018, Volume: 13 Issue: 26, 357 - 374, 29.12.2018

Abstract

Birey ve içinde yaşadığı topluluk arasındaki ilişkinin ideal formunu aramak Antik
Yunan’dan bu yana yüzlerce yıllık siyasal düşünce tarihinin en önemli konusunu
oluşturagelmiştir. Bu makale bu konudaki çok sayıdaki farklı yaklaşımdan ikisini,
cumhuriyetçi ve liberal yaklaşımları, inceleme konusu yapmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımları ilginç
kılan, devlet-toplum-birey ilişkisine ele alışları bakımında ikisinin aynı anda hem birbirlerinin
kuvvetli rakipleri olarak görülmeleri hem de liberal cunhuriyetçilik olarak adlandırılan
üçüncü bir yaklaşımı mümkün kılacak kadar ortak nokta barındırdıklarının söylenmesidir.
Bu çalışma, ikisi arasındaki bu çok yönlü ve karmaşık ilişkiye dair düşünmenin, zihinlerimizi
meşgul eden temel meseleye dair kendi yanıtlarımızı aramak ve bulmakta yardımcı olacağı
inancından hareket etmektedir. Bu tartışmayı en etkili siyaset teorisyenlerinden Alexis de
Tocqueville’in Amerika’da Demokrasi adlı eserinde ortaya koyduğu yaklaşıma atıfla
somutlandırmaktadır. Çünkü de Tocqueveille bazen liberal, bazen cunhuriyetçi bazen de
liberal-cumhuriyetçi olarak kategorize edilmekte, bu çalışma ise onun liberal gelenek içinde
anılması gerektiğini öne sürmektedir. Sonuç olarak burada şu şekilde katkı sunmak
hedeflenmektedir: liberalizm ve cumhuriyetçiliğin devlet-toplum-birey ilişkisini
kavramsallaştırma biçimlerinin epeyce özet şekilde de olsa karşılaştırmalı bir analizini
sunmak, böylelikle günümüz siyaset teorisinde geniş ilgi uyandıran liberal cumhuriyetçiliğin
arkaplanını ana hatlarıyla göstermek, ve de Tocquville’in bugünkü hakim liberal-bireyciçoğulcu sivil toplum anlayışının kurucusu olduğunu ortaya koymak. Vurgulamak gerekirse,
asıl soru yüzyıllardır değişmediği için, burada esasen amaçlanan kendi cevaplarımızı arayıp
bulmaya vesile olmaktır. 

References

  • “Civic Humanism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/
  • Brugger, Bill. Republican Theory in Political Thought: Virtous or Virtual? London: Macmillan Ltd., 1999.
  • de Tocqueville, Alexis. Democracy in America, The Complete and Unabridged Volumes I and II. New York, Toronto: Bantam Books, 2000.
  • Diamond, Larry. “Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation.” Journal of Democracy. Vol. 5. No. 3, 1994.
  • Ehrenberg, John. Civil Society: The Critical History of an Idea. New York: New York University Press, 1999.
  • Gray, John. Liberalism, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995, 2nd Edition.
  • Habermas, Jurgen. “Further Reflections on the Public Sphere” in Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. Craig Calhoun. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1992.
  • Hann, Chris. “Introduction: Political Society and Civil Anthropology” in Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. London, New York: Routledge, 1996.
  • Hayek, Frederik A. “Liberalism” in New Studies in Philosophy, Politics and the History of Ideas, (London: Routledge and Keagan Paul, 1982), internet version. http://www.angelfire.com/rebellion/oldwhig4ever
  • Lowett, Frank. “Republicanism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/
  • Paine, Thomas. Rights of Men, Common Sense, and Other Political Writings. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

WHY ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE IS NOT A REPUBLICAN BUT A LIBERAL

Year 2018, Volume: 13 Issue: 26, 357 - 374, 29.12.2018

Abstract

The search for the ideal form of the relation
between the individual human being and the community surrounding her has always
been the question at the center of political thought. This article is
interested in two of these alternatives: the liberal and the republican. What
is interesting about these two is that while they traditionally have been
rivals to each other, there have always been attempts to bring them together.
An analysis of the complex relation between them provides fertile ground for
those who are eager to hunt their own answers. This is what this article hopes
to do with an eye on one of the most influential political theorists, de
Tocqueville. In this article, I aim to show why it is more appropriate to cite
him as a classical representative of liberalism rather than republicanism.
Hence, the contribution of this article is threefold: It will present a
comparative overview of the main tenets of liberalism and republicanism; by
highlighting the points of conjuncture and disjuncture between them, it will
illustrate the background of the notion of liberal-republicanism; third, mainly
through quotations from Democracy in America, it will reveal that de Tocqueville,
because of his ideas on state-society-individual relations, is the founding
father of modern liberal-individualist-pluralist hegemonic concept of civil
society.

References

  • “Civic Humanism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/
  • Brugger, Bill. Republican Theory in Political Thought: Virtous or Virtual? London: Macmillan Ltd., 1999.
  • de Tocqueville, Alexis. Democracy in America, The Complete and Unabridged Volumes I and II. New York, Toronto: Bantam Books, 2000.
  • Diamond, Larry. “Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation.” Journal of Democracy. Vol. 5. No. 3, 1994.
  • Ehrenberg, John. Civil Society: The Critical History of an Idea. New York: New York University Press, 1999.
  • Gray, John. Liberalism, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995, 2nd Edition.
  • Habermas, Jurgen. “Further Reflections on the Public Sphere” in Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. Craig Calhoun. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1992.
  • Hann, Chris. “Introduction: Political Society and Civil Anthropology” in Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. London, New York: Routledge, 1996.
  • Hayek, Frederik A. “Liberalism” in New Studies in Philosophy, Politics and the History of Ideas, (London: Routledge and Keagan Paul, 1982), internet version. http://www.angelfire.com/rebellion/oldwhig4ever
  • Lowett, Frank. “Republicanism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/
  • Paine, Thomas. Rights of Men, Common Sense, and Other Political Writings. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Funda Gençoğlu This is me

Publication Date December 29, 2018
Submission Date September 20, 2018
Acceptance Date December 29, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 13 Issue: 26

Cite

Chicago Gençoğlu, Funda. “ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE’IN NEDEN CUMHURIYETÇİ DEĞİL DE LİBERAL OLDUĞU HAKKINDA”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13, no. 26 (December 2018): 357-74.

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