“Public Knowledge” or “Science” in John M. Ziman

Year 2008, Issue: 6, 85 - 100, 01.09.2008

Talip Kabadayı

Abstract

The goal of science is to understand not to gather data or to get at formulas. Traditional philosophies of sciences have made attempts to keep the irrational, psychological, sociological and philosophical elements out of science and to reject them; whereas, the most important thing is to take into consideration these dimensions of science. Scientific knowledge, which is produced by men of letters, is never ever objective. Science is done by men of science for the sake of human beings; thus preconceived ideas are always dominant in science and so science is validated not by sound logic but by personal judgments. Science is also subject to the material interests, historical experience, cultural traditions and social relations of scientist doing it

Keywords

Irrational elements, scientific knowledge, objective, preconceived ideas, cultural traditions, social relations

JOHN M. ZIMAN’DA “KAMUSAL BİLGİ” YA DA “BİLİM”

Abstract

Bilimin amacı anlamadır; veri toplamak ya da formül bulmak değildir. Geleneksel bilim felsefeleri bilimdeki usdışı, psikolojik, sosyolojik ve felsefi unsurları bilimden uzaklaştırmaya ve ayıklamaya çabalamışlardır; halbuki asıl olan bilimdeki bu boyutların da hesaba katılmasıdır. Bilimsel bilgi, onu üretenler insanlar oldukları için hiç mi hiç nesnel değildir. Bilim insanlar tarafından insanlar için yapılır; şu halde, bilimde peşin hükümler her zaman söz konusudur ve bilim sağın mantıkla değil kişisel yargıla da bulunularak geçerli kılınır. Bilim maddi çıkarlara, tarihsel deneyime, kültürel geleneklere ve onu yapanların toplumsal ilişkilerine de tabidir

Keywords

Usdışı unsurlar, bilimsel bilgi, nesnel, peşin hükümler, kültürel gelenekler, toplumsal ilişkiler

References

• BOCHENSKI, J.M. The Methods of Contemporary Thought, New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1968
• ZIMAN, J.M., Real Science, what it is and what it means, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, s.102.
• BOCHENSKI, J.M. Çağdaş Düşünme Yöntemleri, (Çev. Talip kabadayı- Mustafa Irmak), Ankara: BilgeSu Yayıncılık, 2008
• BRODY, Baruch A. (Ed.). Readings in The Philosophy of Science, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1970
• KABADAYI, Talip. “Kuramdan Bağımsız Gözlem ve Deney Dili
• Olanaklı mıdır?” FLSF Dergisi, Sayı-2, Güz, ss.29-43, 2006
• KABADAYI, Talip. “'Bilim' Tasarımlarının Kısa Tarihi”, FLSF Dergisi, Sayı-3, Bahar, ss. 1.-26, 2007
• KABADAYI, Talip. “The Second Verificationists”, EJER, 7, 29, ss. 35- 43, 2007
• KABADAYI, Talip. “Larry Laudan'da ‘Araştırma Gelenekleri’nin Yöntembilgisi”, FLSF Dergisi, Sayı-5, Bahar, s. 7-34, 2008
• KUHN, Thomas S. The Structure Of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970
• KUHN, Thomas S. The Essential Tension, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977
• LAUDAN, Larry. Progress and Its Problems, Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth, London and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977
• LAUDAN, Larry. Science and Hypothesis, London: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1981
• LAUDAN, Larry. Science and Values, The Aims of Science and Their Role in Scientific Debate, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984
• LAUDAN, Larry. Beyond Positivism and Relativism, Theory, Method and Evidence, Boulder: Westview Press, 1996
• O’HEAR, Anthony. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990
• ZIMAN, J.M., Public Knowledge, an essay concerning the social dimension of science, London: Cambridge University Press, 1968
• ZIMAN, J.M., Reliable Knowledge, an exploration of the grounds for belief in science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978
• ZIMAN, J.M., Teaching and Learning about Science and Society, London: Cambridge University Press, 1980
• ZIMAN, J.M., An Introduction to Science Studies, the philosophical and social aspects of science and technology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984
• ZIMAN, J.M., Prometheus Bound, science in a dynamic steady state, Cambridge University Press, 1994
• ZIMAN, J.M., Real Science, what it is and what it means, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000